Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica
Online ISSN : 1881-1736
Print ISSN : 0030-154X
ISSN-L : 0030-154X
81 巻, 6 号
選択された号の論文の5件中1~5を表示しています
  • Takamasa TSURUMI, Noboru GOTO, Masakazu SHIBATA, Jun GOTO, Akemi KAMIY ...
    2005 年 81 巻 6 号 p. 119-122
    発行日: 2005年
    公開日: 2008/01/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    The number of people with functional disabilities has been increasing with the rapid changes of age structure in the overall population. One of the major causes of disturbances in daily activities is cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). The transverse area and sagittal diameter of the spinal cord measured by MRI is reported to correlate with the clinical manifestations of CSM, the duration of the disease, and the speed of recovery after surgery in patients with CSM. The purpose of this research is to determine the morphological characteristics of CSM as seen in MRI findings including the spinal cord sagittal diameter, transverse diameter, transverse area and flatness ratio. Twenty-eight of several patients with CSM were treated conservatively after carrying out measurements by MRI. In addition, anatomical studies were carried out on the spinal cords after anatomical dissection of the vertebral column in seven cadavers with CSM. These results, when compared with the morphological analysis of the cervical spinal cord, show that there is a correlation between the transverse areas at C4, C5 and C6 levels, as those at every level of the cervical transverse areas of tissue sections in the dissection cadavers were 10?18% smaller than those in the MRI patients. These results should be taken into account for the treatment of CSM patients.
  • Hiroyuki MOTOURA, Noboru GOTO, Jun GOTO, Hiromitsu EZURE, Masakazu SHI ...
    2005 年 81 巻 6 号 p. 123-128
    発行日: 2005年
    公開日: 2008/01/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    We calculated numbers and axonal areas of myelinated nerve fibers in the Lissauer tract of the human lumbar spinal cord (L1) from the viewpoint of the aging process. We examined 20 human spinal cords from 13 males and 7 females, age ranging from 41 to 88 years old. We found that, although the number of nerve fibers showed no significant change in relation to the age of the subject, the axonal area of myelinated nerve fiber in the Lissauer tract did decrease with age.
  • Hiroyuki ISHIKAWA, Hiromitsu EZURE, Noboru GOTO, Akemi KAMIYAMA, Tetsu ...
    2005 年 81 巻 6 号 p. 129-134
    発行日: 2005年
    公開日: 2008/01/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study was conducted to quantify the change in the number and size of myelinated nerve fibers of the maxillary nerve with tooth loss in humans. We carried out a morphometric analysis to compare the number and size of myelinated nerve fibers in the human maxillary nerve between four dentulous and four edentulous jaw cases. Our results indicated that the number of axons decreased by approximately 13,000 with tooth loss. The average size of axons remained unchanged, but there was a change in the fiber size distribution, namely the loss of a large number of smallsized axons was accompanied by the total disappearance of small number of large-sized axons.
  • Eri YOKOTA, Tomokazu KAWASHIMA, Fumie OHKUBO, Hiroshi SASAKI
    2005 年 81 巻 6 号 p. 135-142
    発行日: 2005年
    公開日: 2008/01/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    The anatomical relationship between the kidney position and its arterial supply was investigated in 21 mammals, 1 bird, and 3 reptiles (n=1 for each species) and in 43 human cadavers. The following observations were made.
    1. Although the right kidney was located caudal to the left kidney in 29 out of 43 human cadavers (67.4%), the origin of the right renal artery from the aorta was located cranial to the origin of the left renal artery in 36 human cadavers (83.7%). Therefore, the relative positions of the kidneys do not correspond with the relative origins of the renal arteries in humans.
    2. Among the mammals that were examined, the position of the kidney and the branching level of the renal artery on the right side were usually cranial to those on the left side.
    3. In the bird and most reptiles that were examined, kidneys were typically located in the pelvic region and were supplied by segmental arterial branches.
    These results suggest that the right kidney and its arterial supply are generally located cranial to the left kidney in phylogeny of mammals. While the presence of a human accessory renal artery in 9 out of 86 sides (10.5%) and a cranial origin of the left renal artery relative to the right renal artery in 7 out of 43 cadavers (16.3%), shows some variation in the arterial supply to the kidneys, the origin of the renal arteries can generally be used as phylogenetic landmarks indicating the relative positions of the kidneys. Hence, from an ontological perspective, the human right kidney may be initially situated cranial to the left kidney during the early stages of development. Thereafter, the human right kidney may shift downwards secondary.
  • Naoki SHIRAISHI, George MATSUMURA
    2005 年 81 巻 6 号 p. 143-146
    発行日: 2005年
    公開日: 2008/01/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study investigated in 165 cadavers for the presence and morphology of a great posterior radicular artery (GPRA). The spinal cords were examined for the presence of a GPRA macroscopically and by stereomicroscopy, and the spinal segmental level where the GPRA was located and left-right differences were investigated. A GPRA was found to be present in 10 (6.1%) of the 165 cadavers, and a solitary unilateral GPRA was observed on the left or right side of the spinal cord in each of them. While no differences in laterality were identified, the GPRA was most often seen at the level of the spinal segment T11. The mean outer diameter of the GPRA was 0.43 mm.
    No previous studies have described the GPRA in a Japanese population. In the 10 cadavers in which a GPRA found in this study its most common location was at the level of spinal segment Th11. There was a difference of more than 2 spinal segmental levels between the location of the artery in our study and in a European population, suggesting that the spinal segmental level at which the GPRA is located is 1 or 2 levels higher in the Japanese population.
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