Organ Biology
Online ISSN : 2188-0204
Print ISSN : 1340-5152
ISSN-L : 1340-5152
Volume 23, Issue 1
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
  • Editor
    2016 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 2-5
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Message from new president of JSOPB
    Takashi Kenmochi
    2016 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 6-7
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Takehide Asano, Kazufumi Suzuki
    2016 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 8-20
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Recent progress of regenerative medicine is largely attributable to the discovery of genomic reprogramming. Reprogramming provides transdifferentiation capability and even pluripotency to mature cells. We have found a stem cell formation from mature pancreatic acinar cells by specific growth factor treatment in mouse. The changes in gene expression were somewhat suggestive of dedifferentiation or early phase of carcinogenesis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is also related to both embryogenesis and carcinogenesis. Pathology of chronic pancreatitis is typified by degenerative change of acinar area and granuloma formation. Pathologically granuloma is determined as newly-grown compensatory tissue, but here we propose another etiology, a consequence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition; i.e., the granulomatous tissue may be originated from reprogrammed somatic stem cells. Cylopamine, an inhibitor of Sonic hedgehogh(SHH) pathway, is an effective carcinostatic drug and its mechanism is thought to be a suppression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Metformin, a diabetic drug and SHH inhibitor, has also shown a hopeful anti-cancer effect. Clinical and research experiences lead us to a presumption that organ failure is an outcome of epithelial-mesenchymal transition caused by “reprogramming in vivo”. In other words, to control “reprogramming in vivo” may prevent the progress of organ failure. Japan Society for Organ Preservation and Biology consists of researchers in not only transplantation surgery but also basic medicine, precision engineering, pharmacy, and life sciences. Authors wish this review may open up a novel research filed of the Society member.
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  • Tomoyo Takeuchi, Masayuki Noguchi, Yasushi Kawakami, Nobuhiro Ohkohchi
    2016 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 21-28
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Biobank is the facility for preserving and providing biospecimens such as human cells, tissues and blood with their clinical data. Every year the establishment biobank has increased all over the world. The human biospecimens are rarely provided for researchers who want to use them for life-science research in Japan; the preservation is done well, though. Recently the ethical guidelines for life-science research using of human biospecimens have been amended. Through this revision, researchers can be easy to use these human biospecimens than before. It is expected this will provide the chances to progress life-science research. The next step of banking the human biospecimens is to examine the quality of the samples and to prepare the standard operating procedure. It is also extremely expected that biobank will be the basis for research toward the highly advanced medical technology.
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  • Hirofumi Noguchi
    2016 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 29-32
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Islet transplantation is a promising option for the treatment of patients with type 1 diabetes that experience hypoglycemic unawareness despite maximal care. The National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Disease established the Collaborative Islet Transplant Registry(CITR)to compile data from all islet transplant programs in North America from 1999 to the present. Recently, CITR 2012 Annual Report is publically available and can be downloaded at www.citregistry.org. The CITR Annual Report shows that the infusion of 500,000 IEQs over all infusions is associated with improved outcomes. The purpose of this review is to show recent progress in clinical islet transplantation for the treatment of diabetes.
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  • Moto Kajiwara, Satohiro Masuda
    2016 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 33-38
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    It is well acknowledged that adequate dosage adjustment of immunosuppressive drugs is essential for the graft survival after organ transplantation. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and adverse reactions of immunosuppressive drugs. Therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM)is a methodology of measurement of blood concentration of drugs and their metabolites, and is evaluated as to be a useful technology maintaining the blood level of immunosuppressive drugs within the narrow therapeutic range. In clinical daily TDM, several methodologies to measure the blood levels of cyclosporine, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and everolimus are available in Japan. Most of measurement methodologies of immunosupressive drugs are the indirect-immunoassay with the specific monoclonal antibodies against drugs with their unique instruments. However, we should pay attention to cross-reactivity of each monoclonal antibody with some metabolites of immunosuppressive drugs to avoid overestimation of the measurement data of blood concentration. Therefore, the target concentration range of each drug should be determined for each assay system.
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  • Mitsuhiko Miyamura, Kohei Jobu, Junko Yokota
    2016 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 39-45
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Metabolomics, one of the ‘-omics’ technologies that involve modern chemical instruments and chemometrics analysis, is used to characterize the compositional patterns in samples. We examined whether several clinical problems could be identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics analysis. It has been reported that dogs are capable of identifying cancer in humans by detecting a specific odor. We examined whether bladder cancer could be detected by GC/MS-based metabolomics analysis of urine odor. Our findings indicate the potential to screen bladder cancer by analyzing this odor. The eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester (EPA-E) formulation is a drug derived from fish oil. Some EPA-E formulations have a unique odor that depends on the manufacturing process and the type of sardine raw materials used. This odor is thought to affect the compliance of some patients. Here, we report our assessment of the odors for several EPA-E formulations using GC/MS analysis. The GC/MS measurements revealed the presence of 1-heptadecanal and 1-eicosanal in some formulations, which are presumed to be oxidation decomposition products. We observed differences between formulations in the score plots as a result of modified metabolomics analysis. The odors arising from decomposition products may therefore influence the compliance of patients.
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  • Akino Wakasugi
    2016 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 46-52
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Of 627 physicians targeted by Japan Kampo Medicines Manufacturers Association (JKMA) as part of “Factual Investigation on Prescription of Kampo Medicines 2011,” 89% prescribed Kampo medicines on a daily basis. The department that ranked the highest in prescribing Kampo medicines was Obstetrics and Gynecology (97%), followed by Internal Medicine (96%), Surgery (95%), Neuropsychiatry (92%), and Orthopedics (90%). Thus, the majority of the departments ranked high (above 90%). However, the results of a questionnaire survey administered by Nikkei TRENDY to 1000 doctors asking, “Will you take Kampo medicines when you fall sick?” 31% of them take Kampo medicine positively, 39% - not basically, and17%- not at all. That is, majority of the doctors answered, “No, I do not take Kampo medicines.” The reasons were “poor evidence” and “ambiguous diagnoses.” Although Kampo is a traditional Japanese medicine, it is not completely appreciated owing to negative impressions such as “poor evidence”, “unscientific”, and so on. On the other hand, manufacturers often promote health foods or cosmetics, taking advantage of their positive impression such as “less side effects”, “mild effects”, and so on. In this review, the outline the details of Kampo medicine and highlight the accumulated evidence concerning Kampo in an attempt to clearing the misunderstanding about Kampo. It is required that doctors and pharmacists promote high-quality clinical practice and research by adopting a viewpoint on Kampo medicine to uphold this traditional medicine.
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  • Motonobu Satoh, Nozomi Sugihara, Takuo Kosaka
    2016 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 53-61
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Here we introduce the protocol for cell cultures of various types of cells from surplus tissues of hyperdactylia. The remnant polydactylous finger tissues arose by surgeries were obtained from the medical organization in Japan under the strict supervision of institutional research review board in accordance with ethical guidelines. The samples (skin, adipose, bone, etc.) were provided as fresh tissues or frozen samples immersed in cryoprotectant. The skin pieces were digested with dispase, and were separated into epidermis and dermis. From epidermal tissues treated with trypsin, keratinocyte and melanocyte cultures were established. From dermis, fibroblasts were obtained ether by collagenase treatment and by explant cultures. In addition, keratinocytes intermingling in dermal cultures could be isolated. The adipose tissues were treated with collagenase, and preadipocyte cultures can be obtained. We also cultivated bone-derived cells. Each cell culture was confirmed to exhibit the specific characteristics of each cell type. Thus surplus tissues of hyperdactylia are potential bioresources to establish cultures of various cell types for life science researches.
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  • Hiromichi Obara
    2016 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 62-63
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [in Japanese]
    2016 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 64-65
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [in Japanese]
    2016 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 66-68
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [in Japanese]
    2016 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 69-71
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [in Japanese]
    2016 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 72-73
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [in Japanese]
    2016 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 74-75
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [in Japanese]
    2016 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 90
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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