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Volume 77 (2000 - 200･･･
- Issue 6 Pages 189-
- Issue 5 Pages 137-
- Issue 4 Pages 93-
- Issue 2-3 Pages 39-
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Volume 77, Issue 6
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Ichiro HIRAI, Gen MURAKAMI, Wataru KIMURA, Takashi NARA, Yukio DODO2001 Volume 77 Issue 6 Pages 189-199
Published: March 21, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSParaaortic lymph nodes, Hepatoduodenal ligament, Pancreaticoduodenal region, Thoracic duct, Lymphadenectomy Summary: In 6 of 15 postmortem-treated cadaveric specimens, we found macroscopically thick lymphatic collecting vessels that originated from not only the nodes along the common hepatic artery (No.8 nodes) but also from the pancreaticoduodenal region, and which drained directly into the para-aortic nodes immediately below the left renal vein (No.16b1-inter or -latero nodes). The collecting vessels, if they originated from the ventral (dorsal) visceral side, passed to the left (right) of the superior mesenteric and celiac arteries. Moreover, the right-side vessels (5 specimens) were classified into superficial and deep courses to the celiac plexus, whereas they were superficial in the left side (2 specimens). One of the deep (right) courses continued to the thoracic duct without any intercalated nodes. In addition, another deep route drained into the para-aortic node immediately above the left renal vein (No.16a2-inter node). We consider that these collecting vessels form “direct descending pathways ” from the relatively peripheral lymphatics in the upper abdomen toward the thoracic duct origin. The pathway seems to be a collateral, or even major drainage route, and it appears responsible for skipped metastasis of primary cancer. Since the classical, limited entity of the intestinal lymph trunk does not coincide with our pathway, it should be reconsidered. The proposed entity of the direct, long descending pathway will influence the selection and modification of lymphadenectomv methods in cancer surgery in the pancreaticoduodenal region.View full abstractDownload PDF (5768K) -
Futoshi NAKAJIMA, Gen MURAKAMI, Shigekazu OHYAMA, Takayuki HORIGUCHI, ...2001 Volume 77 Issue 6 Pages 201-209
Published: March 21, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSwe describe the configuration and size of the artificial fascial dome created in 57 cadavers. This dome protrudes into the thoracic cavity from the esophageal hiatus. This dome was a potential space realized by finger dissection (i.e., a specific but common surgical procedure during surgery of the upper part of the stomach). The vagus nerves penetrated the top of the dome and ran down along the esophagus. The height of the ventral wall of the dome ranged from 10-60 mm, while the dorsal wall was 10-40 mm longer than the ventral one since the dorsal wall attached to the lower, dorsal limb of the esophageal hiatus. Accordingly, the dorsal wall separated the “thoracic” aorta from the “abdominal” esophagus. We considered that the upper leaf of the phreno-esophageal membrane forms the fascial dome, although the lower leaf of the membrane was not identified in this study. According to the results, we proposed a schematic representation of the phreno-esophageal membrane.View full abstractDownload PDF (3569K) -
Jun GOTO, Noboru GOTO, Hiromitsu EZURE, Naoko NONAKA, Xiaoxin MA2001 Volume 77 Issue 6 Pages 211-216
Published: March 21, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have developed a new technique for the morphological differentiation of various nerve fibers which is especially suitable for the morphometric study of nerve fibers of the human nervous system with the help of an imageanalyzer. The knowledge from findings by this technique, which is based on several study methods, may be of importance in promoting further neuromorphologic studies and in properly understanding various aspects of neurological symptomatology and the aging process of the nervous system including nerve fibers.View full abstractDownload PDF (2117K) -
Naoko NONAKA, Noboru GOTO, Hiromitsu EZURE, Hiroyuki ISHIKAWA, Kazuhik ...2001 Volume 77 Issue 6 Pages 217-219
Published: March 21, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this research is to find and to evaluate morphometorically the unmyelinated nerve fibers in the human mandibular nerve using a light microscope. Our report demonstrates for the first time the presence of the unmyelinated nerve fibers of the human mandibular nerve stained by a special method. Our results also indicate that there is a morphometric change with aging in the unmyelinated axons of the nerve.View full abstractDownload PDF (1095K) -
Akira WADA, Jun GOTO, Noboru GOTO, Noriyoshi KAWAMURA, Kiyoshi MATSUMO ...2001 Volume 77 Issue 6 Pages 221-224
Published: March 21, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been the accepted opinion that there are one million nerve fibres in the human medullary pyramid. This seemed to be confirmed in several old reports. But we cannot agree with this opinion. We made nitrocelluloseembedded sections from three normal male brains, and stained them by our modification of Masson-Goldner method. With this method, myelinated axons appeared in blue, whereas the glial processes were coloured in red. which allowed easy discrimination between the two. After morphometric evaluation of the pyramidal axons under the microscope, it appeared without the slightest doubt, that the number of axons does not exceed one-tenth of one million.View full abstractDownload PDF (1257K) -
Harumichi SHINOHARA, Rieko KOMINAMI, Satoru YASUTAKA, Yutaka TANIGUCHI2001 Volume 77 Issue 6 Pages 225-232
Published: March 21, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHorner's muscle (the palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi muscle) has a fan-shaped origin in the lacrimal bone. Its muscle fibers are oriented from 160 to 210 degrees relative to the ear-eye plane and converge towards the medial palpebral commissure. Then the muscle divides into superior and inferior bundles of fibers. Some of the lower fibers participate in the formation of the superior bundle and some of the higher fibers participate in the formation of the inferior bundle and, thus, some of Horner's muscle is twisted. Each bundle courses laterally to the lateral palpebral commissure and has three insertions. The first insertion is located at the medial margin of the tarsi. The second insertion is into the subcutaneous tissue along the palpebral margins. Minute fascicles of Horner's muscle are fastened to the palpebral margins. The third insertions are into the lateral palpebral ligament and subcutaneous connective tissue of the lateral commissure. Serial histological sections of a fetus at 14 to 16 weeks gestation revealed that the extent of the envelope formed by Horner's muscle around the lacrimal canaliculus decreases gradually from the lacrimal papilla to the lacrimal sac. The various observations suggest the following roles for Horner's muscle: (1)it closes the medial canthus of the eye and closes the lacrimal punctum; (2) it pulls the tarsus medially; (3)it tautens the palpebral magins and presses against the eyeball; and (4) it squeezes the lacrimal canaliculus with a decreasing gradient of pressure from the lacrimal papilla to the lacrimal sac. These actions are likely to be important for the flow of lacrimal fluid in the lateral to medial direction on the eyeball, for maintenance of the thickness of tear film over the cornea, for opening and closing of the lacrimal punctum, and for passage of the lacrimal fluid from the canaliculus to the sac. Horner's muscle appears, thus, to be a muscle of prime importance in all phases of the flow of lacrimal fluid.View full abstractDownload PDF (3089K) -
Taka-aki DEGUCHI, Akimichi TAKEMURA, Fumihiko SUWA2001 Volume 77 Issue 6 Pages 233-242
Published: March 21, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing three heads of the common opossum (Didelphis marsupialis), which may be considered to have a primitive mammalian form and therefore be appropriate for this study, the laminar structure of the masseter was investigated. We also attempted a comparative anatomical study of the relationships of food habits to the laminar structures of the masseter, zygomatic arch and mandibular ramus. In the common opossum masseter, a total of six layers, the primary and secondary sublayers of the superficial layer, the intermediate layer, and the primary, secondary and third sublayers of the deep layer as a proper masseter, were observed. These layers showed a typical reverse laminar structure, with the layers of tendons and muscles alternating. The maxillomandibularis and zygomaticomandibularis muscles were observed in one layer each, as an improper masseter. The laminar structure of the common opossum masseter was shown to be more similar to that of carnivorous placental animals than that of the herbivorous red kangaroo, a similar marsupial. In regard to the number of layers in the laminar structure of the masseter, the results of both this study and those of our predecessors' showed that differences in food habits affect the deep layer in the proper masseter of marsupials and placental mammals, and that of the maxillomandibularis muscle of placental mammals in the improper masseter.View full abstractDownload PDF (3263K)
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