Although the
Chlamydia genus causes many human diseases, the clinical characteristics of otolaryngeal
Chlamydia infections are not yet elucidated. The genus has two species:
trachomatis and
psittaci.
C. trachomatis, which was originally associated with trachoma and lymphogranuloma venereum, is now recognized as the most common cause of sexually transmitted diseases. In our study, 26.2% of patients with tonsillitis had
C. trachomatis isolated from the tonsillar crypts. Generally tonsillitis due to
C. trachomatis is not severe and develops to recurrent or lingering tonsillitis. We reported recurrent acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion due to
C. trachomatis. In some cases,
C. trachomatis was detected by immuno-fluorescence method andantibodies to the agent by micro-IF test in themiddle ear fluid. The immune complex appears to be important role of the pathogenesis.
C. psittaci infections are usually associated with pneumonia. A continuing source of human infection is pet birds. However, recently reported were a series of respiratory tract diseases due to
C. psittaci spread from human to human.
In this paper, microbiology, diagnostic and therapeutic problems have also been reviewed.
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