The purposes of this investigation were to research the major component and sources of halitosis. The subjects were based on the clinical findings and the intensity of odour by olfactory panel of trained judges. These were divided into three groups, subjects without halitosis: group N, periodontally healthy subjects with halitosis: group H-N, periodontally diseased patients with halitosis: group H-P.
The test samples were withdrawn with a 5ml gas tight syringe consisting of glass barrel through capillary tubes after closing the mouth and continuing breath through nose for 1min. Entire 5ml mouth air sample was injected directly on to G-C column, and determined by a gas chromatograph equipped with. flame photometric detector to measure the amount of sulphur containing compounds in mouth air.
The results were as follows:
1. The concentrations of volatile sulphur compounds in mouth air were proportional to organoleptic ratings by a panel of trained judges.
2. It seemed that methyl mercaptan was more closely related than hydrogen sulphide to halitosis, and dimethyl sulphide was little related to halitosis judging from the direct determinations of the volatile sulphur compounds, odour threshold and objectionabilities.
3. The tongue coating score of group H-N were remarkably higher than group: N and group: H-P.
4. The pH of whole saliva showed no statistically significance among three experimental groups.
5. In group H-P, methyl mercaptan content in mouth air was observed high correlation with gingival score (P<0.01), but no significant correlation with pocket depth and bone loss.
6. Rinsing, brushing with dentifrice and without dentifrice were temporarily caused a pronounced reduction in sulphur content.
7. It was assumed that main sources of halitosis were periodontal pockets and coated tongue. Surgical elimination of periodontal pockets and mechanical removal of tongue coating were the most effective treatments for halitosis.
It is therefore concluded that halitosis is closely related with the volatile sulphur compounds represented by methyl mercaptan produced in the periodontal pockets and on the coated tongue.

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This study was performed to know the effect of different toothbrushing methods on plaque removal, using some kinds of toothbrushes. Six toothbrushing methods were evaluated. Two kinds of electric toothbrushes were tested too.
Forty-two adults who had a normal dentition and clinically healthy periodontal tissue, aged 20 to 34, 36 males and 6 females, were served as the subject of this study. Plaque score was calculated with the modified Vole's method which Suzuki et al. reported before. Scoring of plaque was restricted to the six teeth (6/41|14/6).
The averages of the percentage of plaque removal on total (lingual and labial) tooth surfaces with different toothbrushing methods were as follows: (1) 75.2%; Fones method with hard brush, (2) 71.7%; Scrubbing method with hard brush, (3) 67.4%; Modified Stillman's method with hard brush, (4) 64.7%; National electric toothbrush with soft brush, (5) 62.9%; Roll method with hard brush, (6) 58.1%; Charters method with medium brush, (7) 55.2%; Bass method with medium brush. The similar tendency was obtained when plaque removal was evaluated on labial, lingual and papillary tooth surfaces independently.
Hard brush was more effective for plaque removal in every brushing method.

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An attempt was made to search for the enzymes that degrade insoluble glucans (IG) produced by Streptococcus mutans strain JC2. By screening many soil microorganisms and a veriety of fungi strains, it was found that Streptomyces nigrifaciens ISP 5071 produces these enzymes.
Culture conditions for the enzyme production were tested with the Streptomyces. The enzyme was produced only in the culture containing IG as an inducer. A maximum production of the enzymes was obtained in the culture supernatant when the spore was inoculated in the basic medium containing 0.3% IG, 0.4% glycerol and cultured at 27°C for 4 days under rotary shake of 160 per min.
The crude enzyme solution was prepared from the culture supernatant by precipitation on 30-50% saturation of ammonium sulfate. The degradation activity of the crude enzyme solution toward some glucans was studied.
The results were as follows.
1) The crude enzyme solution readily degraded IG and a modified-IG which consisted only of α-(1→3) glucosidic bond.
2) The crude enzyme solution split IG synergistically in combination with dextranase.
3) Paper chromatographic analysis of the enzymatic digests from IG and modified-IG showed that nigerose was the main reaction product, and that practically no isomaltose and its oligosaccharides were present.
4) The activity of dextranase was not detected in the crude enzyme solution. These results strongly suggested that the crude enzyme solution contains a certain α-(1→3) glucanohy drolase and not α(1→6) glucanohydrolase.

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Much can be learned about the percussion sound of the tooth as a clinical diagnostic method of the periodontal condition.
The aim of this article is to present the technique of recording sounds made by the tooth percussion and to discuss the significance in the diagnosis of the periodontal disease. Therefore, the author developed a measuring equipment for the percussion sound of the tooth, which consists of a microphon, a magnetic tape deck, a 1/3 octave band analyzer, an oscilloscope, and a camera.
As a means of studying materials, three male subjects in possession of normal teeth and periodontal tissue are selected, and their sounds of percussing the teeth are recorded and measured by this equipment. The results of this study were as follows:
1. For the purpose of determining quantity and discussing the percussion sound of the tooth, the author developed a new apparatus to percuss the tooth, and discussed a standardizing method of the “percussion sound trace”.
2. The frequencies which constitute the percussion sound of the tooth are affected by the kinds of the percussion instruments.
However the percussion sound has a fundamental frequency, and its range of fundamental frequency is about below 1250Hz.
3. The peak-peak value of the percussion sound traces is much influenced by the magnitude of the load which percussed the tooth, but the attenuation time of it is less influenced by the load, and the value off fandamental frequency of its sound is little influenced by the load.

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Inflammatory changes of Uronic acid and collagen in the human gingival tissues were studied quntitatively.
Careful comparison was made between the free gingiva as a severely diseased tissue and the attached gingiva as a least diseased one.
It has been demonstrated that uronic acid and acid soluble collagen in a higher level and insoluble collagen in a lower level were present in the free gingival tissue in comparison with the attached gingival tissue.

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It has been described in the previous reports that the salivary inspection method by Hema-Combistix paper served as a convenient test for finding the gingival bleeding or an early stage of periodontal disease.
The purpose of this paper was to examine whether salivary occult blood test by Hema-Combistix were also favorable for a long serial observation of periodontal condition.
The observation on the 375 senior high school students was performed once a year, starting when the subjects were on their first year, and followed up for three years on the respective students.
The results were as follows:
1) There was little difference in the sensitivity to the salivary occult blood test between the first and the second year students, but were significant differences in numbers of subjects with positive reaction to the test between the second and the third year students.
2) There was a statistically significant increasing tendency on PMA index value according to school age.
3) There was also a correlation between sensitivity to the salivary occult blood test and degree of gingival bleeding.

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As one of home remedies for periodontal disease, it would be a matter of important fact to apply cleaning in mouth and also giving massage on gums by means of brushing.
In recent years, in order to promote such brushing effect with appropriate dentifrice, various experimental studies are being made in those sources of supplies. Just recently, Sato Seiyaku Co., Ltd. having presented the “ACES”, produced in technical concert with Dr. Madaus in West Germany, clinical investigations have been made by me and the result is stated as follows.
1. The effective percentage of this agent is 85.5% (59 instances against 69) for gingivitis and 66.7% (38 instances against 57) for marginal periodontitis.
2. The agent is more effective against simple gingivitis in improving inflammation and particularly rejecting itching and also discharging pus from false gingival pockets.
3. This agent is quite effective for marginal periodontitis especially for its slight disease in improving inflammation and excluding itching feeling.
4. It takes about 4 weeks to see actual effect of this agent after prescribing and so it is advisable to apply it for at least 4 weeks or more.
5. No particular reaction of this agent has been realized.

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