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Volume 85 (2008)
- Issue 4 Pages 111-
- Issue 3 Pages 79-
- Issue 2 Pages 43-
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Volume 85, Issue 1
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Gen NIIMI, Hideki IMADA2008 Volume 85 Issue 1 Pages 1-3
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: November 22, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe medaka, Oryzias latipes is a useful animal model for the study of vertebrate developmental genetics. Using May-Grünwald-Giemsa stain, we found non-nucleated erythrocytes in the peripheral blood of medaka. Eleven of 50 fish occasionally showed non-nucleated erythrocytes in their peripheral blood. We expect that this observation will be useful in future studies involving screening for hematologic mutants.View full abstractDownload PDF (1006K) -
Takashi SHIMOKAWA, Satoru YASUTAKA, Rieko KOMINAMI, Shigenori TANAKA, ...2008 Volume 85 Issue 1 Pages 5-10
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: November 22, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe expression of the homeobox transcription factor Pitx1 was investigated in the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) during limb development and regeneration by whole-mount mRNA in situ hybridizations. This clone shares high amino acid identity with Pitx1 from other vertebrates (92% Xenopus; 87% chick; 75% human and mouse) within the region isolated. In the developing limbs, Pitx1 was expressed in hindlimb mesenchyme, as has been reported in other species. The expression pattern in the hindlimb might have been conserved during evolution. In the regenerating limbs, Pitx1 was expressed in both fore- and hindlimb blastemas. Our observations suggest two roles of Pitx1 in the axolotl: one is to determine the hindlimb pattern during development, and the other that relates to proliferation of regenerating tissues without regard to fore- or hindlimb.View full abstractDownload PDF (6669K) -
Shoichi EMURA, Toshihiko OKUMURA, Huayue CHEN2008 Volume 85 Issue 1 Pages 11-15
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: November 22, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe dorsal lingual surfaces of an adult peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) and common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The length of the tongue in the peregrine falcon was about 2.5 cm. The length of the tongue in the common kestrel was about 1.5 cm. The tips of the tongues of the peregrine falcon and common kestrel were bifid. Three parts were distinguished in the tongues of the peregrine falcon and common kestrel: the apex, the body and the root of the tongue. The region of the openings of the lingual glands between the lingual apex and lingual root was very wide area in each bird. There were carpet-shaped epithelium in the lingual apex in each bird. The many openings of the lingual glands existed in the lingual body and lingual root in each bird. The morphological characteristics of the tongues in the peregrine falcon and common kestrel were similar to each other.View full abstractDownload PDF (3217K) -
Men-dar WU, Masaru KIMURA, Ishigami HIROMICHI, Robert H. HELFERT2008 Volume 85 Issue 1 Pages 17-27
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: November 22, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince the localization of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) can be identified by enzyme histochemistry for NADPH-diaphorse (NADPH-d), this method has been used widely for mapping NOS-containing (presumably NOergic) neurons in the central nervous system. So far several studies suggest that NADPH-d is present in distinct neuronal populations in the inferior colliculus (IC), a major processing center for both the ascending and descending auditory pathway, and NO may play an important role in audition. On one hand, there is evidence from several lines of research that the IC makes extensive use of the neuroactive amino acids, in particular the inhibitory transmitter g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the excitatory amino acid glutamate (GLU). However, lacking is a description of the distribution of NOergic neurons to which traditional neurotransmitters may be linked. The present research utilized NADPH-d enzyme histochemistry in combination with immunocytochemistry to determine if NO may colocalize with either or both GABA and glutamate in distinct subpopulations of IC neurons.
The NADPH-d positive neurons were predominantly found in two main subdivisions of the IC: the external cortex (ECIC) and the dorsal cortex (DCIC). The large numbers of these NADPH-d positive neurons appeared immunostained for GLU while only a small number, seemed to belong to the small cells (somatic area < 100 µm2) similarity to stellate cells group was positive for GABA throughout the cortex of the IC. Owing to no coexistence between GABA and GLU in the same NADPH-d positive neuron in the pairs of adjacent sections of the IC by the mirror-image technique, the present results consequently support that NOergic neurons could be subdivided into at least three distinct populations with a large proportion of about 77% being GLUergic, much lower frequency of about 11% being GABAergic and the remaining 12% expressing non-GABA and non-GLU.
In summary, the existence of two functionally distinct populations of NO/GABAergic and NO/GLUergic neurons in the NOergic neurons of IC suggest that at least two differential pattern of GLU-mediated excitatory NO transmission and GABA-mediated inhibitory NO transmission are involved in the networking of auditory communication in the cortex of IC.View full abstractDownload PDF (16472K) -
Shoichi EMURA, Toshihiko OKUMURA, Huayue CHEN2008 Volume 85 Issue 1 Pages 29-34
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: November 22, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe dorsal lingual surfaces of four adult cape hyraxes (Procavia capensis) were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Filiform, fungiform and foliate papillae were observed. The lingual body had lingual torus on the posterior third. In the lateral sides of the tongue large fungiform papillae were observed and in the lateral sides of the torus very developmental foliate papillae were observed. Many fungiform papillae were observed in the ventral surface of the lingual apex. No vallate papillae were seen on the dorsal surface. The filiform papilla on the apical surface of the tongue had shovel-shaped papilla. The filiform papilla contained the connective tissue core consisting of some processes. The connective tissue core of the fungiform papillae was floral bud in shape. In the surface of the lingual torus numerous dome-shaped papillae are found. The dome-shaped papilla contained the connective tissue core consisting of a zigzag surface structure and the connective tissue core is surrounded by the processes of various sizes. In the surface of the lingual root numerous openings of the lingual glands were found. Around the glandular openings connective tissue ridges formed circular sheaths. In the lateral sides of the tongue large fungiform papillae were round in shape. The connective tissue core of the fungiform papilla was floral bud in shape. The foliate papillae were seen on the dorsolateral aspect of the tongue and some ridges and grooves were exposed reciprocally. Many small protrusions appeared on the connective tissue core of the ridge of the foliate papilla. These findings suggested that in the structure of the lingual papillae of the cape hyrax there was intermediate type between Rodentia and Artiodactyla.View full abstractDownload PDF (2855K) -
Mitsuo IINUMA, Yukiko ICHIHASHI, Yoko HIOKI, Chika KURATA, Yasuo TAMUR ...2008 Volume 85 Issue 1 Pages 35-42
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: November 22, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe examined the effect of occlusal disharmony in senescence-accelerated (SAMP8) mice on plasma corticosterone levels, spatial learning in the water maze, fos induction, hippocampal neuron number, expression of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and glucocorticoid receptor messenger ribonucleic acid (GRmRNA) in hippocampus and inhibitor of glucocorticoid (metyrapone).
Bite-raised aged mice had significantly greater plasma corticosterone levels than age-matched control mice as well as impaired spatial memory and decreased Fos induction and a number of neurons in hippocampus. GR and GRmRNA expressions were significantly decreased in aged bite-raised mice compared with age-matched control mice. Pretreatment with metyrapone inhibited not only the bite-raised induced increase in plasma corticosterone levels, but also the reduction in the number of hippocampal neurons and impaired spatial learning.
These datas suggest that the bite-raised condition may enhance the aging process in hippocampus, thereby leading to impairment of spatial memory by stress.View full abstractDownload PDF (3594K)
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