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Volume 72 (1995 - 199･･･
- Issue 6 Pages 285-
- Issue 5 Pages 235-
- Issue 4 Pages 185-
- Issue 2-3 Pages 51-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Predecessor
Volume 72, Issue 2-3
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Yoshihiko TSUKAMOTO, Hiroko TATEYAMA, Sami OOHIGASHI1995 Volume 72 Issue 2-3 Pages 51-58
Published: August 21, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe architecture of trunk canal neuromasts of the Japanese sea eel was morphologically examined.
A fluid-filled canal is connected with the outside by horn-shaped tubules whose outer openings are seen as pores, which are variable in shape and very narrow as compared to the canal diameter. A projection shaped like a semilunar valve hangs over each neuromast from the opposite wall. The total number of hair cells in a canal neuromast was 500 to 600, about fivefold more numerous than that in a superficial neuromast. Two groups of hair cells, rostrally and caudally oriented, are nearly equal in number.
The observed architectures are thought to favor efficient detection of the flow of water within the canal. These findings substantiate the current understanding that each canal neuromast encodes the pressure difference between two adjacent pores.View full abstractDownload PDF (2472K) -
Toshio NAKATANI, Harry BEITNER1995 Volume 72 Issue 2-3 Pages 59-68
Published: August 21, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeven female human subjects were irradiated with 4 Gy of grenz rays and 30 J/cm2 of long-wave ultraviolet (UVA) radiation once a week for three weeks.6/7 subjects when irradiated on the back developed a clearly visible pigmentation due to both grenz-ray and UVA pigmentation. The effect on epidermal melanocytes was observed with transmission electron microscopy. Ultrastructural changes in melanocytes following both grenz-ray and UVA irradiation were an increase in the number of premature and mature melanosomes, elongation and protrusion of cytoplasm, sometimes indented nuclei, and the development of multilamella of basal lamina. Compared with UVA-irradiated skin, in the same individuals the melanocytes seemed somewhat more hypertrophic after grenz-ray irradiation. In general the observed qualitative ultrastructural differences between UVA- and grenz-ray-irradiated melanocytes were limited, indicating that the influence of grenz-rays is similar to that of UVA.View full abstractDownload PDF (3332K) -
Xiao Hua CHEN, Masahiro ITOH, Takanori MIKI, Masanori ICHIYAMA, Yoshih ...1995 Volume 72 Issue 2-3 Pages 69-79
Published: August 21, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSerial 30μm-thick setions through the midbrain tegmentum were stained with cresyl violet The PL was found to be situated along the medial edge of the lateral lemniscus. The PL consisted of smanll- (10-15μm) and mediom-sized neurons (25-35μm), and was the most prominent at the caudal level of the superior colliculus. In order to confirm the existence of the inhibitory paralemniscal-facial pathway, a combined HRP and immunohistochemical technique was use in the rat. This experiment revealed that 10.9% of the total number of GABA immunoreactive PL neurons also labeled with HRP after HRP injection was made in the medial part of the facial nucleus (FN). Electron microscopic observations were carried out on the medial part of the facial nucleus (FN) after kainic acid injection was made into the contralateral PL in the cat. T he majority of degenerating PL fibers were ranged from 0.5 to 3.1μm in diameter and made synaptic contacts with somata, proximal dendrites and dendritic profiles. These fibers, containing either round or pleomorphic vesicles, formed asymmetrical or symmetrical synapses. It was of particular interest in the present study that 40.7% of the total number of degenerating fibers make synaptic contacts with large dendrites more than 3.0μm in diameter.View full abstractDownload PDF (4932K) -
Masahiro MIURA, Seiji KATO, Ichiro ITONAGA, Takeshi USUI1995 Volume 72 Issue 2-3 Pages 81-97
Published: August 21, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn anomalous muscle was found in the right anterior cervical region of a 68-year-old Japanese man. The muscle was investigated anatomically, with special reference to its supply. Few such reports are available.
The anomalous muscle arose from the upper margin of the scapula as an aponeurotic sheet, ran medialocranialward and separated into the superficial and profound fasciculi at the lateral edge of the sternohyoid muscle. The former fasciculus was inserted into the lower border of the hyoid bone without fusing with adjacent muscles, or as an independent fasciculus. Meanwhile, the latter fasciculus incompletely fused with the lateral portion of the sternohyoid muscle. This muscle was supplied from its posterior surface and the upper edge by two slender nerves from the ansa cervicalis (roots of origin: C1, C2 and C3).
Based on the nerve supply and a review of the literature, the muscle is discussed in terms of its true nature and its mechanism of formation. As a result of the investigation, this muscle is assumed to be a vestigial structure in humans reduced from the M. episterno-cleido-hyoideus sublimis (Fiirbringer), which is observed in lower types of vertebrates (reptilies, etc. ).View full abstractDownload PDF (3878K) -
Shigetoshi MIYOSHI, Xiao Hua CHEN, Masahiro ITOH, Takanori MIKI, Wei S ...1995 Volume 72 Issue 2-3 Pages 99-108
Published: August 21, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) injection into the hypoglossal nerve mainly resulted in retrograde labeling in the superior ganglia of the glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves ipsilaterally. Anterogradely labeled fibers were found in lamina I of the ipsilateral upper cervical spinal cord with a few distribution to laminae IV-V and VII-VIII. WGA-HRP injection into the PBN revealed intensive labeling of lamina I neurons of the upper cervical spinal cord ipsilaterally. These light microscopic observations appear to indicate the hypoglossal sensory inputs to the PBN through the spinal cord. In order to investigate the synaptic nature of this spinal relay, electron microscopic observations were carried out on lamina I of the first and second cervical spinal cord after cutting the hypoglossal nerve and WGA-HRP injection into the PBN in the same animal. The spinoparabrachial projection neurons were demonstrated to show a low cytoplasmic/nuclear ratio and have an oval or deeply indented nucleus with a centrally located nucleolus. Furthermore, dark and light type degenerating fibers were observed to make synaptic contacts with HRP-labeled somata and dendritic profiles.View full abstractDownload PDF (4442K) -
Hiromi UEDA, Osamu FUJIMORI1995 Volume 72 Issue 2-3 Pages 109-117
Published: August 21, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the endothelial cells ining the rat splenic blood vessds, neutral carbohydrates were studied by means of combined periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver protein (PA-TCH-SP) and α-amylase digestion methods. In the endothelial cells lining the central and follicular arteries of the spleen, the neutral glycoconjugate-containing surface coat of the luminal plasma membrane and related pinocytotic invaginations and vesides in the apical cytoplasm were strikingly distinguished, as compared with those in the cells lining the splenic sinuses. In contrast, cytoplasmic glycogen particles in the sinus endothelial cells were apparently larger in amount than those in the arteriolar endothelial cells. Such cytochemical variations of neutral carbohydrates with the arteriolar and venous vessels of the rat spleen were discussed with special reference to varying cytophysiological functions of the endothelial cells with the different segments of the splenic blood vessels.View full abstractDownload PDF (3988K) -
Jun-Qi ZHENG, Makoto SEKI, Tetsu HAYAKAWA, Hisao ITO, Katuya ZYO1995 Volume 72 Issue 2-3 Pages 119-135
Published: August 21, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the direct projections from the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) to the spinal cord. When Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) was injected into the PVH, labeled descending fibers were observed running bilaterally through three pathways. The first pathway ran into the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus and projected to the central gray matter, Edinger-Westphal nucleus, pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, nucleus of the locus ceruleus and parabrachial nucleus. The second and third pathways coursed through the medial forebrain bundle, ventral tegmental area, and ventral part of the medulla oblongata. At the medulla oblongata, the second pathway curved dorsolaterally and joined Rexed's lamina V of Cl after giving many projections to the nucleus ambiguus, nucleus of the solitary tract, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, and a few to the area postrema. The fibers descended through lamina V until C5, and coursed through lamina I from C6 to the upper coccygeal segments. They gave collateral projections to lamina I from the cervical through the upper coccygeal segments. The third pathway coursed laterally and descended through the lateral funiculus after giving projections to the lateral reticular nucleus and the marginal layer of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. These fibers gave off many projections to the intermediolateral cell column of the thoracic cord and the sacral parasympathetic nucleus. Lamina X received many projections from the fibers of the lateral funiculus at C5through the b-segment of sacral spinal cord.
These results indicate that the PVH may integrate directly with the medullary and spinal autonomic regulatory nuclei, including the vagus complex, sympathetic intermediolateral cell column, laminae I and X, and sacral parasympathetic nucleus.View full abstractDownload PDF (5007K) -
Rajani SHRESTHA, Tetsu HAYAKAWA, Gangadhar DAS, Trilok Pati THAPA, Yos ...1995 Volume 72 Issue 2-3 Pages 137-148
Published: August 21, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the positioning of the epiglottis in the pharyngo-laryngeal region and the distribution of taste buds on the epiglottis in the rat and house shrew, animals which have different feeding habits. In the fixed samples of both species, when the mouth was closed or slightly opened, the epiglottis was found to protrude into the nasopharyngeal hiatus above the soft palate. But it retracted from its position when the mouth was widely opened. In omnivorous rats (n = 6), the mean number (mean density ± s. d.) of taste buds was 52 (12.6 ± 2.2/mm2) on the laryngeal surface but only 4 (1.3 ± 1.0/mm2) on the oral surface. The three-dimensional view was reconstructed from serial sections. The taste buds were distributed most densely close to the caudal base and became fewer toward the more rostral tip. In insectivorous house shrews (n = 2),4 taste buds on average were found only on the laryngeal surface of the epiglottis. Epiglottal taste buds may work as chemosensory detectors to initiate the reflex reaction to protect the airway from oral substances during swallowing and drinking.View full abstractDownload PDF (3689K) -
Yasushi IIZUKA, Shoei SUGITA1995 Volume 72 Issue 2-3 Pages 149-162
Published: August 21, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe cytoarchitecture and distribution patterns of the vagal preganglionic neurons within the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMNX) innervating the proventriculus and the gizzard of the Japanese quail were examined by Nissl staining and the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method. A 30% solution of HRP was injected into nine different gastric regions: the ventral and dorsal parts of the proventriculus, the caudodorsal and cranioventral thick muscles, the craniodorsal and caudoventral thin muscles, and the pylorus, and the ventral and dorsal tendons of the gizzard. Nissl preparations showed that the DMNX is composed of two cell groups, the dorsal magnocellular and mediocellular subnucleus (Xd) and the ventral parvicellular subnucleus (Xv). After injection of HRP into the ventral and dorsal parts of the proventriculus, HRP-labeled cells were predominantly observed in the left and right DMNX, respectively. The rostrocaudal distribution patterns of HRP-labeled cells in the Xd and Xv were symmetric on the left and right sides. The distribution patterns of labeled cells following the injection of HRP into each region of the gizzard showed that there was very little difference in the number of neurons between the left and right DMNX, and no topographic localization was found in the Xd and Xv. The vagal preganglionic neurons projecting to the gizzard lay more caudal than the ones for the proventriculus. This study suggested topographic localization in the distribution patterns of the vagal preganglionic neurons innervating the proventriculus and the gizzard.View full abstractDownload PDF (3895K) -
Kazuyuki SHIMADA, Yasumi KANEKO, Iwao SATO, Hiromitsu EZURE, Gen MURAK ...1995 Volume 72 Issue 2-3 Pages 163-176
Published: August 21, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn a study of Japanese adults, we found that the orbital branch (OB) passing through the superior orbital fissure frequently anastomosed with the lacrimal artery or the ophthalmic artery (12/20). However, the OB passing through the meningo-orbital foramen (mof) only associationaly anastomosed with branches of the ophthalmic artery (4/79). Furthermore, the OB in the orbit, excluding the lacrimal gland as previously reported. We examined 116 cases in which the OB passed through the mof in 129 adult Japanese cadavers (45.0% in 258 sides). The OB passing through the mof was always distributed to the periorbital region and the area that it supplied was limited to the periorbita in about half of those cases. In another half of the cases (58/116), the area supplied included the lacrimal gland.View full abstractDownload PDF (3862K) -
H. WAKURI, K. MUTOH, H. ICHIKAWA, B. LIU1995 Volume 72 Issue 2-3 Pages 177-183
Published: August 21, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have observed and re-evaluated the histology of the skin of the horse, using samples from four Thoroughbreds. The skin was composed of the usual three components: epidermis, dermis and subcutis. In particular, the dermis was found to have three fibrous components: a papillary layer, a reticular layer and a cordovan-leather tissue layer. The cordovan-leather tissue layer was subdivided into a superficial main layer and a deeper accessory layer. The superficial main layer was thick, and present in all of the skin samples. The deeper accessory layer was found in the dorsal and dorsolateral parts of the neck and trunk and in the extremities. Hair bulbs and sudoriferous glands did not extend into the cordovan-leather tissue layer and subcutis.View full abstractDownload PDF (2177K)
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