Oral Science International
Online ISSN : 1881-4204
Print ISSN : 1348-8643
Volume 4, Issue 1
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
REVIEW ARTICLES
  • —Symptoms, Diagnosis, Classification, and Related Disorders—
    Katsuhiro Toda
    2007 Volume 4 Issue 1 Pages 1-9
    Published: 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) causes sudden, usually unilateral, severe, brief stabbing recurrent pains in the distribution of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve. Radiological examination is not required, however, patient interview and physical examination are necessary for diagnosis alone. When a patient is diagnosed with TN, an MRI is recommended to exclude tumor, cyst or multiple sclerosis, irrespective of the patient's age. From the etiological viewpoint, TN is classified into primary or idiopathic TN and secondary or symptomatic TN. From the symptomatic viewpoint, TN is classified into typical TN and atypical TN. Atypical TN, trigeminal neuropathy, pretrigeminal neuralgia, and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) are also described.
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  • Katsuhiro Toda
    2007 Volume 4 Issue 1 Pages 10-18
    Published: 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Neurovascular compression at the root entry zone accounts for more than 80% of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) cases, but not all patients with TN have neurovascular compression. Many non-TN subjects have neurovascular contact at the root entry zone. TN is reported to occur in 0.9% to 4.5% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). In patients with TN, 1.7% to 15% of patients suffer from MS. The reported range for patients with TN due to tumors is from 0.8% to 11.6%. Because carbamazepine may relieve pain temporarily, relief of pain with carbamazepine does not exclude the diagnosis of a tumor or cyst. There are the peripheral cause theory, central cause theory, peripheral origin central pathogenesis theory, and multiple factors theory in the pathology of TN. Dental pain and/or treatment may trigger TN. Alveolar cavitational osteonecrosis may also cause TN.
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  • Yasutaka Kubota, Kanemitsu Shirasuna
    2007 Volume 4 Issue 1 Pages 19-27
    Published: 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Keratocystic odontogenic tumors have a high level of proliferative activity in epithelial cells and they tend to grow aggressively in the jaw. The tumor dramatically decreases in size by decompression of the intracystic fluid pressure. We herein focused on the roles of interleukin (IL)-1α and demonstrated the biochemical mechanisms of the tumor growth. We found that IL-1α is strongly expressed in the lining epithelial cells of the tumors, and the intracystic fluid levels of IL-1α are significantly higher than the levels of the other inflammatory cytokines of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The expression of IL-1α in the epithelial cells decreases after the marsupialization of the tumor. In vitro experiments also reveal that positive pressure enhances the expression of IL-1α in the tumor epithelial cells in culture. IL-1α stimulates the production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and activates the released proMMP-9 by increasing the expression of proMMP-3 and plasminogen activator urokinase (u-PA) in the tumor epithelial cells. In the fibroblasts isolated from the tumors, IL-1α increases the expression of proMMP-1, proMMP-2, and proMMP-3. IL-1α also activates proMMP-2 by inducing the expression of membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) synergistically with type I collagen. Furthermore, IL-1α increases the expression of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in the fibroblasts. The COX-2 synthesizes prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and the secreted PGE2 stimulates the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), while neither IL-1α nor PGE2 affects the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the fibroblasts. The fibroblasts express Ca2+-sensing receptor (CasR) on the cell surface, and extracellular Ca2+ activates COX-2 expression via the CasR. A strong relationship may thus be present between the intracystic fluid pressure and IL-1α expression in epithelial cells, and the released IL-1α may play a crucial role in the growth of keratocystic odontogenic tumors by stimulating proteolytic enzyme production and osteoclastogenesis.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
  • Kunio Yoshizawa, Shinichi Nozaki, Hiroko Kitahara, Teruhisa Ohara, Kor ...
    2007 Volume 4 Issue 1 Pages 28-37
    Published: 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Intrinsic or acquired resistance to cisplatin (CDDP) is a problem for its use in cancer chemotherapy. This resistance has been reported to correlate with expression of the human copper transporter 1 and two copper export pumps, ATP7A and ATP7B. In the current study, we investigated the correlation between the expression of these transporters and sensitivity to CDDP using four cell lines derived from each of high invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and low invasive OSCC. We found that the amount of CDDP accumulated in high invasive OSCC cell lines (Yamamoto-Kohama criteria: grade 4C and 4D) with strong intrinsic tolerance was lower than in low invasive OSCC cell lines (grade 3) with weak intrinsic tolerance. Additionally, overexpression of ATP7B mRNA in cell lines derived from high invasive OSCC conferred low sensitivity to CDDP. Furthermore, the accumulation and sensitivity of CDDP was higher in HOC313 cells transfected with the ATP7B siRNA than in cells transfected with the nonsense siRNA. These results suggest that the overexpression of ATP7B results in the export of and, therefore, resistance to CDDP. Furthermore, ATP7B may be a key determinant of the intrinsic resistance to CDDP.
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  • Yoshiko Inoue, Tsuyoshi Sugiura, Ryousuke Matsuki, Kotaro Ishii, Katsu ...
    2007 Volume 4 Issue 1 Pages 38-44
    Published: 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We investigated whether the expression levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), uPA receptor (uPAR), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) correlate with clinicopathological features of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We immunohistochemically examined the expression levels of uPA, uPAR, and PAI-1 in 160 biopsy specimens of oral SCC. Positive stainings for uPA, uPAR, and PAI-1 were observed mainly in SCC cells, and their intensity and number of positive cells were related to lymph node involvement (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). The expression levels of uPA and uPAR were also related to the pattern of invasion (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively), while both were associated with tumor size (p < 0.05). Moreover, a poor survival rate was related to the expression of uPAR (p < 0.01) and PAI-1 (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that the uPA system may regulate the invasion and metastasis of oral SCC cells.
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  • Shigehiro Abe, Satoshi Yamaguchi, Teruo Amagasa
    2007 Volume 4 Issue 1 Pages 45-58
    Published: 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The human tooth with immature apex is a developing organ available for investigation. In this tooth, especially in the apical pulp, the proliferation and differentiation of various cells are activated to make a complete tooth. We investigated the notion that unique cells are included in the apical pulp of human tooth with immature apex. Human impacted third molars with immature apex freshly extracted for orthodontic reasons or treatment were obtained. Histological analyses revealed that BrdU-incorporating cells and cells positive for the mesenchymal stem cell markers SH2 and SH3 were located in the same region. The cells from the apical pulp of a human tooth with immature apex, designated here as apical pulp-derived cells (APDCs), can be cultured easily in vitro under ordinary serum-supplemented culture condition. The expression of surface markers of expanded APDCs is similar to that of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, except for CD49d (α4-integrin). APDCs differentiated into mineralized cells, adipocytes, chondroblasts and neural cells in vitro. APDCs have a high capacity for proliferation and multilineage potential in vitro. Our results indicate that human tooth with immature apex is a precious tissue source for the research of human adult stem cells and for the advancement of dental and regenerative medicine.
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