The subjects in various periodontal conditions were examined based on the clinical symptoms and roentgenograms, and divided into five groups: clinically normal, gingivitis, slight, moderate and advanced periodontitis. The gingival fluid was collected from gingival sulcus by filter paper strips. The amount of gingival fluid and its bradykininase activity were assayed according to Takeya's method. The bradykininase activity was expressed as the amount of gingival fluid (mg) to produce 50% inactivation of added bradykinin (1μg/ml).
The following results were obtained;
1) The quantity of gingival fluid in clinically normal subjects averaged 1.74±0.38mg (mean±S. D.). Subjects with gingivitis, slight periodontitis, moderate periodontitis and advanced periodontitis showed the values of 4.68±3.13mg, 7.56±2.81mg, 10.68±7.67mg, and 19.18±12.89mg, respectively. The quantity of gingival fluid was increased with the progression of periodontal disease.
2) The bradykininase activity in gingival fluid in clinically normal subjects expressed as the amount of gingival fluid to produce 50% inactivation of added bradykinin (1μg/ml) averaged 0.31±0.14mg (mean±S. D.). Subjects with gingivitis, slight periodontitis, moderate periodontitis and advanced periodontitis showed the values of 1.05±0.90mg, 1.47±0.59mg, 2.61±2.59mg and 3.61±2.87mg, respectively. The bradykininase activity was decrease with the progression of periodontal disease.
3) The bradykininase activities in subjects with advanced periodontitis were significantly lower than those of clinically normal (P<0.05) and gingivitis subjects (P<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between the normal and disease groups.
4) Statistically significant correlations were obtained between the bradykininase activity expressed as the amount of gingival fluid to produce 50% inactivation of added bradykinin (1μg/ml) in diseases, and oral examination; gingival score (P<0.01), plaque score (P<0.05), calculus score (P<0.05), sulcus depth (P<0.001), and quantity of gingival fluid (P<0.001), except bone loss score.
5) THe degrees of gingival score, oral hygiene score, sulcus depth, bone loss score, and quantity of gingival fluid were increased according to the disease process.
It is concluded from these results that the measurement of the kininase activity which is thought to be an important factor for occurence and progression of periodontal disease may be a valuable mean.

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A plaster disk was implanted in rabbit's femoral muscles, and determinations were made of calcium and phosphorus in the blood before implantation and at a week intervals after implantation.
The results obtained were as follows:
1) After implantation the calcium level significantly increased for two to five weeks and the phosphorus level markedly decreased for one to five weeks.
2) Following implantation the tissue damage was found to be very slight.

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The purpose of this paper was to study clinical and electromyographic changes of masticatory system associated with experimental prematurity. This experiment was performed on 3 male subjects, age from 26 to 34 years old, and each possessing a natural dentition without any disorder of temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscles. To induce artificial prematurity on their natural dentition, single high occlusal inlay were placed in their lower molar. Before and after setting inlays, they were investigated electromyographically and clinically.
Immediately after placing of inlay, all subjects experienced bruxism such as clenching and grinding, either consciously or even inconsciously. After three days of experimental period, inlays were removed and all of them showed glittered attritional surface. Electromyographically activity of masseter and temporal muscles were inhibited during chewing (peanut), particularly on experimental side. It seems that the musclar inhibition may be a protective reaction to protect the prematufy tooth from excessive forces.

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Mouth breathing is an important etiological factor of chronic gingivitis and marginal periodontitis as well as dental plaque and calculus. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate (a) the frequency of clinical signs of mouth breathing in school children (b) correlation between 8 individual signs (c) relationship between prevelance of gingivitis (PMA Index) and clinical signs and symptoms of mouth breathing (d) relationship between oral hygiene status (OHI) and each clinical signs. The materials were examined, 1) lipseal insufficiency 2) lipdrying 3) over jet 4) open bite 5) mouth breathing line 6) tension ridge of palatal and lingual surface 7) hypertrophy of tonsils 8) lack of uvular reflex. As the result of this investigation, the followings were concluded. 1) Lip-seal insufficiency, mouth breathing line, hypertrophy of tonsils and lack of uvular reflex were found in more than 50% of children. 2) Lip-seal insufficiency, lip drying, over jet, mouth breathing line and tension ridge were related each other respectively. 3) Excepting hypertrophy of tonsils and lack of uvular reflex, all other signs were individually related to both of OHI and PMA.

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Gingivitis, dental caries and malocclusion are often seen associated with mouth breathing. The purpose of this study is to reveal relation between mouthbreathing signs and nasal obstruction. Clinical observation was carried out on mouth breathing signs and on nasal obstruction in cases of 136 school children (11-12 years old).
(1) Mouthbreathing signs were seen about half of children and correlated with each other except lack of uvular reflex.
(2) 50.7% had some nasal and pharyngeal obstruction. 11.0% were nasal respiration stopped at the time examined and 39.7% had nasal and pharyngeal diseases tending to cause stop of nasal respiration.
(3) Nasal and pharyngeal obstruction and oral signs of mouthbreathing were related each other. However correlation between lip-seal insufficiency and oral signs of mouthbreathing was seen more closely.

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A 33 year old epiletic male was treated with 0.2-0.3g per day of diphenylhydantion for about 18 months till his death. Post-mortem examination was performed about 6 hours after death. The pathoanatomical findings were 1. (epilepsy), 2, hypostatic pneumonia, 3. congestion (liver, spleen, kidneyes), 4, atrophy (hypophysis, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, testes), 5. gingival hyperplasia.
Histologically, there were a widespreading loss of Purkinje's cells in the cerebellum, slight atrophy of the nerve cells in the cerebral cortex, non-specific atrophy of the endocrine glands above mentioned, and resorptions of the skeleton (parietal bone, sternum, rib, femur). Congestive edema was a prominent feature in the gingivae, periodotal membranes, and bone marrows of the jaw bones. Inflammatory infiltration was relatively slight and limited in the superficial part of the hyperplastic gingivae. Diffuse resorptions were found in the jaw bones, and in the alveolar bones the vertical type of resorption was conspicuous. There could be seen severe atrophies in the submandibular, slight ones in the sublingual, palatine and lingual, and no remarkable changes in the other salivary glands. There were some erosions of tongue, but no inflammations of the mucous membranes of palatine, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, and intestines.
These pathological findings suggest that the oral tissue changes in this case might be composed of congestive edema of the mucous membane and bone resorption resulting from the disturbances of endorine functions caused by chronic diphenylhydantoin intoxication.

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Four cases of Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (ANUG) were reported in this paper. These cases were diagnosed as ANUG clinically, histopathologically and bacteriologically. The patients with ANUG were treated systemically and locally. Local treatments were very effective. From these findings, it was suggested that the local factors were responsible for ANUG rather than systemic factors, and that the clinical features were modified and accelerated by systemic backgrounds.

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Dextranase was obtained from Spicaria violaceae (IFO 6120), and a study was carried out to determine whether the mouth rinsing with a dextranase was effective in the removal or prevention of dental plaque in man.
1) The study was done using a dextranase new drug and inactive control by double blind method.
2) The men of each group were rinsed for 3 days, 4 times a day. The dextranase rinsing groups (100, 000, 50, 000, or 10, 000 dextranase units at a rinsing time) were compared with the placebo group in dry weight of plaque deposits on the buccal tooth surface from the maxillary first premolar to the second molar.
3) The results of an analysis of variance showed significant difference at 5 per cent lebel between the 100, 000 units dextranase rinsing group and the placebo group. Contribution rate of the dextranase was 33 per cent.
4) There was not significant difference between the 50, 000 or 10, 000 units dextranase rinsing group and the placebo grop. Contribution rate of the dextranase, however, was 11 per cent.
5) No harmfull effects with the dextranase were recognized.

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