Periosteal osteosarcoma (PO) is a rare variant of osteosarcoma that arises on the surface of bones from the deep layer of the periosteum. It most commonly affects the long bones of the extremities, and its involvement in jaw bones is extremely rare. PO is an intermediate-grade tumor, and its prognosis is usually better than that of conventional intramedullary osteosarcoma (CIO). However, care should be taken to differentiate PO from other surface bony tumors that could simulate its clinical, radiographic or histopathological features. This report reviews current knowledge of this particular tumor that has profound significance to specialists in oral and maxillofacial surgery, radiology, and pathology as well as oral medicine.

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Murine macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1)α gene transfection into human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (HSC3/MIP-1α) was examined for its effects on cell growth and cytokine mRNA expression. The human oral carcinoma cell line HSC3 was transfected separately with a control plasmid and an mu-MIP-1α expression vector. Immunocompetent BALB/c mice were inoculated into the back skin with the cells. Primary tumor growth and tumor immunogenicity were investigated, and morphological analyses were carried out. HSC3/MIP-1α cells synthesized relatively large amounts of MIP-1 protein, whereas the HSC3/vector mediated control did not synthesize MIP-1 protein or mRNA. Further, it was shown that the HSC3/MIP-1α culture supernatants showed chemo-attraction to macrophages. In vivo, the tumorigenicity of HSC3/MIP-1α was significantly reduced in BALB/c nu/nu mice when compared with vector transfection alone. In addition, histological examination showed that numerous MAC-1 positive cells were recruited to the HSC3/MIP-1α mediated tumor nests after 10 days, whereas no such activity was seen in the controls. These results indicate that liposome-mediated MIP-1α gene transfection is efficient for MIP-1α protein synthesis of tumor cells. Although the gene transient efficiency was available for only a limited period, MIP-1α gene transfection reduced tumor size. The present technique, which must still be further developed, may provide stable integration efficiency of a foreign gene for use in long-term gene expression.

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A 62-year-old female visited our hospital complaining of a swelling in her right cheek. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a well-demarcated solid tumor, 2 × 2 cm in size, on the outer side of the right masseter muscle, located apart from the parotid gland. We suspected malignant lymphoma using fine-needle aspiration cytology, and an open biopsy was performed. Histologically, proliferation of atypical small cleaved lymphocytes was seen around the enlarged lymph follicles. Residual salivary duct epithelium was detected within the lesion. In immunohistochemical staining, these tumor cells were positive for CD20, CD79a and bcl-2, but not positive for CD10, CD3, and CD45RO. We diagnosed the tumor as mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma arising in an accessory parotid gland. According to the histological diagnosis, radiotherapy was done and the patient had complete remission. However, forty-three months after treatment, she had a recurrent tumor in the inguinal lymph node.

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