In this research, we have experimented with assuming a collision or fall with of dummy at JARI. Various experiments can be used to evaluate the safety in this situation. Crash dummy experiments are especial used to assess the risk of potential damage for driving and boarding People. We attempt rearrange the physical person values of human organ by using Riken and NICT data bases.

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Accident of fall and descent are increasing yearly. Accident of fall is a serious problem in healthcare institutions. Reported by previous studies, many of the accident of fall occur in the night. Many of the night fall accident is extremely dangerous, because night fall accident due to slip, slip fall is hitting head. Head injure is involved in the life. We conducted a study about the fall incidents risk of head fracture and acute subdural hematoma by using a dummy model. As a results of experiments, the risk of fall accidents involving angular velocity and HIC. Finally, this study was found to give high risk head injury by slip backward falling down.

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This paper describes studies to understand the fundamental mechanism of the collision and fall induced human injury by using dummy in the experiment. In this experiment, time history of acceleration, force and moment were measured at the 9 sensing points in the dummy. These sensors were located at head, neck, chest, pelvis, femurs and tibias. From the measurement of the neck force in the case of the collision and fall from the cart, it is shown that the impulsive force was caused by the fall to the ground floor; and it was also considered that this second impulsive force was dominant factor to induce head injury. In addition to this, the time interval of these two forces was 800 ms, and this is much shorter than that in the case of car crush. It is possible to use this interval for developing safety devices for these human falls.

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In geriatric medicine, fall is a very important problem as well as dementia, being bedridden and incontinence. The serious damage such as fracture and subdural hematoma sometimes follows fall and brings about being bedridden. Being bedridden is also a risk factor of dementia. This condition needs great care and medical treatment. Therefore, the prevention against fall is a very essential problem in geriatric medicine. We investigated the actual situation of fall in several psychiatric hospitals in this study paying attention to age, posture and place in falling. At a result ,the occurrence ratio of serious damage brought about by fall is about 16.5 % in one hospital and about 4.5% in another hospital. These results are comparable to preceding investigations. The factors of place and posture in falling have no relationship with this occurrence ratio. Aging has been found to be the factor reducing this ratio. This result fell short of our expectations. Generally speaking, aging is thought to be a risk factor of fall. In many hospitals, many measures have been taken against fall, especially for elderly patients recently. Our results may be caused by these measures. It would be thought that places in fall should be classified into various categories according to materials of the floor.

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[in Japanese]

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This research is to clarify the present status of a high school girl's self-respect feeling, food taking action, and a body image, and to clarify these relation for a consideration of good supports from midwife. For this purpose, question paper investigation was conducted to 241 high school girls in the Kyushu district. A Rosenberg's simple measure is used to measure self-respect, feeling. The rate of effective reply 241 (100% of recovery rate), and they are all women (100%). While about 90 percent of girls have received food education and they care about the balance of the meal, it also became clear that the mistaken food action, such as not taking a meal for a diet, is frequently happened. It is clarified that those who has a high self respect feeling do not want to be thin body, and also they care the balance of their meals.

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The purpose of this research is to obtain a plan which supports for vaccine for prevention of cervical cancer. Questionnaire has been performed to 193 mothers who have daughters in order to investigate their opinion on the ingestion of the vaccine. As a result, 72% of the mothers want to receive the vaccine, and 90.3% of mothers want their daughters received. The most reason is because the mothers are afraid of the daughter's future. The reasons of those who do not want are because their daughter will not be suffered from the cervical cancer, or because an appropriate period of the daughter has been past. It is clarified that the mothers who want their daughters received has much knowledge about the vaccine and cervical cancer.

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Medical students need to pass a nationally licensed and recognized national exam before their graduation. They take the national exam across Japan in late February. There are several studies that have examined the stress level of the students while preparing for the exam. However, there are few reports about support given to those students in order to alleviate their stress. In this study, 16 students while preparing for the exam were recommended to take a 30 minute rest in bed. In order to assess their stress levels, cortisol levels in their blood were measured. As a result, 11 out of 16 students had a decrease in cortisol levels; however, the rest of the students did not. This study concluded that taking a 30 minute rest before the exam leads to the reduction of students' stress levels. With regard to the students who did not have a decrease in cortisol levels, other factors need to be analyzed.

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The present study examined the influences of slope gradients and the direction of wheelchair travel on the user's riding comfort and the postural change and the physiological value during wheelchair locomotion on a longitudinal slope. On both uphill and downhill slopes, steeper gradients enhanced the postural change of the user On steeper downhill gradients, going down the slope backward decreased user's heart rate. On a downhill slope with a steep gradient, especially steeper slope gradients than 1/10 or more, going down backward would be a useful technique to stabily user's postural during wheelchair locomotion.

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Handball Games is a basic human behavior "Run" "throw" "jump" for a sports. Handball Games, attention has begun to incorporate new course of study is being evaluated this. However, Japan Handball could not get results at the recent world championships. Japan Handball Association felt this sense of crisis situation. And Japan Handball Association starts up NTS(National Training System) and is aiming at "Talent excavation', "training", "strengthening". In the present study, the game of the Fukuoka student selection team and the Korea team of Asia top-level was investigated . And in order to obtain a score in a game by multiple linear regression analysis, it argues about whether a characteristic play and skill exist. As a result, It turned out that a score is related to the breakthrough method, a breakthrough position and a foul, the times of a path, etc. The attack which was being subjectively expressed by this was able to be shown quantitatively. Use this index could indicate a strengthening of the team and evaluate the game.

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The remarkable development of a computer enable artificially constructing ecosystem model. We try to performing emergence a survival model of the life using StarLogo. As the first stage, we try to perform the emergence of a biotope. At the second stage we expand the first stage to complicate the biotope. In other words we introduced into a fox and rabbit.

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The human gesture tracking is needed in many applications, e.g., the man-machine interface, recognition of the hand language, the surveillance cameras, and etc. Recently, the advent of Microsoft's "Kinect" makes the gesture tracking quite easy, if it is used in a restricted environment like indoor However there are still large demands of gesture tracking using only video cameras. In this paper, we propose a method which tracks the human gesture thorough video images using the particle filter This method is based on the inspection that a sequence of human gestures can be divided into basic patterns of human motions. We examine the effectiveness of the method by experiments in which gesture tracking is done for the radio gymnastic exercises.

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Scheduling problem is a famous NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem. It is well known to be difficult to get the optimal solution within practical time. The scheduling problem is to decide the execution order of tasks and the resource assignment which achieve the best objective function under given constraints. Usually, the amount of available resources, the precedence relations between tasks, the cost and the time limit of the production are considered in the objective function and the constraints. In this paper, we consider a scheduling problem in which the quality of the task execution is also considered in the objective function and constraints.

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Ducks fed in rice paddies for rice-duck farming are preyed by injurious birds such as crows. The aims of this study are to detect crows' predation-motion by using time-varying image processing technique, and to prevent the crows' predation. CHLAC feature is useful to detect crows' motions. However, when the target is a wild bird such as a crow, it is difficult to correct large amounts of training data. In this report, we propose the way to improve recognition rate by using pseudo data.

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Regarding diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome (MS), minor cases where the lipid, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels slightly exceed their normal ranges are considered to require careful observation, because they are border line between "normal "and "abnormal "conditions. We devised a method to solve this problem by introducing the concept of an "undeveloped "condition. Based on observations of the MS-score distribution for each examinee, checkup data were numerically processed into three areas representing the "normal ", "undeveloped ", and "critical "conditions, and applied to Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) to develop a tool visualizing the MS indicators. The distinguishing capacity of our method was validated by comparing checkup data between MS judgment results employing our method and those using conventional diagnostic methods. Furthermore, our method can visualize positional relationships between the MS indicators and the three areas on the two-dimensional SOM, promising its application to health guidance.

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The medical diagnostic data (the diabetes and the liver disease) were analyzed by the topologically reserved Spherical Self-Organizing Maps (blossom). The results were compared by the conventional fuzzy clustering method. The cause of the right answer percentage by the latter method was visualized and evaluated by the former method.

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We propose an approach to the determination of class borders on a SOM with non-equal class distributions. Our approach treats the class distribution as a variance-covariance matrix. The class distribution is expressed by a variance-covariance matrix and its decision border between the classes is determined from input data by using the eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenvectors of the matrices. Using the iris dataset of Fisher it is shown that our approach allows the effect of non-equal class distributions on the decision borders to be successfully visualized in a qualitative and comprehensible manner.

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As an extension of simplified distance-type reasoning method, multi-output distance-type TS (Takagi-Sugeno) reasoning method is proposed in which the consequent part of the fuzzy rule is functions and of multi-output type. This paper shows learning algorithms for the fuzzy reasoning method by using the steepest decent method, and compares learning results with the case of ordinary distance-type reasoning method by applying to medical data of liver ailment diagnosis data.

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The microscopic information of ion track is essential in the field of the heavy-ion therapy for cancer treatment. The knowledge of effect on human tissue by heavy particle beam is used to develop a reliable medical system of treatment planning. For the deep understanding of the ion track structure in water target, We developed a 3D Monte Carlo code. As the demonstration of the developed code for secondary electrons, we calculated electron track and examined the reliability of electron code in terms of electron ranges in water.

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In order to realize intelligent agents such as autonomous mobile robots, Reinforcement Learning is one of the necessary techniques in control systems. However, there exist many problems to apply reinforcement learning to real-world tasks. The most severe problem is a huge number of iterations in the learning phase. In order to deal with the problem, the instruction approach for reinforcement learning agents based on sub-rewards and forgetting mechanisms were proposed and shown to be effective. However, the relationship between the instruction and the learning performance of reinforcement learning has not been adequately clarified. In this study, in order to clarify the instruction performance in the reinforcement learning, we propose an instruction knowledge acquisition method for the reinforcement learning scheme by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Through numerical experiments of the mountain car task and the Acrobat task, we show the validness of the proposed approach in terms of learning speed and accuracy.

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The present study considers a fuzzy color system in which three fuzzy sets are constructed on the tone triangle. This system can process a fuzzy input (as the membership values of subjects) to a tone system and output to a color on the RGB triangular system. Three fuzzy sets (not black, white, and light) are applied to the tone triangle relationship. By treating three attributes of chromaticness, whiteness, and blackness on the tone triangle, a target color can be easily obtained as the center of gravity of the output fuzzy set. In the present paper, the differences between fuzzy inputs and inference outputs are described, and the relationship between inference outputs for crisp inputs and inference outputs for fuzzy inputs on the RGB triangular system are shown.

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This paper we constructing a model of artificial life, try to reproduce the behavior of foraging ant populations. Artificial Life (Artificial Life, AL) is "like a biological action," and aims to study, which aims to solve the fundamental problems of biology at the computer The method used to determine the optimal solution to this problem is a model given the purposes of artificial life.

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We defined Collision Impact Index (CII) of each part of human body due to falling down. The formula of CII is defined similar to HIC. The meaning is "Powered averaged acceleration and the time product". In order to make clear the usefulness of the Index CII, the experiment was done in JARI, and the acceleration data are taken on the head, chest and pelvis of a dummy robot, which simulates the human body. The acceleration data was measured in the step of 0.0001 second, and analyzed on the basis of the proposed formula of CII. As a result, it is shown that index CII is reasonable because (1) the ratios are similar dependence in spite of the power, (2) only peak is selected by the power, (3) the selected time intervals are almost constant, although the width becomes narrow as the power goes large.

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Because a series of spikes in the auditory nerves are phase-locked to the appearance of either maxima or minima, the recording of extrema plays an important role in the succeeding extraction process. Approximate twenty percent of extrema, for instance, could be reduced in the previous study according to the forward masking, which demonstrates the short-term (< 3ms) inaudible period between envelope maxima in a narrow-bandwidth waveform. Further extraction as well as the simplified modeling of acoustic structure, however, remains unresolved, still yielding a large number of extrema with minute energy or amplitude. In this study, each amplitude envelope is approximated by a kernel function, which consists of a short series of extrema. After setting a limen in line with both subjective scores and intelligibility of speech syntheses, we deleted every kernel function below the limen, extrema between envelope maxima, and all the minima besides. Consequently, the reduction in total has reached over seventy-five percent, so that we have proposed the modified model, in which a kernel can be reconstructed by the linkage of one term of sinusoidal curves with either linearly increased or decreased amplitude, instead of a half term of sinusoids.

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A classification of famous wines is attempted by three methods, i.e., cluster analysis method, principal component analysis, self-organizing map (SOM). The analysis is made based on the data taken from the review on wines, which are expressed in terms of the various things around us using human sense of flavor. The results are reasonable, since three analysis methods give similar distribution of the wines except few exceptions. Especially red and white wines are separately grouped into the same kind of wine. The grouping as a result shows the expression of flavor using human sense is appropriate for the classification.

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The concept of time has been considered philosophically since ancient times. In 2Othe century, theory of relativity has been constructed in the field of physics by Einstein as everyone knows. One result of this theory is that it is meaningless to think time independently from space .In this way, profound natures of time have been elucidated. Nevertheless, there is a big problem in the concept of time in relativity. All natural science including physics have same problem. This kind of the concept of time is objective and there is essentially no difference between the past, the present and the future. However, it is different from real daily experience in human life. We are always conscious of only "now". The past and the future only can be imagined, not experienced. The psychotic disease such as schizophrenia makes these facts remarkable. In this article, we will illustrate difference between physical time and "experienced time" explaining psychotic symptoms such as depersonalization psychopathologically. Furthermore, we will get more profound understanding about the concept of time.

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We considered quantum Bayes' form which had many convergence .'s points. And each neuron interacts through axons and synapses. Various noises affected on signal conductions of those axons and communications of synapses, which caused the many mistakes through ephapse and synaptic interferences. However, the quantum states of our communication channels were described as the same form in spite of those noise disturbing communication's signals. The difference between quantum Bayes' form and classical Bayes' thory is whether interference's term existed in or not. The communication channels, having ephapse and synaptic interferences, whose structures were similar to quantum amida lots. !

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Recently, rapid progress is being made in the autonomous driving technology of vehicles. However, it cannot hope to compete with that of human being. Especially, it is quite difficult to autonomously drive complicated vehicles like trailer trucks in the environment in which many obstacles are placed. Why human expert can execute such complicated tasks- We consider that neither indiscriminate learning alone nor deliberation alone are sufficient. Indiscriminate learning without deliberation cannot execute complicated tasks. On the other hand, deliberation without learning consumes huge time. In this paper, we propose a system in which learning and deliberation are fused, and use it for the path planning of the trailer truck.

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A new classification method which can visualize a multidimensional data set was proposed. There, phase distances on the spherical surface among the label data was computed. Using these distances, a dendrogram can be constructed. Here, using the constructed dendrogram, the colored classification of the cluster group on the spherical surface based on the label data was carried out. This method can be applied to various data. Here, the method was applied to the chain-link problem which can be considered as difficult for the representation and to the problem of the separation of the random number planes which were piled up to the direction of the height.

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In this paper, we propose a method of improving authentication accuracy of the female voices. The authentication accuracy is calculated by SOM (Self-Organizing Maps). In this experiment, we used the female voices which showed 88.71% authentication accuracy. In previous experiment, the male voice showed 99.53% authentication accuracy. We calculated standard deviation of female voices to investigate the cause of authentication accuracy decline. As a result, it showed that standard deviation of female's is higher than male's. Therefore, we performed spectrum averaging of the female voice, and then it decreased. In addition, the authentication accuracy increased to 97.11%.

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In this article, we propose a keystroke authentication method using keystroke rhythms, and also we explain our analysis method with SOM (Self-Organizing Maps) as a suitable biometric authentication method for usual ATMs of banks and so on. In previous study, we experimented with pressure-sensitive touchscreen. But, in recent years, capacitive touchscreens are hugely popular in the world. In this study, we compare the difference in a device of pressure-sensitive touchscreen and capacitive touchscreen. And, we conducted applicability evaluation of capacitive touchscreen. Our method is simple and compact, and therefore will be useful for touchscreen devices such as smart phones and tablet PCs also.

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In this article, we propose a personal authentication method using characteristic information obtained from hand shapes with a torus type Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) and support vector machine (SVM). In the pre-experiment, we extracted a part of dimensions of characteristics by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). As the result, the recognition rate by SOM was about 94.4% and the recognition rate by SVM was about 99%. In this experiment, we showed and discussed the accuracy of authentication using the device-independent features.

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A psychological experiment of two conspicuous objects extraction from a shortly presented color image by human, was executed using a display with the touch panel. Our results are as follows: (1) Subjects touched the center of the conspicuous object. (2) Large object was more conspicuous than small object. (3) An individual difference in response time and touched location was not so large. (4) The individual touched frequency for an image including three or more objects was about equal.

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This paper proposes a method to improve the speed and efficiency in detecting defects in electronic component hoards that are produced in an automated factory by first creating a template that has every component graphed and given a variable and then utilizing a Genetic algorithm to compare the data collected by a mounted camera on the manufacturing line to the template. All variations from the template would be defects.

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This paper, we proposed the decision of electric parts using subtraction technique consider tendency of pixel level gaps. Simple subtraction technique can 't vanish a pixel when compare images has gaps. Therefore we extend subtraction area to neighborhood pixels. Then adapting the fuzzy theory, we forecast tendency of pixel gaps and decide subtraction area. We named this method "fuzzy filter". Finally, experimental results show that the accuracy of "fuzzy filter".

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We have tried the visibility prediction in consideration of Web accessibility. In our previous studies, visibility of young adults, the elderly, and dichromat's visibility (Protanope and Deuteranope) has been predicted, respectively. However, it is necessary to group together formula of visibility prediction. In this report, visibility of dichromat's visibility was predicted using transformation of color vision model and linear discriminant function of young adults. As the results, As the results, there was no difference in visibilities between protanope, deuteranope, and observed value. However, when a font color has many red component, the result of deuteranope visibility prediction was a tendency judged low Therefore, it was shown that visibility prediction can be performed using our proposed method.

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This paper discusses effects of listening of the unpleasant sound to the changes of the correlation between psychological state evaluation using visual analog scale (VAS) and heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. The experiment employed 16 healthy subjects. The HRVs of the subjects are recorded when they listening of the unpleasant sound. And the HRVs are also recorded when they listening nothing. Furthermore, in order to investigate the psychological state evaluation, the subjects are required to answer the questionnaire on VAS, in both cases (when conducting the experiment and when not). The HRV data are analyzed by using FFT .The experiment result shows that there exists negative relationship between VAS data and coefficient of covariance in HRV.

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This paper discusses effects of telling a lie to the changes of the correlation between heart rate variability (HRV) analysis and psychological state evaluation using visual analog scale (VAS). The experiment employed 8 healthy subjects. The HRVs of the subjects are recorded when they tell a lie. And the HRVs are also recorded when they tell the truth. Furthermore, in order to investigate the mental tension, the subjects are required to answer the questionnaire on VAS, in both cases (when conducting the experiment and when not). The HRV data are analyzed by using FFT. The low frequency component (LF: 0.04 to 0.15Hz) and high, frequency component (HF: 0.15 to 0.40Hz) are obtained from the HRV power spectrum. The experiment result shows that VAS data are high when the subjects tell a lie, and there exists a liner relationship between LF/HF ratio and VAS data.

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This paper discusses the correlation between information skills for students based on visual analog scale (VAS) and results of typing practice. The subjects are 12 college students. In order to investigate their typing skills, they practiced typing based on computer software named "TYPEQUICK". And in order to analyze their information skills, they asked to answer questionnaires on VAS. The experiment results shows that there exits a liner relationship between subjective evaluation of information skills based on VAS and results of typing practice.

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