Ear Research Japan
Online ISSN : 1884-5797
Print ISSN : 0288-9781
ISSN-L : 0288-9781
13 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の99件中1~50を表示しています
  • 佐藤 喜一, 斉藤 武久, 宮崎 巨
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 1-4
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    The term of soft surface preparation is a new word, but not a new method. Nomura and Hiraide (1968) and Axelsson (1968, 1971) had already used the same method, that was a technique of surface preparation for the decalcified cochlea.
    Authors have performed to obtain the surface specimen of the cochlea after the decalcification with Plank-Rychlo's solution and/or EDTA solution and to clarify the following results. The soft surface preparation of the cochlea have advantages of obtaining the continuous specimens of the cochlea and decreasing of the artifact. And also, it has possibility of observing the pathway of microvessels in modiolus, spiral ligament, stria vascularis, osseous lamina, round window membrane and ossicles.
  • Göran Bredberg
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 5-7
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Göran Bredberg
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 8-9
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
  • DOMINGGUS MANGAPE, YASUO HARADA, NOBUHARU TAGASHIRA
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 10-18
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    Microdissection have been used in attempt to observe the inner fluid spaces that the organ of corti has. By using this method, structures exposed into this fluid spaces could be examined and recorded under scanning electron microscope. A group of guinea pigs were treated with intraperitoneal inlection of streptomycin 250mg/kg/day and another group were given kanamycin 400mg/kg/day. Both groups were treated for 10 days, and than decapitated following the day of the last inlection. Microdissection using a small double-sided adhesive tape was used. This method is simple, easy to perform and provides a good possibility to observe the lateral wall of the space of Nuel. Our previous findings in the studies of normal nerve endings of outer hair cells were reviewed as the control. Although there were clearly evidence of ultrastructural changes in the cilia and their hair cells, nerve endings on the lower pole of outer hair cells seemed to be resistance to the effect of streptomycin or kanamycin. Further studies are in progress at our department to solve more this problem.
  • 尾股 丈夫, 小針 啓生, 安斉 友博, 佐藤 洋子, 相川 通, 大内 仁
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 19-21
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    The afferent and efferent nerve endings of the outer hair cells of the rabbit and the guinea pig were investigated electron-microscopically. The rabbit: In the afferent nerve endings, the partially thick and dense membranes on either side of the synaptic cleft were observed. In the efferent nerve endings, synaptic vesicles were concentrated at some sites opposite the synaptic cleft and in some places of the synaptic cleft there were gaps (0.16-0.68μm) which contained small vesicles. The findings of the afferent and efferent nerve endings of the guinea pig were the same as that of the rabbit.
  • 安田 範夫, 橘 正芳, 水越 治
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 22-25
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    In spite of the recent remarkable progress of research in the cochlea, little is known about the kinetics of its component cells. Toelucidate it, Feulgen-DNA cytofluorometry was applied to the cochlea. A piece of Reissner's membrane and a sheet of hair cells free from supporting cells were prepared carefully and spread on a glass slide. For the latter tissue, it was necessary to separate the cells from each other to avoid the interference of fluorescence. The tissues were stained with Azocarmin G and acriflavin-Feulgen. Azocarmin G not only blocked nonspecific fluorescence but also made it posible to distinguish the aimed cells from others. After post-irradiation, the amount of Feulgen-DNA in the cells of Reissner's membrane and that in the hair cells comparing them to that in the cerebellar internal granule neurons. According to the results, all the component cells of Reissner's membrane andthe hair cells appeared to have typical diploid G1 characteristics.
  • 石井 哲夫, 森口 幸子, 岡 良己
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 26-27
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    Melanin pigment is known to distribute in the modiolus, stria vascularis, dark cell areas, endolymphatic sac and other part of membrane of the labyrinth. The melanin appears first in the wall of scala vestibuli of 18 week-old fetus. It accumulates increasingly in the various parts of inner ear according as the fetal age proceeds.After birth, the melanin deposits reached the maximum in the labyrinthof one-year old infant. Therefore, melanin deposits are parallel to the development of labyrinth. In the adult inner ears, unusual melanosis occurs in the stria vascularis. Melanocytes migrate in the inner ear with labyrinthitis.
  • 中江 進, 橘 正芳
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 28-33
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    To study the possible involvement of diabetes mellitus in the hearing organ, the cochlea of the NOD (a new animal model of juvenile diabetes mellitus) was examined electronmicroscopically.
    The main pathological changes were observed in the vascular stria. The marginal cells degenerated, protruding into the endolymphatic space, and swelling of the intermediate cells was also observed. However, the capillaries in the stria remained fairly normal.
    In the basal turn of the cochlea, the organ of Corti also showed pathological changes. The outer hair cells were lost only leaving the cuticular lamina.
    In general these findings were similar to those of the KK mouse (another diabetic animal). The degree of degeneration of the cochlea was severer in the present animal. It was most likely that the diabetes mellitus involved the cochlea, especially the vascular stria, where active glucose utilization takes place, through the impairment of glucose metabolism.
  • 橋本 省, 高坂 知節, 朴沢 孝治, 柴原 義博, 新川 秀一, 河本 和友
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 34-36
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    To observe the three-dimentional ultrastructure of the cochlear vasculature, the corrosion casts of the cochlear vessels were examined in scanning electron microscope. A commercial resin (Mercox) was injected to the ascending aorta of a human and twelve guinea pigs after complete perfusion with the clot disperser solution. The temporal bone was removed and macerated in 20% sodium hydroxide solution. After cleaned in 5% trichloroacetic acid solution and coated with gold, the casts were observed in HITACHI S-450.
    In the human, the cochlear branch of the vestibulo-cochlear artery, the spiral modiolar artery, the anastomosis of these two vessels and their ramifications were observed but the radiating arterioles were not visible in the present material. On the other hand, in the three guinea pigs out of twelve, the spring coil like structure of the radiating arterioles and the networks of the vessels of the stria vascularis were clearly observed. The present observations of the corrosion casts of the cochlea revealed further details of the three-dimentional relationships of the cochlear vasculature.
  • 永井 知幸, 東野 哲也, 井手 稔, 永井 みどり, 松元 一郎, 森満 保
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 37-38
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    Tripsin-HCl method (Uehara) was applied to the lateral cochlear wall of guinea pig for the scanning electron microscopical study of the innerstructure. Capillaries in the spiral prominence is intimately covered by the thick cytoplasmic processes of pericytes mosaickened the entire surface of the vessels. This feature is specific to the vessel and undoubtedly different from the capillaries in the stria vascularis and spiral ligament. These vessels are covered by the fine mesh-like architecture of cytoplasmic processes extended from the longitudinally oriented pericytes. The peculiar feature of external sulcus cells are also observed which has been reported by J. A. Duvall with three dimensional reconstruction technique at electron microscopical level.
    It is suspected that these structures may play some role in resorption and secretion of the endolymph and could support the radial flow theory.
  • 阪上 雅史, 松永 亨, 橋本 一成
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 39-42
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    It is generally believed that the stria vascularis capillary is permeable to intravascularlly administered horseradish peroxidase (HRP) by active vesicular transport. In the present study, in order to examine the existence of some direct pathway across the endothelium, HRP was intravascularlly injected concominant with the fixative after 30 minutes' perfusion fixation in the guinea pig. Leakage spots of HRP from capillaries were sparsely located all over the stria vascularis. In the leaky segment the endothelial basement menbrane was densely stained with the traser. In the endothelium of this segment there were regions in which many labeled micropinocytotic vesicles were gathered, which suggested formation of transendothelial channel. And, moreover, a single isolated endothelial fenestra was sometimes observed in the leaky segment. These results indicate that there exists a passive direct pathway in the stria vascularis capillary. It is concluded that the transendothelial channel and the single isolated fenestra contribute to the high permeability of the stria vascularis capillary, in addition to the active vesicular transport which is generally accepted.
  • 新川 秀一, 柴原 義博, 橋本 省, 高坂 知節, 河本 和友, 神林 潤一
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 43-47
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    The permeability of the capillaries in the stria vascularis, spiral prominence and spiral ligament has been investigated using the horseradish peroxidase (HRP). This enzyme was infused into the anterior inferior cerebellar artery. The capillaries of the stria vascularis are permeable to HRP whereas the capillaries of the spiral ligament and spiral prominence are impermeable. In the stria vascularis, the diffusion of HRP is limited by the basal and marginal cells. The reaction products were observed in the intercellular spaces between the marginal, intermediate and basal cells. The pinocytotic vesicles with HRP were found within the capillary walls and the intermediate cells. When 2%, 0.4 ml HRP was administrated, the dense reaction products were seen in the stria vascularis 3 min after injection. The present results obtained by the selective arterial perfusion of HRP quite agreed with the previous reports by means of the systemic vascular administration.
  • 伊藤 明和, 鈴木 康之, 鈴木 浩二, 須賀 克己, 渡辺 祐介, 桜井 正二, 三宅 弘, 中島 務
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 48-51
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    From standpoint of the inner ear circulation, we discussed the inner ear function. The subjects for this investigation included many guinea pigs and we gave them many kinds of hypotensive and vasopressor drugs. And so, we measured the blood pressure, EP and oxygen tension in the inner ear. The fluctuation of EP is too little change as compared with oxygen tension and blood pressure fluctuation. We fluctuated the blood pressure, for example by the intravenous injection of Trimetaphan camsilate, Adrenalin and the like. After injection, we found the facts of interesting tendency to return for the first level after it indicated increase or decrease tendency in a certain degree. Of course, these situation of change had great influence on volume of drugs. In these standpoint, in relation of experimental data for autonomic nervous system, we can consider existence of factors that regulate the inner ear function.
  • 宮本 浩明, 辻本 俊弥, 松永 亨
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 52-54
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    With intraperitoneal injection of 0.16 mg/Kg Methoxamine Hydrochloride, experimental acute hypertension was made on the guinea pig. Blood pressure was measured with the physiological pressure tranceducer. The initial mean blood pressure was 50-60 mmHg and Methoxamine caused a rapid increase of 50-60 mmHg.
    When the blood pressure reached to the maximum pressure, guinea pig was sacrificed to collect the perilymph with the small glass capillary. Sodium and Potassium concentrations of the perilymph were determined with FML3 Flame Photometer.
    The results were these;
    Perilymph of the Scala tympani---Na+; 133.4±1.9mEq/L, K+; 14.5±0.9 mEq/L
    Scala vestibuli-Na+; 124.0±3.6mEgiL, K+; 20.1±0.7mEq/L
    Compared with the normal values of ions in the perilymphs, acute hypertension caused the increase of Potassium and decrease of Sodium. This results suggest the change of permiability of the Blood-Perilymph Barrier and these pathological change of the Blood-Perilymph Barrier may cause the disturbance of Homeostasis of the inner ear.
  • 血流速度に影響を与える要因について
    吉田 萬子, 大崎 勝一郎, 武田 恒雄, 藤田 彰, 荘 正郷
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 55-57
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    Recently, as to the causes of microangiopathy peculiar to diabetes, blood flow shows a tendency to be of great importance. In 23 cases of guinea pig studies using statistical techniques, we attained the following results regarding the correlations between velocity of the blood flow in the radiating artery of cochlea and plasma glucose level, serum total protein, hematocrit respectively. (1) The table of correlation matrix shows a significant correlation between plasma glucose level and velocity of the blood flow (P<0.05). (2) In 17 cases having less than 300mg/dl of plasma glucose level, we conducted multiple regression analysis to calculate velocity of the blood flow with the three predictor variables: plasma glucose level, serum total protein, and hematocrit. The coefficient of determination showed 69%. As we have seen, the plasma glucose level has the greatest effect on the blood flow velocity among the three variables: the plasma glucose level, the serum total protein, and the hematocrit in the group having less than 300mg/dl of plasma glucose level in carotid artery.
  • 中島 務, 伊藤 明和, 上田 幸夫, 渡辺 祐介, 三宅 弘
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 58-59
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    Motion pictures of the blood flow of the inner ear were taken through the round window membrane in guinea pigs. Blood vessels of the inner ear which could be observed through the round window membrane were mainly the vein of the round window (VRW) and its branches. These blood vessels could be observed without an operation on the inner ear. As the VRW encloses the round window at the side of the scala tympani, the round window was histologically sectioned to know the three-dimensional relation of the VRW to the round. window membrane. Moreover the round window was dissected to observe the blood vessels on the round window membrane using hematoxylin-eosin staining.
  • 田中 康夫, 浅沼 厚, 柳沢 慧二
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 60-62
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    Calcium ions are known to maintain the mechano-sensitivity in mudpuppy lateralline organs. Actions of these ions were investigated in guinea pig's cochleae. The calcium ions applied iontophoretically into the endolymph of the scala media augmented negative summating potentials, whereas cadmium ions, EDTA and neomycin suppressed them. N1 components of cochlear nerve action potentials tended to increase when calcium ions applied, or in some cases of magnesium, barium and strontium applications. The increase of N1 components did not relate to the change of microphonic potentials but it was related to that of the summating potentials. Calcium may act to regulate the mechano-sensitivity also in mammalian cochlear hair cells.
  • 神林 潤一, 草刈 潤, 荒川 栄一, 河本 和友, R. Thalmann
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 63-64
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    It is of particular interest to determine whether Rb can substitute for K in the active transport mechanism of the cochlea. In order to answer this question, perilymphatic perfusion and vascular perfusion with K-free and Rb-substituted media were done using 33 guinea pigs. Potassium-free perilymphatic perfusion led to a decline of the EP after latent period of about 3 min. and application of the Rb-substituted solution led to a substantial recovery. When the reduction of the EP due to K-free perfusion was not severe, subsequent perfusion with Rb-substituted solution completely restored the potential. Potassium-free vascular perfusion also led to a decline of the EP and the CM after latent period of about 30 min. and application of the Rb-substituted blood led to a substantial recovery of the both potentials. These two sets of data suggest that K can be replaced by Rb in the active transport mechanism of the cochlea.
  • 天野 一, A. Orsulakova, C. Morgenstern
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 65-67
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    The Cl--activity in the endolymph of the endolymphatic sac and in the cochlear duct were measured with Cl--sensitive double barrelled microelectrodes. The Cl--activity in the endolymphatic sac fluid was lower than in the cochlear duct. A small positive DC-potential was recorded in the endolymphatic sac. During anoxia DC-potential decreased and the Cl--activity in the endolymphatic sac increased. The K/Na ratio in the epithelial cells and subepithelial tissue of endolymphatic sac was measured by LAMMA ® technique. The K/Na ratio in the epithelial cells decreased after ethacrynic acid injection (60 mg/kg i. v.). These findings suggest that the ions in the endolymphatic sac are actively transported inwards and outwards.
  • 月山 昌夫, 磯島 愿三, 鈴木 隆男
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 68-70
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    We discussed several experiments examining the influence of masker levels and masker bandwidths on masking effects and suppression effects in backward and forward masking. The differences in masking effect and suppression effect observed in backward and forward masking were consistent with an interpretation that suppression resulted from a reduction of the effective level of first masker and masking was dominated by additional masking effect on higher second masker level.
    This conclusion of relation between masking and suppression processes were supported by a theoretical treatment.
  • 棚橋 汀路
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 71-73
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    2-tone suppression is observed in cochlear microphonic potentials of the human cochlea which are obtained by electrocochleography. The significant reduction of cochlear microphonic potentials takes place within only a relatively narrow frequency band and the frequency dependence is rather sharp. The frequency to produce maximum suppression (dip) is higher than the probe frequency but it is not found at a lower frequency. Dip frequency is systematically increased according to an approximately linear rule when the probe tone frequency increases. The ratio between dip and probe tone frequency is almost 2, 7. The effect of suppression is dependent only on the ratio of the intensities (P2/P1) for the specific intensities of the probe tone in this study. According to this experiment it is demonstrated that the basilar membrane motion of the human cochlea has nonlinear character. 2-tone suppression and combination tone in humans is produced by nonlinearity of the basilar membrane motion the same as the results observed in animal and mechanical model.
  • J. -M. Aran, R. V. Harrison
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 74-79
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 鈴木 衛, D. W. F. Schwarz
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 80-84
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    Neuronal responses in the primary auditory cortex of the chinchilla were recorded under deep anesthesia in order to define those response elements which may be useful for an assessment of cochlear function in a chronic preparation. Spontaneous activity was low; three types of tuning curves were found: narrow band, broad band and multiple tip curves. Tone stimuli yielded three types of intensity functions: monotonic, nonmonotonic and saturated functions. Poststimulus time histograms to noise stimuli exhibit a great variety of response patterns and response variability with changing intensity. It is concluded that only phasic on-responses to tone stimuli can be used to assess cochlear output in response to natural or artificial stimuli.
  • 大槻 好正, 大谷 巌, 相川 通, 佐藤 洋子, 安斉 友博, 大内 仁, 斉藤 武郎
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 85-87
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    White rabbits were treated with intramuscular injections of Tobramycin (TOB), Kanamycin (KM), Netilmicin (NTL) and Ribostamycin (RSM) at the dose of 50mg/kg to 200mg/kg for 30 consecutive days. The perilymph concentration of the drugs was determined with the bioassay method 4 hours after the last injection. Using the surface preparation technique hair cell damage was observed under a phase contrast microscope.
    The perilymph concentration of the group RSM 200mg/kg was about twice that of the groups TOB 100mg/kg and KM 100mg/kg, although the hair cell damage of the former was much less than that of the latter. There was no difference in the perilymph concentration in all the groups, though each was given doses of 100mg/kg respectively, but the ototoxicity differed in the order of TOB>KM>>NTL≥RRSM.
    It was concluded that the difference of the ototoxicity resulting from the aminoglycoside antibiotics is due to the difference of their own toxicity to hair cells and not to the difference of their accumulation in the perilymph.
  • 原 晃, 草刈 潤, 六郷 正暁, 荒川 栄一, 大山 健二, 河本 和友
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 88-91
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    Although the effects of KM on the AP amplitude or the CM were extensively studied in the past, the reports on the latency of AP is quite limited. The present study aimed to know the effect of KM upon the AP latency in relation to the AP amplitude. Twenty nine guinea pigs treated with KM were examined electrophysiologically and histologically, and following results were obtained. The initial effect of KM was the depressed AP amplitude of low signal intensity part with normal latency. In the next stage, the AP amplitude of all signal intensities was depressed with normal latency or the amplitude was depressed and the latency was prolonged in low signal intensity. The amplitude and latency in all signal intensities became abnormal in the final stage. The electrophysiological results well correlated with the histological findings.
  • AN EXPERIMENTAL COCHLEAR AND VESTIBULAR STUDY IN THE GUINEA PIG
    Jean-Marie ARAN, Jean-Paul ERRE, Anne GUILHAUME, Catherine AUROUSSEAU
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 92-99
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 外リンパ腔灌流法による検討
    小宮 精一, 小野 寿之, 水田 康雄, 大島 渉, 橘 正芳
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 100-102
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    The ototoxicity of polyamino-compounds was exmined by means of perilymphatic perfusion, while monitoring cochlear microphonics (CM) as an indicator of ototoxicity. The selected polyamino-compounds were kanamycin, polymyxin B, poly-L-lysine, putrescine, and spermine; 10mM of each compound was perfused through the perilymphatic space, and ototoxicity was determined.
    Polymyxin B and poly-L-lysine caused the disappearance of cochlear microphonic potentials (CM) within 15 min after the start of perfusion. Both putrescine and spermine caused moderate depression of CM, however; it was not so severe as that caused by kanamycin.
    It was suggested that the ototoxicity of polymyxin B and poly-L-lysine was caused by their binding to the polyphosphoinositide receptor in much the same way kanamycin did. But the ototoxicities of putrescine and spermine did not seem to be concerned with polyphosphoinositide.
    Further study is necessary to understand the mechanism of the ototoxicity of polyamino-compounds.
  • 橘 正芳, Matti Anniko, Jochen Schacht
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 103-107
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    The perilymphatic perfusion of gentamicin Cla (10-2M) supressed cochlear microphonics by 62% within 30 min and decreased tne 32P-incorpo-ration into phosphatidilinositol diphosphate in the organ of Corti while that of the lateral wall of the cochlear duct remained unchanged. Ratios of the 3H-glycerol incorporation into neutral lipids and phospholipids were not affected by gentamicin in either of the tissues. The ultrastructure of the perfused cochlea was essentially normal except for occasional ntracellular precipitation line in the hair cells. these data together with other data strongly suggest that the inhibition of the polyphosphoinositides metabolism was the early and primary action of the aminoglycoside antibiotics in the cochlea.
  • 斎藤 等, 寺薗 富朗, 上出 一朗
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 108-111
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to find a better method than the toluidine blue method, which has already been reported, to predict aminoglycosides ototoxicities in vitro, other methods were investigated. Among the methods examined, acridine orange method, methylene blue method and turbidimetric method, the last was best. As for the stability and sensitivity, however, the toluidine blue method was better than the turbidimetric method so far. Complex formation between polyanions and aminoglycosides reduced the antimicrobial activity of aminoglycosides antibiotics although the concentrations of the polyanions tested were much higher, from 63 to 390 times, than the antibiotics used. This fact, however, must be borne in mind in case of the clinical use of polyanions.
  • 上出 一朗, 斎藤 等, 平杉 嘉昭, 大島 渉, 小宮 精一, 小野 寿之, 寺薗 富朗, 阿部 登, 大山 孜郎, 志多 享
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 112-114
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    An attempt was made to protect kanamycin ototoxicity by simultaneous application of heparin (HP), one of the strong polyanions. Mature guinea pigs with normal pinna reflexes were divided into three groups: control group, kanamycin (KM) group (200 mg/kg/day, i. m.) and KM plus HP group (0.5 orl U. /g/day, i. m.). The protective effect on ototoxicity was judged by pinna reflex, electrocochleography, cochlear microphonics and morphological investigation through SDH staining. A short term experiment with 23 times injections showed a protective effect of heparin against KM ototoxicity. However, a long term experiment with 50 times administrations revealed severer damages of the hair cells in the plus HP group than those in the group given only KM. These differences, however, were not statistically significant. In conclusion, HP can protect KM ototoxicity but the detoxication by KM-HP complex formation might be limited.
  • 大谷 巌, 大槻 好正, 相川 通, 佐藤 洋子, 安斉 友博, 大内 仁, 斉藤 武郎
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 115-119
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    It has been reported in rats and humans that the renal damage induced by aminoglycoside antibiotics is reduced by Fosfomycin (FOM). In the present study, it was investigated whether or not the aminoglycoside ototoxic effect is reduced by the combined administration of FOM. The aminoglycoside antibiotics used in this study were kanamycin (KM) and dibekacin (DKB), while rabbits and rats were used as the experimental animals. A protective effect of inner ear damage was not observed in combination with FOM, whereas evident effect for reducing the renal damage was observed, especially in rats. As the concentrations of DKB in serum and perilymph were remarkably decreased by the combined administration of FOM, it could be assumed that the combined use of FOM could possibly reduce the inner ear damage too. The decrease of antibiotic concentration may be attributed to the inhibition to the accumulation of DKB by FOM or to the acceleration of DKB excretion from the kidneys by FOM.
  • 神経微小管の変化について
    有馬 敏夫, 伊藤 正博, 吉田 雅文, 村塚 幸穂
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 120-122
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    Perfusions of the perilymphatic space were done with dilute concentrations of vincristine and colchicine. Electron microscopy of the intra-cochlear elements revealed only changes of the microtubules in the neural elements. Formation of the vincristine-induced paracrystal and reduction in number of microtubules by colchicine were observed both in the myelinated and the unmyelinated nerve fibres. These antimitotic agents did not affect the microtubules in the other elements of the cochlear. The posibility of the neural hearing loss induced by the anti-mitotic agents was offered.
  • 荒川 栄一, 草刈 潤, 六郷 正暁, 大山 健二, 原 晃, 河本 和友
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 123-125
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    Kainic acid, an anthelmintic extracted from seaweed, is a known neurotoxic agent and its effect upon CNS was widely studied. In the present study, the scala tympani of 13 guinea pigs was perfused with various dosages of kainic acid and its effects upon the AP and CM were examined. The CM was not affected by Kainic acid less than 2 nmol but when dosages more than 3 nmol was given, it was reduced by 50% or more in 5 out of 7 performances. The dose-dependent reduction was obtained in the AP amplitude. The intencity-function curve revealed that the initial change was the loss of so called “L-part”. As the dosage was increased, “H-part” was also reduced and finally no potential was recorded. Although the amplitude was severely depressed, the AP latency was not prolonged. The results obtained in the present study strongly suggest that the site of action of Kainic acid is in the cochlear neuron and the AP latency is not prolonged in neural deafness.
  • 佐藤 充, 野々村 直文, 込田 茂夫, 高橋 姿, 五十嵐 淑晴, 富樫 孝一, 中野 雄一
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 126-129
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    Ototoxity of the anticancer drug Cisplatin was studied by scanning electron microscope. Cisplatin was injected intraperitoneally to guinea pigs, and four dosage schedules were tried; (1) 9mg/Kg/day on days 1 and 8; (2) 5mg/Kg/day four times every four days; (3) 2.5mg/kg/day for 5 days, and one week after same dosage and duration; (4) 2.5mg/Kg/day for 5 days. The sacrificed group on the 5th day after the last injection (Group A) was compared with those on the 1st month after that (Group B).
    The changes in the organ of Corti were apparent in the outer hair cells. But the inner hair cells were almost intact. It took the scattered pattern at the early stage of the damage of the outer hair cells, and the damage of 1st row was most severe. A lot of damage of hair cells was to be seen in basal turn and lower 2nd turn. We considered that the cochlear hair cells on Cisplatin administration had morphologically an irreversible change, because the change of the cochlear hair cells of Group A was almost equal to that of Group B. The change of stria vascularis was also visible. Vestibular system (saccule and utricle) had little change.
  • 鳥谷 陽一, 平島 健二郎, 朝隈 真一郎
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 130-131
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    Guinea pigs were administered 12.5mg/kg of cisplatin intravenously and sacrificed 1-7 days lates. The ultrastructural changes of the cochlear hair cell, utricular sensory cell and dark cell were reported. At 4 days after the injection, the outer hair cells were began to degenerated but the inner hair cells were almost normal. At 7 day after the injection, the endolymphatic space was collapsed. In the utricular sensory cells type I, a few of degenerated sensory cells type I were observed at 7 days after the injection. In dark cell at 7 days after the injection, a few vacuoles were found.
  • 村上 嘉彦, 水島 昇, 水島 則夫, 石井 雍良
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 132-134
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    There are a number of drugs and chemicals which affect the inner ear to create temporary or permanent morphological alterations in auditory or vestibular systems. However, its true etiological mechanism or more detailed pathogenesis to manifest toxic effect on the inner ear following administration of these substances has still remained obscure, even when the aminoglycoside antibiotics that have been extensively used so far were given to human subjects or experimental animals. Furthermore, it has been known that there are considerable variations in the inner ear pathology from one to another depending on the ototoxic substances.
    It is the purpose of this paper to present several histopathological findings appeared in the organ of Corti of the guinea pig cochleae using various ototoxic drugs and chemicals and, by comparing with these findings, to discuss any possible explanations to interprete these morphological changes found in the organ of Corti of the cochleae. The drugs and chemicals with ototoxic effect on the organ of Corti used in this experimental study were: nitromin, hybrimycin (A & B), bromates and cisplatin.
  • 平島 健二郎, 朝隈 真一郎, 吉田 雅文, 有馬 敏夫, 鳥谷 陽一, 村塚 幸穂, 中島 恒彦
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 135-137
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    Many excellent papers about the ototoxicity of many chemical agents have been published. However it is sometimes difficult to compare their results each other because of the difference of the way of administration. In this paper we showed the effect of the difference of the administration on the ototoxic action using Nitromin and Cisplatin. Intravenous administration is better than intramuscular or intraperitoneal administration to get the constant ototoxic effect. We also presented how to make the intravenous administration via axillary vein of the guinea pigs.
  • 西條 茂, 河本 和友, R. S. Kimura
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 138-140
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    The distribution pattern of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the inner ear after injection into the middle ear cavity was studied using albino guinea pigs.
    1) HRP is found in the round window membrane, organ of corti, spiral ligament, vestibular sense organs, dark cell area and endolymphatic sac.
    2) No HRP is found in the stria vascularis.
    3) The distribution pattern of HRP in the labyrinth is similar for both injection routes, that is the middle ear cavity and scala tympani.
    4) The main route of HRP passage into the perilymphatic space from the middle ear cavity is through the round window membrane.
    Another possible route is the oval window.
  • とくに凍結マクロオートラジオグラフィー法の応用について
    村井 兼孝, 馬場 駿吉
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 141-144
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    The distribution of three nalidixic acid analogs (14C-Pipemidic acid, 14C-AM-715 and 14C-OPC-7241) to cochlea in rabbits was studied by macro-autoradiography and radiometry. Macro-autoradiography was performed 30 minutes after intravenous administration of 14C-labelled antimicrobic drugs in about 80μCi/12mg/kg. Radiometry was performed 30 minutes, 1 hour and 3 hours after intravenous administration of three drugs in about 20μCi/10mg/kg. Horizontal frozen sections parallel to mandibular basis were cut in 50μm thickness in a cryostadt. In autoradiograms, the blackening in cochlea is not so significant. Quantitatively, levels of 14C-labelled three drugs radioactivity in cochlea were low. Compared the above results, macro-autoradiography can be one of the useful means to evaluate the distribution of chemotherapeutic agents to cochlea.
  • 石田 孝, 朴沢 二郎, 鎌田 重輝, 木村 訓子, 宇佐美 真一, 上村 敏夫
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 145-147
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    The labyrinths of guinea-pigs sensitized by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were investigated by electronmicroscopy after challenging this antigen through the foram. stylomastoideum. Horizontsl nystagmus toward the contralateral side was observed about fifteen minutes after challenging. The animals sacrified in this stage did not show endolymphatic hydrops, however, particles of HRP were observed in intracellular vesicles and basal lamina of Reissner's membrane. This particles were took in dark cells of the stria vascularis, too. In the animals sacrified three days after challenging HRP, endolymphatic hydrops could be observed. These findings were not observed in the control study and suggested that hyperpermeability of the Reissner's membrane and hypersecretion of the stria vascularis induced by antigen-antibodyreactions were probable causes of endolymphatic hydrops.
  • 前山 拓夫, 斉藤 寿, 深水 浩三, 大山 勝, 溝井 一敏, 石井 哲夫
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 148-151
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    While inducing experimental sinusitis in 38 rabbits, five animals (13.2%) with impairment in the inner ear were observed. From the findings of their posture it was assumed that the impairment was considered to be bilateral in three cases and unilateral in two. As regards ABR examination, the sound level of 80dB (SPL) applied to the affected side did not evoke any clear response, indicating a high degree of auditory disturbance. From ENG of the same rabbits that were used in ABR tests, remarkable findings of spontaneous nystagpius was shown toward normal side. Histological examination of temporal bone specimens revealed that there were organ of Corti damaged in most of the coils, markedly injured Reissner's membrane and lamina tectoria. In the round window membrane and tympanic cavity, however, no signs of inflammatory lesions were seen. From these findings, it would be suggested that the pathological changes in the inner ear may be caused by allergic mechanism.
  • 実験的中枢変性症における聴覚系への影響
    稲福 繁, 滝本 勲, 犬塚 一男, 江夏 努, 杉山 貴志子, 森本 高弘, 川出 博彦, 原 誠彦, 吉川 兼人, K. Ohshima
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 152-153
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    A chronic relapsing form of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and neuritis was induced by single sensitization of immature and adult Hartley guinea pigs. Clinically, the disease was characterized by relapses. Among them, a few animals showed a severe hearing loss. Histological studies of their cochleae showed a severe loss of ganglion cells and hair cells. The organ of Corti was atrophied but stria vascularis was no changes. There was granular precipitate in scala media and scala tympani.
  • 岩佐 英之, William P. Potsic, Roger R. Marsh
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 154-155
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    The time course of maturation of the auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) has been reported. To study the contribution of myelination to this process, we administered phenylalanine and p-chlorophenylalanine to rat pups and compared the maturation of the early, middle and late components of their AEPs to those of their littermates. Reduction in response latency with age was retarded in the treated group, and latency prolongation with high stimulus rates was greater. If stimulated by paired clicks, the treated animals displayed more severe amplitude reduction and greater latency prolongation in their responses to the second click than did their littermates. The treated animals did not, however, differ appreciably in the waveforms of the responses, age of onset of the responses, or in response thresholds. It appears that observation of the effects of high stimulus rates or short interstimulus intervals may contribute to the assessment of demyelinaing disorders.
  • 種村 恭夫
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 156-157
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    Cochlear emulsion of outbred guinea pig (Hartley) is injected in the legs of inbred guinea pig (No2. N. I. H.)
    After several months of repeated injection, hearing test of electrocochleargram and histrogical examination show complete hearing loss and strong ossification around the cochlear. In a most advanced case, new bone invate deep in the endochondral layer of the cochlear bone and destroy the inner ear.
    Compare the high probability of ossification in the cochlear on the immunized animal with the non ossification on the controled nonimmunized one, ossification should be occured by the immunological method.
  • 小出 純一, 柳田 則之, 三宅 弘, 倉田 毅, 本藤 良
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 158-160
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    Herpes simplex virus was inoculated through the round window membrane into the perilymphatic spaces of the guinea pig labyrinth. Immunofluorescent studies revealed that the viral antigens appeared in various areas of the labyrinth. The viral antigens were seen in the perilymphatic, endolymphatic, sensory and ganglion structures of the injected side. Histopathological changes were correspondent with localization of the viral antigens, and characteristic morphological changes of the tectorial membrane were seen in some of the animals. Although there were slight or no pathological changes on the opposite side, the viral antigens were also detected with less fluorescent intensity in the endolymphatic, sensory and ganglion structures.
    Histopathological changes at the late stage of the viral infection were comfirmed after long-term observations. The neutralizing antibody titer after intralabyrinthine inoculation was studied compared with that after intraperitoneal inoculation.
  • ウイルス性内耳病変の検討
    田中 克彦, 平井 敏文, 末永 通, 福田 諭, 寺山 吉彦, 松宮 英視
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 161-163
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    The cochleas of 26 guinea pigs with intralabyrinthine inoculation of HVJ were investigated by electron microscopy. Among these, 8 guinea pigs received daily injections of cyclophosphamide (200-300 mg/kg) subsequent to HVJ inoculation. After varying survival period, the animals were sacrificed and their cochleas were processed for electron microscopy. Twelve out of 26 guinea pigs demonstrated viral lesions which were mainly localized in the lower basal turn. The present study also revealed that both stria vascularis and Reissner's membrane were preferentially infected by HVJ. In the former, the intermediate cells were least resistant whereas the basal cells were most resistant to HVJ infection. In the latter, the epithelial cells were less often affected than the mesothelial cells.
  • 八木 伸也, 大村 正樹, 牧本 一男, 加納 直行
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 164-166
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    Furosemide, as a loop diuretic, causes a transient decrease of endocochlear potential (EP) in guinea pig. Many parameters, such as maximal decrease percentage of EP etc., have been tried to analyse the decrease of EP caused by furosemide. In cochlea, furosemide may interfere with a enzyme process which is a part of EP generation pump. When an analytical method of chemical process is applied to this EP decrease, more qualitative analysis of EP generation is possible. In this experiment, we recorded EP in 42 adult guinea pigs with aid of microelectrode technique in response to furosemide (20mg, 30mg, 40mg, 50mg/Kg). Values of EP decrease to furosemide can be shown by the following experimental equation.
    Y=L (1-e-r (x-a))……(1) All of EP responses showed good fitting to the acquired experimental equation. This means that furosemide blocks an enzyme process of EP generation in a way of first order reaction.
  • 大山 健二, 草刈 潤, 六郷 正暁, 荒川 栄一, 原 晃, 河本 和友
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 167-169
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    Ototoxicity of ethacrynic acid was investigated by measuring endocochlear potentials (EP), whole nerve action potentials (AP) and cochlear microphonics (CM) in 19 guinea pigs. Ethacrynic acid induced EP depression decreased AP and CM amplitude without significant change in AP latency. In AP-input-output functions, disappearance of the so-called L-part was found in several cases after ethacrynic acid treatment. Results indicate that AP and CM in ethacrynic acid intoxication decreases mainly as a result of EP depression, although the possibility of another cochlear inhibiting mechanism still remains.
  • 上田 幸夫, 伊藤 明和, 伊藤 道雄, 渡辺 祐介, 三宅 弘, 中島 務
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 170-172
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    Using guinea pigs of ca. 250gr., the endolymphatic oxygen tension was measured by the polarographic principle.
    The experiment was performed by inserting oxygen sensitive Pt microelectrodes into the scala media via stria vascularis.
    The endolymphatic oxygen tension was 45.79±3.26 mmHg (means±SD) in 17 animals.
    It decreased after asphyxia for one minute, increased after recovery of breathing, and recovered to the original level after overshooting.
    In animals treated with Furosemide 60mg/kg via the femoral vein, the endolymphatic oxygen tension showed increase for ca. 10 minutes.
    Ep and blood pressure were also measured and discussed.
  • 大村 正樹, ラファエル ヨアシュ, 八木 伸也, 加納 直行, 牧本 一男
    1982 年 13 巻 1 号 p. 173-175
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2011/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    Furosemide, as a loop diuretic, induce a transient decrease of the endocochlear potential (EP) in guinea pig. In case of adult guinea pig, glycerol opens blood cochlear barrier and facilitates furosemide to reach its site of action in stria vascularis (Ohmura et al., 1981). From the developmental view of barrier in this experiment, EP of guinea pig neonate was continuously measured in two groups. In both groups 10-30mg/kg of furosemide was administered; in one group glycerol was administered 15 minutes prior to the injection of furosemide. The EP decrease by furosemide in neonate showed significantly higher than that in adult and was not potentiated even in glycerol pretreated group. These two results, higher EP decrease in neonate and no potentiation by glycerol, indicate that neonate has still immature function of the blood cochlear barrier.
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