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Volume 36, Issue 6
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Nobuyoshi Sugiyama, Shinichiro Hamano, Mika Mochizuki, Manabu Tanaka, ...2004 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 451-454
Published: November 01, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: December 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe retrospectively studied the efficacy of intravenous and intravenous-drip infusion administration of lidocaine on seizures treated in Saitama Children's Medical Center during the period of 1997-2002. Thirty eight seizures of 29 children (12 boys and 17 girls, average age 41.4 months) were treated with lidocaine. The overall rate of effectiveness was 53%. The response to lidocaine appeared within 5 minutes in all episodes. Good response to lidocaine was noted, in 36% of patients with epilepsy, in 72% with CNS infection and in 80% with benign infantile convulsions; in 42% with generalized seizures and in 63% with partial seizures. Thus there was no significant difference in efficacy among the underlying disorders and seizure types. The adverse reaction of SpO, decreasewas found in one patient. We conclude that lidocaine can be used as a second-line, anti-convulsive drug in status epilepticus based on its prompt effectiveness and low risk of side effects.View full abstractDownload PDF (511K) -
Hajime Tanaka, Ikue Fukuda, Akie Miyamoto, Ryuji Oka, Kazuhiko Cho, Ke ...2004 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 455-460
Published: November 01, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: December 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTizanidine is a centrally acting alpha-2 adrenoreceptor agonist widely used in the treatment of spasticity in patients with cerebral or spinal injury, and it is causing drawsiness in some of them. Based on these drug actions, we administered tizanidine to 21 spastic quadriplegic children with severe sleep disturbance not improved by conventional therapies.
All these patients were showing abnormalities of both the induction and maintenance of sleep. The dosage of tizanidine was 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg/day, divided into two or three doses. If daytime drowsiness was severe, tizanidine admistration was restricted to just prior to bedtime. In 13 patients (61.9%), wefound improvement in sleep induction and/or maintenance. Moreover, patients' families were satisfied with the treatment. There were no detectable side effects except facial pallor in two patients (9.5%) whose treatment was discontinued.
Severe muscle hypertonia causes severe pain, which generates strong sympathetic nerve activity and subsequent sleep disturbance. We consider that tizanidine has direct effects on the induction of sleep, and promotes muscular relaxation bringing about good sleep. We conclude that tizanidine is useful for the treatment of refractory sleep disturbance in spastic quadriplegic patients.View full abstractDownload PDF (691K) -
Manabu Tanaka, Mika Mochizuki, Nobuyoshi Sugiyama, Shinichiro Hamano2004 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 461-465
Published: November 01, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: December 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo evaluate treatment of Bell's palsy (acute idiopathic peripheral facial nerve paralysis) of children, the authors analyzed 38 cases (18 females, 20 males) of Bell's palsy in children aged below 16 years old. The mean age of all cases was 6.8±6.2 years old. All cases resulted in complete recovery within 6 months. Clinical score of facial motor functions were adapted to 17 patients who were more than 5 years old. They were divided into two groups: early recovery group (clinical symptoms recovered within 3 months; 10 cases) and later recover group (over 3 months ; 7 cases).
Clinical scores evaluated in the first week from the onset were not significantlydifferent. Steroid therapy was used for 9 patients of early group and 6 patient of later group. All patients of this study were recovered, thus we could not evaluate effect of steroid therapy for Bell's palsy in children. Use ofsteroid therapy for Bell's palsy needs more concretely administration. We consider how the region locates near to the center is an important prognostic factor.View full abstractDownload PDF (574K) -
Yousuke Aramaki, Hiroyuki Uno2004 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 467-472
Published: November 01, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: December 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe notion that difficulty in behavioral inhibition is the essential impairment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) has been prevailing. In this study, we assessed impulsive behaviors with regard to emotion, rule, and inattentiveness, by developing an impulsiveness scale and applying it for 103parents of a boy with AD/HD. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of 18 items identified four primary factors: labeled emotion expression, social rule, rule in conversation, and inattentiveness. A covariance structural analysiswas performed to extract response bias from latent constructs, and the fitness of the model was examined. In the finallyadopted model on impulsive behaviors, the four factors extracted in EFA was explained by two independent second-order latent variables: labeled general impulsivity and cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment significantly influenced on inattentiveness only, while general impulsivity on all the four factors. Furthermore, the scores of primary four factors were compared between two groups of a normal class group (n=20) and three AD/HD subtypes: combined type (n=37), predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type (n=14), and predominantly inattentive type (n=18). Theresults suggest differences in impulsive behaviors among the AD/HD subtypes.View full abstractDownload PDF (730K) -
Yoko Kado, Satoshi Sanada, Masafumi Yanagihara, Tatsuya Ogino, Kiyoko ...2004 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 475-480
Published: November 01, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: December 15, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) is applied to various types of neurological disorders. Since WCST requires the examinee's sustained efforts, it is not readily applicable to children with developmental disorders. In order to overcome this weakness, Keio version WCST (KWCST) was developed by reducing the number of cards from 128 to 48 and presenting them in two steps separated by a short pause. During which a brief instruction was given. This study was performed to clarify the changes with age in indices of KWCST and to obtain the normative value. Three hundred thirty five normal subjects, ranging from 5 to 82 years of age were examined. A simple regression analysis showed a significant age-related changes. Subjects between the middle thirties and the middle forties showed the best score in such indices as the categories achieved, perseverative errors of Nelson, difficulties of maintaining set, numbers of response cards until the first category achieved, and total errors. Most of the scores were improved in the second step across the all age groups, which might have resulted from learning during the first step and the instruction provided before the second step. KWCST can be performed briefly, and is suitable for cases with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and pervasive developmental disorder.View full abstractDownload PDF (743K) -
Keiko Hirano, Hideo Aiba, Katsuhiko Oguro2004 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 481-486
Published: November 01, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: December 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between developmental disabilities and brain perfusion patterns. We performed technetium-99 m-ethylcysteinate dimer (99m-Tc-ECD) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in 30 children with neurological disorders using the Patlak plot method. In children without developmental disabilities, the distribution of regional cortical perfusion evolved in relation to brain maturation. At one month of age, there was a predominant uptake in the perirolandic cortex. Radionuclide uptake in both the parietal and occipital cortices became evident by three months. Uptake in the temporal and frontal cortex increased by 6 and 11 months, respectively. Brain perfusion showed a pattern similar to that of adults by two years of age at the latest. In children with developmental disabilities, developmental changes of brain perfusion were delayed compared to normally developing children. Brain SPECT is a useful tool to assess the brain maturation in children with developmental disabilities.View full abstractDownload PDF (4837K) -
Kentaro Okamoto, Mitsumasa Fukuda, Ritsuko Shigemi, Tomohiko Takaoka2004 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 487-491
Published: November 01, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: December 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlthough adenovirus type 3 is a common pathogen of pediatric infection, there have been few reports on encephalitis and encephalopathy caused by this virus. We report two cases, one of acute encephalitis and another of transient encephalopathy, associated with adenovirus type 3 infection. Case 1, an 11-year-old boy with unconsciousness and convulsions, was diagnosed as having acute encephalitis because adenovirus type 3 was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid. Case 2, a 3-year-old boy with intermittent excitement and hallucinations, was diagnosed as having transient encephalopathy. MRI, EEG, and cerebrospinal fluid studies were normal. Our cases and previously reported cases exhibit a wide clinico-pathological spectrum of the central nervous system involvement by adenovirus type 3.View full abstractDownload PDF (602K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]2004 Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 496-501
Published: November 01, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: December 15, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (793K)
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