The purpose of this study was to examine the psychological processes of families whose members have joined destructive cults and to comprehensively understand the families from the viewpoint of the Ambiguous Loss Theory. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 families. As a results, the psychological processes of families was organized from the viewpoint of interaction between the family and the said person, and it is inferred that the process goes through the stage of awaring the said person's involvement of the cult, and the stage of deteriorating the family relationship. This research also inferred that each stages affect each other with the negative experience caused by cult involvement. In addition, this research found that families have suffered with cult problems had experienced ambiguous loss. Up to the present, an ambiguous loss have been categorized into two types; however, based on the results of this research, using continuous indicators of "clear - unclear" rather than binary of "present / absent" is expected to be able to flexibly understand the current state of ambiguous loss.

The present study investigates the influence of utterance speed and pitch, two paralinguistic characteristics, on inference of personality, based on a two-stage inference hypothesis. The hypothesis assumes that traits from speech are inferred from paralanguage mediated by impression of speech. Participants were 49 native Japanese speakers who had normal hearing. Experimental stimuli were 9 speech tokens that had different speaking rates and pitches, which were created from an artificial voice. The experiment proceeded by having participants respond to 1 item after listening to each stimulus once. Items that asked participants about speech state impression and those that asked about personality were presented in different sections. Results of path analysis led to two models. The speech state impression formation model showed influence of paralanguage on impression formation of speech state. The trait inference model showed influence of paralanguage and formation of speech state impression on inference of personality. Thus, these results suggest that personality is inferred both directly from paralanguage, and indirectly from formation of speech state impression.

The concealed information test (CIT) is a forensic psychophysiological method that allows for the detection of memories that are related to criminal activity. This study examines whether suspects have participated in or have intention to take part in a terror attack. A total of 48 students were invited to participate. Participants in the "intention group" were asked to confirm the terror target with a map and photograph, and those in the "execution group" placed a simulated explosive at the target on the map. Each participant then completed two CITs. Results showed that the average skin conductance response to the critical question regarding the target photograph was significantly larger than that to non-critical items for both groups. Additionally, only participants in the execution group could distinguish the type of bomb used. These findings suggest that it is possible to differentiate between groups through the use of a critical item known only to those who have executed the crime. This information could be used to distinguish between suspects who participated directly or tangentially in a terrorist act.

The authors examined the effects of neighborhood commitment and atmosphere on antisociality as mediated by collective efficacy (CE) using a multilevel analysis. Stratified sampling was used to collect data from 3,451 students and 545 teachers from 26 junior high schools in 4 qualitatively different communities. CE was indicated by students based on their perceptions of neighborhood "informal social control" (ISC) and "social cohesion and trust" (SCT) in their communities and their social information processing denoted antisociality. Teachers assessed the antecedent indices regarding the community environments within their school districts. Multilevel structural equation modeling was used to analyze the neighborhood-level effects of the antecedents on antisociality via CE. The results revealed that antecedents indirectly inhibited antisociality via ISC at the neighborhood-level. SCT directly inhibited antisociality at the individual-level. Implications for community interventions were discussed.

This study aimed at creating scales for measuring organizational retaliatory behaviors that would occur as a result of friction or conflict in human relationships between nurses in hospitals and may adversely affect patients, and finding the relationship of the organizational retaliatory behaviors with the emotional commitments and feelings of self-esteem.With 1439 nurses participating the survey, this study established a cause-and-effect model where the factors for nurse organizational retaliatory behaviors namely "enervation," "unskillfulness," "self-indulgence" were dependent variables, and feelings of self-esteem, emotional commitments, and affirmative feeling were the primary causes. Then, using the Structural Equation modeling, we examined if the model matched with the data. As a result, it was confirmed that the model matched with the data (CFI=0.945, RMSEA=0.049), suggesting that the factors reducing the organizational retaliatory behaviors should be considered.

The purpose of this research was to examine the influence of internal working model on subjective well-being and interdependent happiness and the interactions between internal working models (consisted in secure, ambivalent, and avoidance). Two hundred ten undergraduates completed measures of Internal Working Model Scale (secure, ambivalent, and avoidance subscales), Subjective Well-Being Scale and Interdependent Happiness Scale. The results of hierarchical multiple regression indicated the interactions of secure, ambivalent and avoidance on subjective well-being. Furthermore, it indicated that interaction of ambivalent and avoidance on interdependent happiness. The result indicated that was shown that balance of each pattern of internal working model (secure, ambivalent and avoidance) affect to happiness. Results suggested the importance of examining the influence of interaction between secure, ambivalent, and avoidance on psychological health.

This is a study with regard to an effect on personal growth initiative and career exploration through verifying bilateral property of yaritaikoto-oriented (what one hopes to do) university students is having. It was carried out as an inquiry into yaritaikoto-oriented, personal growth initiative conducted to 289 of university students. As a result of factor analysis showed it was composed of two factors both work-yaritaikoto-oriented and life-yaritaikoto-oriented. And conducted study with pass analysis on the assumption that a model that may effect on self-understanding, information gathering and learn from others by career explanation through work-yaritaikoto-oriented and life-yaritaikoto-oriented. The analysis showed work-yaritaikoto-oriented brought positive effect on gathering, learn from others and self-understanding through personal growth initiative, on the other hand life-yaritaikoto-oriented brought negative affection directly on personal growth initiative and learn from others. In conclusion, the importance of fulfilling career support has been proposed based on the results of above-mentioned study.