応用物理
Online ISSN : 2188-2290
Print ISSN : 0369-8009
26 巻, 5 号
選択された号の論文の8件中1~8を表示しています
  • 加瀬 滋男
    1957 年 26 巻 5 号 p. 179-185
    発行日: 1957/05/10
    公開日: 2009/02/09
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 孫野 長治, 織笠 桂太郎, 岡部 弘
    1957 年 26 巻 5 号 p. 186-190
    発行日: 1957/05/10
    公開日: 2009/02/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    A method of measuring the charges on single raindrops and snowflakes is stated. The method by a vacuum tube electrometer is simple, and is suited very well for field observations under thunderstorm or snowfall, using the method, charges on single raindrops and snowflakes were observed throughout 1954 and 1956 at Kiryu, Yokohama and Sapporo, simultaneously with their sizes and electric field intensity.
    Following results are obtained,
    a) Under active thunder clouds, a definite reverse relation exists between the sign of the charge on precipitation elements and that of the surface field, except during a short period when the sign of field changes.
    b) During a quiet rainfall or snowfall, the field sign does not change, but the reverse relation is still observed. On the basis of the results, it is considered that only when the field intensity under the cloud base is large compared with the charge on precipitation elements within the clouds, the falling elements suffer a change in charge as a result of selective ion capture according to Wilson's induction mechanism, obtaining the charge of different sign from that of the surface field.
  • 西山 善次, 藤田 広志
    1957 年 26 巻 5 号 p. 191-198
    発行日: 1957/05/10
    公開日: 2009/02/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    Etch pits in aluminium have not always one-to-one-correspondence to dislocations, they are affected by the etching condition, the surface condition and impurities contained. The linear arrangement of pits along slip bands which is seen on a heavily worked specimen is considered to be due to the surface condition, because it is general that it does not appear after the surface layer is removed by a subsequent electropolishing.
    The pit has the form of a circular cavity at the beginning of growth, but when it becomes the size greater than several hundred Å in size, it is angular so that the type of the pit can be determined. In most cases it has an etching germ, around which there are seen fine contour lines. These lines suggest that the etch pit is formed with a similar mechanism as in the case of the spiral growth of a crystal. Moreover, the growth rate of etching is quickest along ‹100› directions on {100} plane.
    On the fracture surface, there have been found abnormal pits named pit of the second kind, which are shallow and composed of complex planes having numerous fine rumples. The pits of this kind have edges parallel to those of the normal, but they have the form inverted from that of the latter.
  • 足立 武
    1957 年 26 巻 5 号 p. 198-202
    発行日: 1957/05/10
    公開日: 2009/02/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    The air-lock device for electron diffraction specimen holder described in the previous paper can also be applied to the camera of electron microscopes and electron diffraction. A cylindrical housing with closed bottom which hold photographic plates slides air-tightly half way into the camera case. The plate is pushed out for exposure by a rod through the bottom of the housing. A cap of the same outer diameter as that of the housing is provided with a push rod sliding through the opposite wall of the camera case. After the exposure is made, the plate is withdrawn into the housing to which the cap is fitted by means of the push rod making an air-lock chamber, the housing part of which is then pushed further out of the camera case rendering the interchange of plates possible without disturbing the vacuum inside the camera.
    With this device, (1) a compact electron microscope camera can be built without complicated mechanism, thus reducing the cost of production, (2) the air-lock is easily made and pre-evacuation becomes unnecessary because of the smallness of air-lock chamber and (3) by turning the rod that holds the plate, oblique exposures can be made enabling the adjustment of crosswise magnifications when used as a reflection microscope.
  • 金井 昌邦
    1957 年 26 巻 5 号 p. 203-206
    発行日: 1957/05/10
    公開日: 2009/02/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    The colour of pearl (body colour) depends on the organic matter which lies between the pearl layer and the nucleus. Overrating of chemical analysis brought forth the erroneous conception that the luster is caused by pigments contained in the pearl layer. A device has been made to determine the body colour and the surface colour separately. When a pearl is cut in two and the nucleus and organic matter removed, the remaining shell layer, whether originally yellow, blue or green, appears light orange and gives a spectrophotometric curve of permeation common to all pearls. However, when seen with naked eye, it may appear green, purple, red or else by the scattering of light. By attaching a suitable substance to the inside of the shell, any desired body colour can be realized which would open up the way of controlling the colour of cultured pearls.
  • 小穴 純
    1957 年 26 巻 5 号 p. 206-210
    発行日: 1957/05/10
    公開日: 2009/02/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    Positive ophthalmic lenses of the Punktal type, stigmatically corrected for an object plane at infinite distance, are often misused for a presbyopic eye to facilitate the viewing of near objects, with the result that these lenses show an astigmatic defect of considerable magnitude.
    The ideal lens for presbyopia must be corrected, with respect to astigmatism, for an object plane at near distance, say 300mm from the lens. The designing method for these lenses is described and the designed results are tabulated. The results cover the range of ophthalmic power (expressed in diopter, D) from +0.25 D to +8.75 D in steps of 0.25 D each, and in each power three thicknesses and three refractive indices of material glass, i.e. nine variations are included. Thus the total number of the lenses designed amounts to 314.
    The designing calculation is carried out in the final course of the present work by an electronic computer FUJIC of Fuji Photo Film Co.
    The designing principle can be successfully applied on the designing of auxiliary lens attachments for photographic objectives used in close-up photography.
  • 南雲
    1957 年 26 巻 5 号 p. 210
    発行日: 1957/05/10
    公開日: 2009/02/09
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 佐藤 金司, 井坂 昌夫
    1957 年 26 巻 5 号 p. 211-212
    発行日: 1957/05/10
    公開日: 2009/02/09
    ジャーナル フリー
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