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Volume 71 (1994 - 199･･･
- Issue 6 Pages 335-
- Issue 5 Pages 279-
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- Issue 2-3 Pages 67-
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Volume 71, Issue 2-3
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Masahiro MIURA, Eijiro NAKAMURA, Seiji KATO, Takeshi USUI, Ryosuke MIY ...1994 Volume 71 Issue 2-3 Pages 67-82
Published: August 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the true nature and the mechanism of the human adductor brevis (specific adductor brevis, SAB)innervated dually by the anterior and posterior branches of the obturator nerve, we have carried out gross anatomical examination of 100 body halves of 50 adult Japanese cadavers. The SAB was found in 23 of the 100 thighs (23.0%), and its anterior and posterior surfaces received respectively the twigs from the anterior branch of the obturator nerve and the filament(s) from the posterior branch. The filament(s) was either indirectly derived from the medial stratum of the posterior branch through the formation of a common trunk with the twigs distributed in the obturator externus (14/23 thighs,60.9%) or directly originating in the medial stratum of the posterior branch of the obturator nerve (9/23 thighs,39.1%). In the close examination of the intramuscular distribution of the nerve to the SAB, the region innervated by the anterior branch of the obturator nerve could cleary be distinguished from that innervated by the posterior branch. The obturator nerve received fibers from L1234 (2/23 thighs) or from L234(21/23 thighs), and the posterior branch of the obturator nerve ran through the obturator externus (18/23 thighs,78.3%)or ran over the obturator externus (5/23 thighs,21.7%), and finally emerged into the thigh. In view of the mode of origin of the filament(s), the structural element of the filament(s), and the pattern of entry of the filament(s) into the SAB, the fasciculus of the SAB, which is innervated by the posterior branch of the obturator nerve, was considered to originate in the obturator externus. Thus, the true nature of the SAB was concluded to be a complex product which was formed by a mechanism in which the fasciculus, which had separated from the obturator externus during the process of ontogeny, fused secondarily to the posterior surface of the regular adductor brevis. From findings in our series of studies, it was estimated that the maximum frequency of occurrence of the SAB could be 56%. Furthermore, from a statistical point of view, the segmental composition or course of the obturator nerve is not considered to be related to either the formation or the incidence of this muscle.View full abstractDownload PDF (3456K) -
Toshikazu NISHIMURA, Daniel FAVRE, Markus DURRENBERGER, Marcel R. MICH ...1994 Volume 71 Issue 2-3 Pages 83-97
Published: August 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTranslocation of baculovirus nucleocapsids (45 nm in diameter, approximate length of 280-300 nm) from nucleoplasm to cytoplasm was studied morphologically using cryofucation and gold labeled wheat germ agglutinin (WGA-gold)during recombinant Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus infection in Sf9 cells. Nucleocapsids formed in the nucleoplasm migrated into protrusions of the nuclear envelope, but not into nuclear pore complexes. We found cross-like membranous structures. Small pores seemed to be in the protruding nuclear double membranes. The middle piece of a nucleocapsid was located within the small pore whereas the upper part was in the cytoplasm. Other nucleocapsids were situated within pores without colocalization of WGA-gold in the nuclear envelope. These results suggest that baculovirus nucleocapsids use small pores in the nuclear-derived membranes or incomplete nuclear pores in the nuclear envelope to migrate from the nucleoplasm to the cytoplasm, but not complete nuclear pore complexes proper.View full abstractDownload PDF (4856K) -
Masashi FUJII, Gen MURAKAMI, Toshiyuki YAMAGATA, Kazuyuki SHIMADA, Haj ...1994 Volume 71 Issue 2-3 Pages 99-125
Published: August 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe lymphatics lying along the internal thoracic artery and vein, which are termed the "internal mammary lymphatics" (IML), were minutely dissected in 134 adult cadavers (80 males and 54 females, aged 27-94 years) in order to clarify the configuration of IML in the superior mediastinum.
On the right side IML frequently terminated at the brachiocephalic angle (BA) nodes and often at the nodes situated at an intermediate position between the internal thoracic artery and vein. By way of these nodes, IML communicated with regional lymphatics of the lung and esophagus. Moreover, IML joined the right superficial bronchomediastinal trunks. On the left side, IML consistently terminated at a superficial group of aortic arch nodes, termed the "superior phrenic nodes", lying along the left phrenic nerve and lying medially to the internal thoracic vein and inferiorly to the left brachiocephalic vein. At and around these nodes, IML joined drainage routes from the so-called Botallo's nodes, which received the left lung lymphatics. The efferents of the superior phrenic nodes formed the left superior bronchomediastinal trunks, and passed deeply to the left brachiocephalic vein and on the subclavian artery toward the left venous angle region. Consequently, IML formed common drainage routes with the drainage routes from the lung and esophagus in the superior mediastinum.
A transverse communicating route of IMLs via the retromanubrial nodes, lying inferior to or along the left brachiocephalic vein, was often observed. On the right side, the communicating route terminated at the BA nodes or the nodes situated at an intermediate position between the internal thoracic artery and vein. On the left side, the route consistently terminated at the superior phrenic nodes. In addition to the communicating route described above, we identified (1) a direct and superficial transverse communicating route, and (2) a deep transverse communicating route. The former route was composed of fasciculated large collecting vessels directly connecting the BA nodes to the left venous angle region, lying superficial to the left brachiocephalic vein. The latter route was composed of several large collecting vessels, crossing the brachiocephalic and left common carotid arteries superficially, and merging into the left phrenic nodes directly or occasionally via the pretracheal nodes. These results suggested that IMLs of both sides can closely communicate with each other in the superior mediastinum.View full abstractDownload PDF (6055K) -
Yukio YOSHIDA1994 Volume 71 Issue 2-3 Pages 127-135
Published: August 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to determine whether the muscle bellies of the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis (including additional slips) show laminar disposition, they were observed in 490 upper limbs of 245 Japanese cadavers. The author examined them from the point of view of lamination of the muscle slips (bellies) and classified them into 22 types in this study.
The extensor carpi radialis longus muscle consists of five layers (A, B, C, D and E). Their proximal portions are disposed from radial deep to ulnar superficial as A, B, C, D and E, and the distal portions from ulnar deep to radial superficial as A, B, C, D and E. C is the main part of the extensor carpi radians longus muscle, and A, B, D and E are additional (accessory) slips. The main part (C) is inserted into the second metacarpal bone. A and B cross beneath the main part (C) to the ulnar side of the hand and are inserted into the third to second metacarpal bones. D and E pass across on the main part (C) to the radial side of the hand and are inserted into the second to first metacarpal bones.
The extensor carpi radialis brevis consists of three layers (X, Y and Z). Their proximal portions are disposed from radial deep to ulnar superficial as X, Y and Z, and the distal portions from ulnar deep to radial superficial as X, Y and Z. Y is the main part of the extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle, and X and Z are additional (accessory) slips. The main part (Y)is inserted into the third metacarpal bone. X passes deep to Y to the ulnar side of the hand and is inserted into the fourth or third metacarpal bone. Z passes superficial to Y to the radial side of the hand and is inserted into the third or second metacarpal bone.
The extensor carpi radialis longus muscle showed the normal form (C only present) in 326 of 490 cases, and had the main part (C) and one to three additional slips (A, B, D, E) in 164. The extensor carpi radialis brevis showed the normal form (Y only present) in 389, and had the main part (Y) and one or two accessory slips (X, Z) in 101 of 490 cases.View full abstractDownload PDF (2516K) -
Keiko FUJITA, Katsuji KANEKO1994 Volume 71 Issue 2-3 Pages 137-142
Published: August 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is generally accepted that the mucous neck cells are the precursors of chief cells, and that they are converted to chief cells via intermediate cells. We reported previously that two types of mucous neck cell are present in the region close to the cardia of the rat fundic gland. Using immunoelectron microscopy and lectin histochemistry, we examined whether the two histochemically distinct types of mucous neck cell are converted to chief cells via intermediate cells by the same process. Intermediate cells were positive for immunostaining with an antibody raised against neutral mucin but negative for staining with Limax flavus agglutinin (LFA). It is proposed that the mucous neck cells that contain neutral mucin are converted to chief cells via intermediate cells. The cells containing acidic mucin are first converted to mucous neck cells that contain neutral mucin and then to chief cells via intermediate cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (1969K) -
Hidekazu WAKURI, Edwin J. KIRK1994 Volume 71 Issue 2-3 Pages 143-159
Published: August 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn fifty six ovine fetuses of both sexes, ranging in length from 20 mm to 41 cm crown-rump length, the developmental features of the cleavage lines of the skin over the whole body were examined by the stab-wound method using a metal probe with a sharp conical point.1). Cleavage lines were observed as early as the 20mm fetal stage. During each fetal stage, the various regions and areas of the ovine body were represented by individual cleavage line patterns.2). The cleavage line patterns changed as the ocurred the various structures elongated or thickened during fetal growth.3). Among the fetuses, similar cleavage line patterns recurred in particular regions or areas, e. g., the flank, the antebrachium, the crus and foreand hind-digits.4). This recurrence of cleavage line patterns reflected the alterations with occurred with the growth of the whole body, in accord with the so-called functional-morphological rhythm of development.View full abstractDownload PDF (2951K) -
Miyoko NISHIMURA, Yasutomo IWAI-LIAO1994 Volume 71 Issue 2-3 Pages 161-181
Published: August 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fine structure of rat odontoblasts (OBs) showing the developmental sequence of cellular maturation along the long axis of the incisor was studied. The cytomorphological changes and relationships of the intracellular components, particularly the membranous component, were investigated mainly by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using the AODO (A: aldehyde prefixation; O: osmium tetroxide postfixation; D: dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) freeze-fracture; O: osmium tetroxide maceration) method and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using the conventional methods. The following results were obtained: 1) The elongated young OBs were highly polarized and characterized by well-developed concentric cisternal granular (rough) endoplasmic reticulum (rER) layers and Golgi complex. SEM showed the rER was continuous to the agranular (smooth) ER (sER).2) Transformation of the concentric rER to a tubular network was closely related to the maturation and secretory activity of the OBs.3) Many branched and elongated tubular mitochondria were observed in the supranuclear region of young OBs. On the other hand, many round-to-ovoid mitochondria were observed particularly in the distal clear area of old OBs.4) SEM also revealed tubulo-vesicular elements, which are believed to be structures relating to secretory and absorptive functions, composed of secretory granules and small tubules, having connections with the cell membrane in both young and old OBs. Furthermore, the small tubules were continuous with the larger sER tubules in the distal clear area and cell process of the OBs.5) Using TEM, long lysosomes, various cytosomes and multivesicular bodies (MVBs) were usually observed in the peripheral region and in the distal cytoplasm and major processes of the OBs. The present SEM and TEM studies indicated the MVBs were closely associated with sER tubules of the tubulo-vesicular elements.6) Both TEM and SEM showed cytosegresomes containing laminated ER and other organelles particularly in the distal clear area of old OBs.7) SEM also showed some thin lateral branchings of the OBs running along the fine matricial fibrils, as well as matrix-vesicle-like structures deeply invaginated at the basal portion of the cell processes and distributed in the predentine. The present morphological study demonstrated a three-dimensional configuration of the structures relating to secretory and absorptive functions of young and old OBs.View full abstractDownload PDF (5476K)
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