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Volume 7, Issue 3
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Toshiaki ABE1975 Volume 7 Issue 3 Pages 174-180
Published: May 01, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDemyelinating disease, for example, multiple sclerosis, and its relation to hypersensitivity to central, nervous system antigens have been studied for more than 30 years.
However, despite many efforts and a elaboration of methods, no correlation between antibodyproduction and clinical manifestation of disease has been demonstrated. On the other hand, the chemical and immunological properties of the encephalitogenic basic protein, Al (mol. wt. 18000) from central nervous system have been extensively studied.
The amino acid sequences of human and bo vine central nervous system basic protein (Al) have been determined. This strongly basic mole cule has been shown to have a open conformation or random coil. The antigenic determinants responsible for its ability to induce EAE have been localized in discrete peptide fragments.
Sensitization with peripheral nervous system tissue or myelin produces EAN. Recently, the chemical and immunologic properties of the two basic protein from peripheral nervous myelin (PI and P2 have been investigated).
P1 protein from rabbit seems to have the same amino acid sequence as Al protein from rabbit. On the other hand, P2 protein is present only in peripheral nervous system and its stereic confor mation and amino acid sequences were quite different from Al protein or P1 protein.
I am going to try a short review on these specific protein chemistries and discuss on the some relationships between these proteins and demyelinating diseases in this present paper.View full abstractDownload PDF (821K) -
Congenital AnomaliesKazushige NAKAMURA1975 Volume 7 Issue 3 Pages 181-189
Published: May 01, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCritical period on congenital anomalies of the CNS is covered stages of organogenesis, histogenesis and functional maturation. On the present study, a few malformations of the brain are studied on morphological differentiation.
1) Organogenesis:
a) Anencephaly; Etiology of anencephaly is guessed mainely it cause by a reopenning of the neural tube i.e. exencephaly, but author supeculate some of anencephaly develop from a type of holoprosencephaly. One of characteristic signs of human anencephaly is abnormal vascular proliferation in the CNSi. e. area cerebrovasculosa which proliferate from the telencephalon toward the spinal cord.
b) Holoprosencephaly; Each type of holoprosencephaly is classified according structural resemblances of the brain, since the brain may fail to cleave sagittally into the cerebral hemispherese. holo-ventriculus, transversely into the telen cephalon and diencephaloni. e. their hypoplasia or dysplasia, and horizontally into the rhinencephalon and others i. e. arhinencephaly.
2) Histogenesis:
a) Heterotopy of neuroblasts or spongioblasts; On cases of heterotopy in the telencephalon and cerebellum, origin of the cells is studied from the point of view of maturation in the matrix.
b) Coreformation; Author has compared experimental core formation in the rat-fetus brain with human porencephaly or minimal brain damage.
3) Hydroencephalodysplasia:
A pattern on types of hydroencephalodysplasia is made up following with relationship between CSF and abnormality in the brain.
Furthermore, EEG of major brainmalformations is studied with a view to origin of electric activity in the brain.View full abstractDownload PDF (2292K) -
Yoshio MORIMATSU, Takeshi SHINOHARA, Haruo MATSUYAMA, Mashuko FUNABASH ...1975 Volume 7 Issue 3 Pages 190-201
Published: May 01, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) Of severe cerebral palsy 32 cases were classified into three groups based on neuropathological observation, group A, B and C. Group A is characterized by the destructed brain. Twenty cases belong to this group and originate in the perinatal or postnatal period. Group B demon strates brain malformation and originates in the prenatal period. Group C is miscellaneous. Progressive metabolic or degenerative diseases are classified into this group.
In this presentation group A is focused.
2) Predominant findings is group A are as follows; cystic brain, widely spreading sclerosis of the white matter, atrophy of the anterior half of the cerebrum, status marmoratus of basal ganglia, marked changes of the thalamus and severe deterioration of the cerebellum.
3) The cystic brain and wide-spread sclerosis of cerebral white matter demonstrate “acerebrate state” clinically and flat pattern or slow wave dysrhythmia electrically. Atrophy of Ammon's horn and deterioration of dorsomedial thalamic nucleus may correlate mental retardation.
4) In the thalamus dorsomedial nucleu and dorsal or medial portion of lateral nucleus are predominantly involved. Non-specific thalamic nuclei such as centre median are better preserved than specific nuclei.
5) In the brain stem cases of infantile spasm demonstrate atrophy of the pons and midbrain, and dysmyelination, spongy state and gliosis in the tegmentum. Nerve cells are preserved relati vely.View full abstractDownload PDF (5761K) -
Kazuyoshi WATANABE, Kimiko HARA, Katsuhiko IWASE1975 Volume 7 Issue 3 Pages 202-212
Published: May 01, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe sleep cycle organization, EEGs, visual evoked responses (VER), and auditory evoked responses (AER) were studied in the following disorders of development during the neonatal period.
1. Anencephaly (one case). Two phases of sleep, active and quiet sleep, could be identified, although sleep cycle organization was poor.
2. Hydranencephaly (one case). Polygraphic study revealed cycling of two phases of sleep with one sleep cycle being 49 minutes, although the EEG was isoelectric.
3. Congenital hydrocephalus. 1) Arnold-Chiari malformation (two cases) 2) Dandy-Walker syndrome (two cases) 3) congenital hydrocephalus with agenesis of corpus callosum, arhinencephaly, hypoplasia of optic nerve and cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle (one case).
4. Holoprosencephaly (semilobar type) (3cases). Although the EEGs in the neonatal period were highly characteristic and abnormal, the VERs and AERs showed wave forms consistent with the conceptional age in one case.
5. Other cerebral dysplasia. 1) microcephaly and abnormal celluar architecture of the cortex. 2) septum pellucidum cyst and neonatal convulsion 3) tuberous sclerosis (one case).
6. Intrauterine growth retardation 1) hypoplastic group a) Cornelia de Lange syndipme (one case) b) 18-trisomy (two cases) c) low birth weight dwarfism with congenital ptosis (one case) d) familial mental retardation with congenital cataract e) craniosynostosis, meningoencephalocele, umbilical hernia and midfacial hypoplasia (one case). 2) malnourished group, small-for-dates in fants of toxemic mothers. The EEG showed dela yed maturation, while the VER and AER were usually normal.
7. Developmental retardation due to perinatal disorders.View full abstractDownload PDF (2081K) -
Kazuie IINUMA1975 Volume 7 Issue 3 Pages 213-221
Published: May 01, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn phenylketonuria, an improvement of EEG findings was observed in 5 of 7 cases after the treatment with a low phenylalanine diet. The EEG findings were deteriorated by the phenylalanine load.
In hypervalinemia, the EEG abnormalities such as spike discharges improved on a low valine diet, but were aggravated on an unrestricted diet. In these disorders, the brain dysfunction seemed to be mainly based on excess of metabolites.
In vitamin B6 dependent convulsion, seizure discharges disappeared immediately after administration of vitamin B6. It was assumed that both excess of glutamate and lack of GABA might cause brain dysfunction in this disorder.
In phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase deficiency, hypsarhythmia improved after intra muscular administration of ACTH and activity of this enzyme increased synchronously. One of the effects of ACTH on hypsarhythmia seemed to be related, to some extent, to an elevated enzyme activity.
In Tay-Sachs disease, EEG showed low amplitude fast waves at the early stage, and slow waves mixed with seizure discharges appeared after about 1 year of life, and EEGs had tendency to be of low voltage after about 2 years of life, and the EEG became flat later.
In globoid cell leukodystrophy, EEGs were almost normal at the early stage, the slow waves and seizure discharges gradually increased with the progress of the illness.View full abstractDownload PDF (979K) -
Hideo HIRATSUKA, Kodai OKADA, Yasuo SUGANUMA, Masahiro OHATA, Matsutai ...1975 Volume 7 Issue 3 Pages 222-227
Published: May 01, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSResults of brain scanning carried out with Tc-99m pertechnetate in children were reviewed, and its diagnostic accuracy and value were discussed. One hundred and seventy eight brain scans were carried out in 136 infants and children for the last three year period. The complete absence of morbidity incident to brain scanning and the apparently negligible radiation hazard have led to an increased use of this procedure on pediatric patients.
The positive scan results with regard to the nature of the lesions are ; tumors 91%, infections 62%, vascular lesions 44%, traumas 50%, subdural hematomas 95%, congenital disorders 24%. The diagnostic value of brain scanning was assessed on each patient as compared withother laboratory tests such as skull x-ray, EEG, cerebral angiography and pneumencephalography.
We conclude that scans are the most useful in brain tumors including posterior fossa tumor, focal infections such as brain abscess and subdural empyema, subdural hematoma, some of congenital disorders and vascular disorders. Scans are the least helpful for convulsive disorders, degenerative diseases and head injury in the acute phase.View full abstractDownload PDF (713K) -
Ihre Pathogenese and mogliche klinische BedeutungenAkira HORI, Masaaki MATSUSHITA, Reiji IIZUKA1975 Volume 7 Issue 3 Pages 228-234
Published: May 01, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEs handelte sich urn Microectopien bzw. -hete rotopien oder sogar “Dysgenesien” in“Carrefour insulo-temporo-hippocampique”. Die Microectopien (-heterotopien) wurden in ftinf Erwachsenenfdllen als Zufallsbefunde gefunden, wdhrend sie schon bei Feten im gleichen Ort hdufiger (38.5%) gefunden wurden. Wenn irgendwelche pathologische Elemente, so zum Beispiel Triso mie usw., zusdtzlich als fordernde Faktoren hin zukommen wiirden, konnte man eine M6glichkeit ermuten, daß die Ectopien in die tumorosen Dysgenesien umgestaltet wurden. they may be called “dysgenesias” in “Carrefour insulo-temporo-hippocampique” (or Ammon's horn-amygdala region on the histologic prepara tions) were dealt with. These microectopias were found in five adult cases as occasional findings, while they were more frequently (38.5%) found in human fetal brains. If some factors, for example, trisomia and so on, would play some roles as promoting factors against the occasional ectopias, the possibility might be assumed that they would change to tumorous dysgensias.View full abstractDownload PDF (3727K) -
[in Japanese]1975 Volume 7 Issue 3 Pages 235-240
Published: May 01, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1048K) -
[in Japanese]1975 Volume 7 Issue 3 Pages 241-244
Published: May 01, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (643K)
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