In this paper, we derived the normal distribution from Gauss's empirical rules. Next, we assumed the error distribution to be a standard normal distribution, considered the simultaneous probability density of the measured values, performed maximum likelihood estimation, derived the least squares method, and showed that using the least squares method yields the arithmetic mean. Based on these mathematically derived results, we discussed several relationships among the arithmetic mean, normal distribution, and the least squares method. In particular, we presented ideas that can be further developed based on this process. We also demonstrated the handling of uncertainty in cuttingedge technology using easy-to-understand examples. We believe that this has provided a starting point for students to be mindful of high-level measurement in measurement engineering lectures and experiments at technical colleges.

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If junior high school freshmen start some sports or arts as club-activity without opportunity to be taught basic skills, what will happen in their future? We can formulate the following hypothesis; they can not only never become world-class players, but also never enjoy the sport or art in their daily lives, ultimately, they will quit the sport or art. The purpose of this paper is to explore the validity of this hypothesis with the results of a survey for first- to third-year students at National Institute of Technology, Oyama College.

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This paper contains a report on the activities of the project at National Institute of Technology, Oyama College in 2024. In the ROBOCON Project, we are training engineers through robot contests such as KOSEN ROBOCON. In the national competition in KOSEN ROBOCON 2024, we won top 8 of 26 teams.

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Micro-hydroelectric power generation is a term used to describe hydroelectric power generation systems with a generating capacity of 100 kW or less, and is a method of generating electricity using a small flow of water. Compared to conventional hydroelectric power generation, which requires large dams, micro-hydroelectric power generation is attracting attention as a renewable energy source because it has less impact on the environment. Furthermore, if the components can be made labor-saving, maintenance and operating costs can be kept relatively low. The objective of this study was to recharge mobile batteries with a small amount of water. Experimental results showed that if the flow velocity could always be maintained at 3.8 L・min^－1 or higher, power generation of 5V or higher would be possible. Next, the charging performance was verified. It was found that a mobile battery with only an input port and a power requirement of 12 W could generate more than 12 W because it was capable of charging. However, mobile batteries that support input and output could not be charged. These results suggest that the generation capacity of this study is femto-generation.

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The second-year students in the Department of Materials Chemistry and Bioengineering conduct experiments in groups of 4 to 5 members assigned by attendance number, with group members remaining unchanged since their first year. Recently, two issues have emerged in the second-year student experiments. The first is the bringing of smartphones into the laboratory and their use during experiments. The second is the fixed division of roles. Since calculations are required during experiments, students acting as “calculators” have emerged within groups, and situations where the same person always performs the calculations have been observed. Efforts to resolve these two issues began in the latter half of this academic year. This report details the content and current status of these efforts.

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With the widespread use of smartphones for a quick word search, coupled with declining English-Japanese dictionary usage in junior high school classes, less than forty percent of the new students are familiar with nglishJapanese dictionaries. Moreover, in their Kosen life—where Wi-Fi is available and some classes often require the use of electronic devices—using a paper dictionary may seem outdated. Despite this new era and environment, the author has continued using paper dictionaries for vocabulary activities in “English I” to encourage students to learn English vocabulary more actively. This paper details the methods of the dictionary activities conducted in the last few years with explanations about their significance. Supplementary information reports on the dictionary usage experiences of first-year students in this academic year during their junior high school years, obtained through a questionnaire, as well as the significance of the English I dictionary activities from their perspectives.

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