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Volume 41 (1998)
- Issue 6 Pages 556-
- Issue 5 Pages 440-
- Issue 4 Pages 330-
- Issue 3 Pages 192-
- Issue 2 Pages 106-
- Issue 1 Pages 6-
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Volume 34 (1991)
- Issue 6 Pages 595-
- Issue 5 Pages 507-
- Issue 4 Pages 385-
- Issue 3 Pages 261-
- Issue 2 Pages 113-
- Issue 1 Pages 5-
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Volume 31 (1988)
- Issue 6 Pages 757-
- Issue 5 Pages 613-
- Issue 4 Pages 425-
- Issue 3 Pages 273-
- Issue 2 Pages 127-
- Issue 1 Pages 9-
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Volume 41, Issue Supplement1
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Toshiko Mamiya, Yuka Kondo, Akihiko Takasu, Shigenobu Iwata, Mayumi Ko ...1998 Volume 41 Issue Supplement1 Pages 3-7
Published: August 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe ventilation of the paranasal sinuses is essential for the aerosol inflow. But the ventilation between the nasal cavity and the maxillary sinus has not been made clear enough. In this study, we measured the differential pressure between the nasal cavity and the maxillary sinus by using our new hydrodynamic technique.
Increasing in the frequency of alternations, the values of differential pressure, and the rate of exchange in the maxillary sinus content were increased. Furthermore, the speed of flows in the ostium were estimated from exchange rate in the maxillary sinus.
We simultaneously measured the nasal cavity and the maxillary sinus pressures during quiet breathing in human subjects. The enlarged maxillary ostium and additional counter opening at the inferior nasal meatus markedly increased the differential pressure of the maxillary sinus.
It was suggested that the ventilation between the nasal cavity and the maxillary sinus increase, as the flow rate of fluid passing through the nasal cavity increase, and also that when the respiration frequency is a little increased, the exchange rate of the content of the maxillary sinus between the nasal cavity and the maxillary sinus markedly increases.
From these results, it is considered that flow conditions through the nose might affect exchange rate in the maxillary sinus content.
It may be desirable to increase the air flow rate in the nasal cavity and to make the maxillary ostium and the counter opening large enough in order to introduce a number of aerosol particles inside the maxillary sinus.View full abstractDownload PDF (588K) -
Hiroshi Takano, Yukinori Kanemura, Shuji Nishina, Masayuki Ito, Noboru ...1998 Volume 41 Issue Supplement1 Pages 8-12
Published: August 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo determine suitable conditions for aerosol inhalation therapy, particle deposition efficiency especially at the larynx was investigated by using a modified larynx model with the epiglottis and vocal cords. The particle deposition has been analyzed intensively at different angles of glottal aperture, breathing flow patterns, and particle diameters. From the numerical results, the particle deposition efficiency at the vocal cords was found to obviously dependent on those parameters, and show the maximum at the particle diameter of 8-10 micrometer when breathing was shallow and the angle of glottal aperture was narrow. However, at a wider angle of glottal aperture, large amount of inhaled particles was transferred into the lower airway, and the particle deposition efficiency at the epiglottis varied slightly with the height of the epiglottis. In conclusion, when considering the same tendency observed between several numerical analyses mentioned above and the experimental results obtained using mono-dispersed carbon particles, this modified larynx model is proposed for qualitative evaluation of local deposition efficiency of inhaled particles.View full abstractDownload PDF (1155K) -
Yoshinobu Sato1998 Volume 41 Issue Supplement1 Pages 13-16
Published: August 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIntranasal availavility of a propellant-free, hand pump jet MDI sample aerosols (ketotifen fumarate) was aerosologically demonstrated.
(1) Particle size distribution was microscopically observed. The mean particle diameter of the aerosols was 35.1 Atm (GSD : 1.528), which is optimal for the intranasal clinical use.
(2) Intranasal distribution of the aerosols was studied quantitatively by the use of a nasal cast and HPLC method. The results obtained were satisfactory for a nasal spray.
(3) Intranasal collection efficiency of the aerosols demonstrated using the same nasal cast and HPLC method was 86.1%, which indicated that this sample was an excellent intranasal MDI.View full abstractDownload PDF (547K) -
Toshio Ohgoshi, Nobuo Usui1998 Volume 41 Issue Supplement1 Pages 17-21
Published: August 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have reported the effect of nebulization, jet nebulizer and ultrasonic nebulizer on the concentration of various antibiotics. In this paper, we examined the concentration of Fosfomysin Sodium (FOM) and Cefmenoxime Hydrochloride (CMX) after nebulization. Two kinds of nebulizer were used : one was jet type nebulizer and the other was ultrasonic nebulizer. Each of 0.5 m/ solution of the antibotics was collected before nebulization and every 15 minutes after nebulization. For both antibiotic solutions, the antibiotic concentration increased after nebulization regardless of the nebulizer used (jet and ultrasonic).View full abstractDownload PDF (539K) -
Kotaro Ukai, Kazuhiko Takeuchi, Sawako Masuda, Chikahisa Ohkawa, Norik ...1998 Volume 41 Issue Supplement1 Pages 22-26
Published: August 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of histamine and antigens on the permeability of macromolecules through the nasal mucosa in allergic guinea pigs was investigated with a histochemical technique using horseradish peroxidase (HRP). We found that the ratio of the number of intercellular spaces penetrated by HRP to the total number of intercellular spaces of the nasal epithelium in nonallergic groups was increased dose-dependently by histamine challenge. The HRP reaction products in the intercellular spaces in allergic groups were significantly increased by challenge with histamine at 5.4 × 10-4 mol/L and 5.4 ×10-2 mol/L, in contrast to nonallergic groups. We conclude that histamine increases nasal mucosal permeability, and this effect is most likely mediated by a functional change in the epithelial tight junctions.View full abstractDownload PDF (605K) -
Masaki Sakai, Jun Mori, [in Japanese], Tadao Nishimura, Kenji Kawakats ...1998 Volume 41 Issue Supplement1 Pages 27-30
Published: August 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied bacterial contamination of nebulizers and the efficacy of air filters in reducing such contamination. We began by investigating contamination when nebulizers were used without a filter. NF-GNR and fungus were detected at 5 sites in the nebulizer solution of nebulizers in which the drug solution is placed before use. NF-GNR was also detected in the nebulizer air supply at all 5 sites, while Corinebacterium was detected at 4 sites, CNS at 4 sites, and Xanthomonas at 1 site. Furthermore, NF-GNR was detected in the inhaled aerosol at all 5 sites and CNS was detected at 1 site.
Next, tests were conducted at 15 sites to detect bacteria in the aerosol from a nebulizer of the same type fitted with an air filter. No bacteria were detected at any site, indicating that the air filter effectively reduced contamination.
The findings of this study support the use of air filters at institutions without specific anticontamination measures. No bacteria were detected when nebulizers were fitted with an air filter, demonstrating the effectiveness of this measure. In conclusion, nebulizers in which the drug solution is placed before use can be used with a considerable degree of safety if an air filter is fitted.View full abstractDownload PDF (821K) -
Takashi Komiya, Satoru Koyama, Youichi Ishizuka1998 Volume 41 Issue Supplement1 Pages 31-36
Published: August 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe use of CMX in nebulizer therapy was permitted in September 1996, and hence we have recently conducted a questionnaire survey on the current situation regarding the use status of antimicrobial agents, criteria for selection and use conditions of nebulizer (time required for a single treatment, starting age, duration of the therapy, other drugs used together, any examination/treatment provided before starting the therapy, and instruments employed). The subjects for the survey were 199 otorhinolaryngologists in Japan including mainly those working or practicing in areas surrounding Mizonokuchi Hospital of Teikyo University. The respondents were 142 in total (including 88 medical practitioners, 32 working for hospitals, and 12 working for clinics), for a reply rate of 71.4%. For use conditions of nebulizer, the results obtained were almost the same as those obtained 8 years ago. As a result of approval, CMX has emerged as No. 1 of the antibiotics used. The survery also revealed that such drugs as fosfomycin, new quinolones, etc. which were not previously available are in use.View full abstractDownload PDF (1024K) -
[in Japanese]1998 Volume 41 Issue Supplement1 Pages 37-42
Published: August 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1104K) -
Mikio Yagisawa1998 Volume 41 Issue Supplement1 Pages 43-44
Published: August 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe modernization of aerosol therapy began with the publication by Bergson of a report on steam inhalation based on Bernoulli's Principle using a device which became the predecessor of the jet nebulizer. This was followed by the development of various atomizers in the west. In Japan, the use of aerosol therapy on a full scale began in 1949 with the publication of “A Study of Rhinitis and Sinusitis Chemotherapy” by Nishihata et al. Since then, atomizers have come into widespread use in this country.View full abstractDownload PDF (295K) -
Yuichi Majima1998 Volume 41 Issue Supplement1 Pages 45-49
Published: August 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDeposition of inhaled particles in the respiratory tract is determined not only by the physical characteristics of the particles, but also by the nature of the airflow in the various regions. The particles whose aerodynamic diameter (ADD) is more than 5 μm are deposited by the inertial impaction. The aerosol deposition by the inertial impaction is related to Stokes number.
Large part of the aerosol particles with ADD exceeding 8 jim are deposited in the nose especially in the most anterior part of the nasal cavity so called “nasal valve”. The nasal valve is framed by nasal cartilages and its cross sectional area is the smallest in the nasal cavity. An introduction of a nasal adaptor of an aerosol generator through this region may enhance the aerosol deposition in the nasal turbinates and meatus.
The aerosol particles are deposited in the paranasal sinuses only when the pressure gradient is applied between the nasal cavity and the sinuses. A large pressure gradient is obtained by Valsalve maneuver, Toynbee or Tolitzer methods in combination with an air pressure produced by an aerosol generator. The particles with ADD ranging from 1 to 10μm are capable of depositing in the sinuses.View full abstractDownload PDF (805K) -
FOCUSING ON INSTRUMENTS AND MEDICAL AGENTSYoichi Ishizuka1998 Volume 41 Issue Supplement1 Pages 50-58
Published: August 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe discussed nebulizer treatment now and for thefuture, focusing on instruments and medical agents.
Concerning medical agents, cefmenoxime hydrochloride (CMX) has been authorized for use in nebulizer treatment for sinusitis since September 1996. FOM is being examined for its use as a nebulizer agent, and clinical studies are also being conducted for LFLX. Medical agents like CMX, which are autholized for use in nebulizer treatment, will be the main drugs in the future.
Concerning instruments, according to the recent survey, ultrasonic-type nebulizers are used by 34.9 of the otolaryngologists. Usual jet-type nebulizers which can generate smaller particle aerosols have also been developed.
We expect that developement and improvement in nebulizer instruments will continue to progress in the future.
Taking anaphylactic reaction into consideration in the use of CMX as a nebulizer agent, we should be aware of any long-term problems that may arise.
As specialists, we should keep expanding the research on sinopulmonary treatment system in order to establish the nebulizer treatment method.View full abstractDownload PDF (2412K) -
Eimei Yonekura1998 Volume 41 Issue Supplement1 Pages 59-67
Published: August 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA questionary about present and the future view of nebulization therapy was sent to 1, 042 medical practitioners who were chosen at random from 14 districts in Japan. The purposes of the questionary are to investigate the economic effect, safety and precautions for nebulization therapy, considerations to the environmental assessment, and considerations to near-future transrespiratory tract nebulization therapy.
The results revealed that (1) the economic effects are appreciated well, (2) there will be no great changes in the economic effects, (3) safety measures are being taken although not perfect, (4) considerations to environmental assesment is not sufficient enough at present, and (5) considerations to near-future transrespiratory tract nebulization therapy is very poor.View full abstractDownload PDF (1049K) -
Makoto Oda, Hirotaka Osafune, Takeshi Naito, Hirofumi Takahashi, Yoshi ...1998 Volume 41 Issue Supplement1 Pages 68-72
Published: August 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe nebulizer therapy as treatment for respiratory infections diseases dawned in the early twentieth century in the western countries. After that, by discovery of penicillin, nebulizer therapy using the antibiotic was extensively accepted as a treatment for bacterial infections diseases, and it was also used as a treatment for bronchial asthma, bronchitis and lung abscess. In our country, nebulizer therapy was introduced just after World War II, and it have become a treatment which is covered by social insurance since 1951. Since then, the nebulizer therapy was extensively employed in ENT clinics as non-surgical treatment for chronic sinusitis. However, we could not have a proper antibiotic for nebulizer treatment until 1996 when cefmenoxime hydrochroride was admitted as a drug covered by social insurance. Cefmenoxime hydrochroride is effective against some bacteria but not against other bacteria.
Therefore approval of more antibiotics is hoped for.
The nebulizer therapy has been believed as a treatment specialized by ENT physicians. Conclusively, it is stressed that we should have more skillful technique which can be carried out only by ENT physicians.View full abstractDownload PDF (802K)
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