It is generally recognized that a change takes placei n the level of serum protein of a patient suffering from a periodontal disease but, to date, the published literature is almost non-existent which deals with changes associated with this disease postoperatively.
Okada of our Department earlier reported in his study of the hematologic findings of the periodontal patients that the precipitation of erythrocytes revealed the most pronounced change proportionally to the advance of he diseases.
In the present study, the author concerned himself with analyses of the serum protein, intimately related to the erythrocytic precipitation, by means of the cataphoresis of cellulose acetate films for a comparison of pre- and postoperative levels.
A study material consisted of 54 males and females, ranging from 15 to 65 in age, who were diagnosed as the patients of periodontitis in the Department of Periodontology, Nihon University Dental Hospital. The subjects were divided into three groups of P₁, P₂ and P₃. The groups were subjected to the measurements of fractionated serum protein values, total protein volume, albumin-globulin ratio and precipitation of the erythrocytes. The cataphoresis followed the routine standard procedures, total protein volume was measured by the Biuret method and erythrocytic precipitation by the Westergren method respectively.
The salient findings were as follows.
1. In common to the pre- and postoperative stages, al. fractionation and A/G ratio were observed to have a tendency of decrease proportionally to the aggravation of the diseases. As compared with the pre-operative values, the postoperative values were statistically greater in all the three groups of P₁, P₂ and P₃.
2. On the other hand, gl. fractionation and erythrocytic precipitation were observed to reveal an increase correspondingly to the aggravation of the diseases. The postoperative values were found to be statistically smaller than those of the preoperative measurement.
3. As regards β·gl. fractionation and total protein volume, there was not observed any change worthy of notice.
As has been shown by the foregoing result, a definite correlation was proved to exist between fluctuations in the level of erythrocytic precipitation and the fractionation of serum protein on the part of periodontal patients.

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The cell turnover of the epithelial attachment was autoradiographically studied in mice. To keep the enamel as it was, the special method was employed according to Terasaki & Shiota. The investigation was performed, focused on the dynamic aspect of the radioactive index with normal and gingivectomized preparation after the wound was almost recovered in 4 weeks or 7 weeks.
From these the following results were obtained.
1) In the normal upper palatal gingiva, the labeled cells were recognized in the apical part 1 hour after the injection for the first time. At 1 day after they were in their maximum and at 10 days no labeled cells were observed. The radioactive indices were 6.22, 14.88, 7.23, 2.34 and 1.00 at 1 hour, 1 day, 3 days, 5 days and 7 days after H³-thymidine administration. On the other hand, in the coronal part they were not observed until 3 days after the injection. After 14 days they completely disappeared. The radioactive indices were 0.56, 4.83, 10.71, 14.03, 4.20 and 1.98 at 12 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 5 days and 7 days respectively.
From these results it was postulated that the labeled cells migrated from the apical part to the coronal part as it was observed that the epithelial cells did not collapse to the enamel.
In the upper buccal gingiva the values of the respective radioactive index were almost same. The tendencies of the migration of these epithelial attachment cells were not different from those in the upper palatal gingiva.
2) In the preparation gingivectomized 4 or 7 weeks before, the same migration pattern was observed as the normal one, furthermore the epithelial cells did not fall into the enamel. In the so-called epithelial attachment the epithelial cells seemed to always be supplyed and renewed. The values of the radioactive index were slightly higher in 4 weeks after operation than control, but in 7 weeks those were almost equal with control.
These observations imply that the relation between the enamel and epithelial attachment cells is not in the simple mechanical contact.

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Kininase activity of gingival tissue in normal subjects and in patients with periodontal disease has been measured quantitatively in order to clarify the relationship between various periodontal condition and the behaviour of the kininase activity.
The kininase activity in either the homogenate or the aceton powder of gingival tissue was assayed by biological method of K. Takeya using guinea pig ileum.
The following results were obtained;
1) Kininase activity in gingival aceton powder individuals was less variable than the activity in the homogenate from fresh gingival tissues. However, both activities showed remarkable individual variation.
2) Kininase activities either in the homogenate or the aceton powder of gingival tissues from 70 individuals were very high.
3) Kininase activity of the gingival tissue in patients with periodontal disease was lower than that of normal tissue of the disease.
From these results, it is speculated that the kininase activity of gingival tissue is closely related to the various periodontal condition, and it is also suggested from pharmacological actions of kinin and kininase that the kininase activity of gingival tissue may play an important role in the etiology and the progression of periodontal disease.

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The purpose of this investigation was to observe radiographically the periodontal tissue changes caused by occlusal trauma and to recognize the factors related to film viewing in diagnosis.
Full cast crowns were designed on the fourth mandibular premolar in adult dogs, in order to produce injurious forces from three directions: distal, buccal and longitudinal occlusal forces.
As a preliminary to this study, the most effective exposure factors for the periodontal tissue changes were determined.
The standardized serial radiographs were taken at the same experimental site during 0-120 days period after cementing the full crown, and individual photograms were analyzed by the indirect radiographic image magnification and the microphotography as well as clinical observation.
Results
1. The most effective exposure factors to observe the periodontal tissue changes were as follows: 50 kilovoltage peak in case 15 milliamperage and 2 second exposure.
2. The error seen in the standardized radiographic images was 0.6%.
3. Clinical changes attributed to occlusal trauma include accumlation of dental plaque, redness and swelling of the gingiva, gingival bleeding and tooth mobility. The depth of the periodontal pocket was also increased.
4. The direction of pathological migration depends upon the one of occlusal trauma.
5. Radiographic changes of the periodontal tissue were as follows:
increase or decrease of the width of the periodontal space, thickening or disappearance of the lamina dura, condensation or radiolucense of the bone trabeculae, and root resorption. Especially, observed in all cases, widening of the periodontal space is good objective to diagnose a occlusal trauma.
6. It took about 7 to 20 days untill these radiographic evidences appear.
7. The radiographic changes caused by traumatic occlusion flom three directions were characteristic respectively.
The most common sites were mesio-distal cervical portion and furcation area.
As above mentioned, the standardized radiographs with the most effective factors are necessary for the observation of the injurious effect upon the periodontal tissue.
In addition, analysis of these radiagrams by the indirect radiographic image magnification and the microphotography is very effective.

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歯周疾患の歯槽骨吸収の程度と血中クエン酸レベルとの関係を検べた。歯槽骨吸収の程度はX線写真と臨床所見により, 血中クエン酸レベルは常光の Ettinger 改良法によって行なった。その結果, 血中クエン酸レベル (mg/dl) の平均は, 健常群では 1.40±0.22, 歯槽骨吸収の軽度群では1.85±0.55, 中等度群では2.03±0.54, 高度群では1.99±0.67であった。健常群と歯槽骨吸収群との間には有意差 (P<0.01) が認められた。しかし歯槽骨吸収各群間には認められなかった。(P>0.05)

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This paper was histochemically to investigate the distribution of acid mucopolysaccharides (AMPS) in 40 pieces of inflammatory gingiva from patients with periodontal disease. AMPS was demonstrated in tissue paraffine section by alcian blue, colloidal iron and toluidine blue reaction. The result obtained were as follows.
The strongly positive reaction of AMPS was observed in 33 (82.5%) of 40 pieces at the perivascular region and in 16 (40%) of 40 pieces at the region around inflammatory cell infiltration, but the weakly positive reaction at the region existing inflammatory cell infiltration and destroyed collagen fiber. The connective tissues were stained faintly at the region adjacent to the surface epithelium, but intensively at the region adjacent to alveolar bone crest. At the region adjacent to periodontal pocket, the reaction of connective tissue was variable and was tended to be more intensive in moderate than in slight or severe infiltration of inflammatory cells.
In present study, there was not showed definite relationship between clinical findings, e. g, inflammatory symptom and periodontal pocket in depth, and staining strength of AMPS at the region adjacent to periodontal pocket.

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Total Lipids extracted with chloroform methanol from Dental calculus of Periodontal disease have been separated by Thin-layer chromatography on Wakogel B-10 and Kieselgel G chromatoplate.
They have been identified as cholesterol, cholesterol ester and phospholipids.
Thin-layer chromatography of phospholipids was carried out on Kieselgel G chromatoplate.
The main components of phospholipids in Supragingival calculus were phosphatidyl-ethanolamine.
The main components of phospholipids subgingival calculus were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidyl choline.

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The purpose of the present investigation was to study the progress of experimental gingivitis associated with local irritation as it developed into chronic periodontitis.
Ten adult mongrel cats with healthy gingiva were used as the experimental animals. They were divided in five groups; 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 weeks, each group having two cats. In all the cats, the necks of their frontal teeth were ligated with #80 cotton thread so as to cause chronic local irritation. The diet used. was composed only hard food (i. e. no sticky or soft food.)
These experimental animals were observed macroscopically and histologically. The results were as follows:
1. In 0-hour animals (immediately after ligation), the inflammatoric response of the gingiva was very slight, and deposition of debris, calculus and tissue destruction by thread ligation were not observed.
2. After 1 week, severe inflammation at the marginal gingiva was observed with plaque, calculus. deposits and gingival (relative) pocket.
3. The extension of inflammation from the gingiva into the supporting periodontal tissue was observed with time.
4. In the 8-week animals, periodontal (absolute) pockets, subgingival calculus, gingival recession and bone destruction were clearly demonstrated, and these processes were very similar to human chronic periodontitis.
5. The causes of these processes may be not only physical irritation by the thread, but also bacteriological and physiological irritation by plaque, calculus, pocket formation and food impaction to gingiva.

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1. The rat molar has been used in experimental studies because of fair comparison with the permanent human tooth. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine precisely the physiologic tooth movement and periodontal age changes of the rat molar.
2. It was concluded that the molars had showed gradual vertical eruption to compensate for attrition, and repeating continuous medio-lingual tipping probably due to influence on occlusal function. It was conjectured that the medio-lingual tipping was constantly behaved at the top of the alveolar crest and intraradicular septum, and the movement was most remarkable at the area of the first molar.
3. There was slight gingival inflammation remained rather constant in all aged animals. The inflammatory changes, however, limited to the superficial regions of gingivae, and there was no case of which changes extended to deep regions such as periodontal ligament and alveolar bone.
4. The pattern of apposition and resorption of bone on the alveolar walls was characteristic for the physiologic tooth movement. Available evidence indicated that the bony apposition was remarkable on the medio-lingual walls and bony resorption on the disto-buccal one, except for the mesial wall of the mesial root of the first molar.
5. Functional arrangement of the periodontal ligament was well preserved throughout all aged animals showing normal mastication.
6. It was reasonable to presume that the appositional pattern of growth of cellular cementum was related to the fact of the physiologic tooth movement. And the increase in width of the fibrous cementum was affected by tension and quantity of the periodontal ligaments.

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The gingival bleeding offers an important part in the conditions or diagnosis of periodontal disease.
We paid attention to Hema-Combistix which have been used as a clinical judging paper in urinalysis.
The purpose of this paper was to examine if salivary occult blood teat by Hema-Combistix was useful to the detection of periodontal disease in early stage.
The results obtained from this study with 1, 241 students of a senior high school examined are as follows:
1. Positive group to the salivary occult blood test was 37%.
The reaction showed by the positive subjects was classified into three degrees, slight (81%), moderate (16%), and severe (3%).
2. There was a tendency toward an increase on PMA index number with increasing degree of the salivary occult blood test.
3. A group of subjects with negative reaction to salivary occult blood test but with complaint of gingival bleeding was 30%.
Avarages of PMA index number of the groups were 7.6% and 10.9%, respectively.
4. There were statistically no differences between positive group and negative group to the salivary occult blood test, on numbers of filled teeth, pH of saliva, protein content in saliva and glucose content in saliva.
From these results, it is considered that the salivary inspection method by Hema-Combistix paper serves as a convenient test for finding the gingival bleeding or an early stage of periodontal disease.

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This paper is a progress report from a longitudinal study of artificial gum. A previous report covered results from the start of the study to 4-7 months.
The present report covered observations from 4-7 months to 19-23 months. The artificial gum has been applied to the same 11 patients over a period of 19-23 months as the previous report.
From the present study, any findings were not gained that artificial gum has a harmful effect on the tooth and gingiva, although there were 2 cases of whom gingiva has developed a severe inflammation during present observation due to poor oral hygiene and faulty use of artificial gum.

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After the survey of treatments of the patients who had symptomes of periodontal disease as motive of the first Dental visits, the followings are proved out.
1. The treatments for the chief complaints were scaling, tooth extraction, irrigation, medication and periodontal surgery, in that order of frequency.
2. Patients with tooth movement as their chief complaints were treated with tooth extraction in about 55 per cent of the cases, swelling with irrigation and medication, pus discharge, halitosis, oral discomfort and hypersensitivity with scaling, and masticatory disturbances with tooth extraction.
3. Sex difference and year by year difference in each treatment of initial problem were not clear, and they were effected by themselves in initial problems.
4. In most cases, the treatment for those under forty years of age was scaling, and for those over forty was extraction of tooth.

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1. The P. D. Index was devised in order to be applied to daily practice such as diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of periodontal disease.
2. This Index was evaluated on the ground of clinical symptoms such as gingival inflammation, alveolar bone resorption, pocket depth, bleeding, pus discharge, tooth movement and increase of gingival fiber.
3. The scoring methods respective to clinical symptoms were principally made on the basis of the Index already used for the epidemiological field of periodontal disease.
4. The minimum of the scoring is 3, and maximum is 20 in the present P. D. Index.
5. From this study, it was thought to be appropriate that total scoring from 3 to 4 is clinical normal, 5 to 8 is mild, 9 to 12 is moderate and over 13 is severe periodontal disease. And the case of scoring 5 after adequate treatment needs to be observed longitudinally.

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This studies was conducted to determine the effects of Flagyl on the periodontal patients.
Clinical examination was made in 36 adults who were pointed out halitosis by means of double blind method.
They were give 100mgs of either Flagyl and Placebo tablets twice daily for 5 days.
There was observed significant differences between the effect of halitosis of Flagyl group and Placebo group.

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