Five gingival biopsy specimens were obtained from maxillary or mandibular anteriors of each patient with periodontal disease. The weighed specimens were incubated with Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer containing different kinds of amino acids and 3μCi of ¹⁴C-labeled proline, for 0, 30 minutes, 1, 2 and 4 hours at 37°C in an atmosphere of 0₂. After the specimens incubated were immersed in 3ml of 60mM cold proline solution, they were fixed in 10% formalin immediately. The paraffin sections were made (5μ) and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The autoradiographs were taken and collagen synthesis was assessed by counting the silver grains per unit area in the apex of sulcular epithelium and the center of lamina propria.
With an increase in the incubation time there was an increase in the counts of silver grain from sulcular epithelium, fibroblastic cells and collagen fibers. Possible explanation for the discrepancy in silver grain counts with time between fibroblastic cells and collagen fibers was discussed.

View full abstract

Clinical findings of the 15 periodontal patients, and the effect of scaling and brushing on the contents of citric acid in their pocket exudate and whole saliva were investigated for five weeks.
The following results were obtained:
1) PMA index, debris index and pocket depth were significantly improved by scaling and brushing.
2) The quantity of pocket exudate was significantly decreased by scaling and brushing.
3) The contents of citric acid in pocket exudate and whole saliva were significantly decreased at the end of experimental period.
It was concluded that the citric acid contents in pocket exudate and whole saliva from the periodontal patients was closely related to the clinical findings, the former being more closely connected to the periodontal condition than latter.

View full abstract

The contents of citric acid, calcium and phosphorus in the alveolar bone of the periodontal patients and clinically healthy subjects were studied, and compared with various clinical findings.
The following results were obtained:
1) The citric acid contents in the alveolar bone were slightly higher in the periodontal patients than in clinically healthy subjects (p>0.05).
2) The calcium contents in the alveolar bone showed remarkably higher value in the periodontal patients than in clinically healthy subjects (p<0.05).
3) The phosphorus contents were slightly lower in the periodontal patients than in clinically healthy subjects (p>0.05).
4) Statistically significant correlations were not found between the alveolar bone loss and contents of citric acid, calcium and phosphorus.

View full abstract

The purpose of these experiments are to detect on the stability of dextranase that was absorbed through either oral mucosa or skin of animals.
The methods and materials are described as follows.
Method
One is the radioimmunoassay with ¹²⁵I (RIA). (limited detection 25^ng/ml)
The other is enzyme activity (EA). The absorption through skin were detected with radioimmunoassay, other enzyme activity.
Only the hair of rabbits on the back are trimmed, the skin was injured and dextranase was dressed on it.
The absorption through oral mucosa.
Gingivae in the mandibular anterior portion are applied for this research.
Only control group is covered on lower oral mucosa, test group is injured in the marginal gingivae with dental hand instruments.
The result was obtained as follows.
(1) In control group, dextranase absorption into the tissue was not detected in normal skin, whereas it was detected on the injured skin of rabbits.
(2) Neither normal oral mucosa nor injured one as to dextranase absorption was detected.
(3) Dextranase absorption by means of subcutaneous injection to rabbits was detected decreased rapidly on the half life by two hours.
(4) The absorption of dextranase was not significant factor as to surface active agents.

View full abstract

The liquids of four commercially available periodontal dressing materials (Periodontal pack-Pulpdent Co., U. S. A., KIRKLAND periodontal pack-Pulpdent Co., U. S. A., Peridres-Premier Dental Products Co., U. S. A.) were injected in subcutaneous of rabbit's back, and were examined on capillary permeability.
The results obtained were as follows:
1. All of the liquids of Periodontal pack, KIRKLAND periodontal pack, Peridres (Eugenol) and Peridres (Non-Eugenol) have accelerated capillary permeability.
2. The order of permeability obtained was Peridres (Eugenol), Periodontal pack, KIRKLAND periodontal pack≈Peridres (Non-Eugenol).
3. Physiological saline solution (control) has not showed capillary permeability.

View full abstract

Thirty rats were used in the experiment. Food Impaction was induced to occur in the interdental space between the upper 1st and 2nd molars in the rat by creating a fossa in the mesial marginal protuberance of the occlusal surface of the 2nd molar by spot grinding. Changes in the periodontal tissues in this region occurred with the elapse of time were histpathologically observed from immediately after to twelve weeks after the operation, with results as follows:
1. In three weeks a gingival pocket had been formed on the side of the 2nd molar; there were a localized inflammatory cell infiltration in the upper part of the lamina propria and a slight enlargement of the periodontal membrane on the 2nd molar.
2. With the elapse of time, the gingival pocket on the 2nd molar gradually increased in depth, the inflammatory cell infiltration in the lamina propria expanded into deep layers, and the periodotal space enlarged. In addition, signs of resorption of the alveolar crest and verical resorption of the alveolar bone along the 2nd molar were observed.
3. In twelve weeks a deep gingival pocket was present on the side of the 2nd molar, the inflammatory cell infiltration in the lamina propria had spread around the pocket apex, and the bundles of fibers of the gingiva showed extremely irregular arrangement and discontinuations.
4. Compared with the above-mentioned changes on the side of the 2nd molar, those on the side of the 1st molar were exceedingly sight throughout the experimental period.

View full abstract

It has been well recognized that tooth brushing has an important role to prevent and treat gingivitis and periodontitis. Clinically, the effect of tooth brushing for gingival inflammation may be classified into the following two elements, one is plaque control and another gingival massage. However, it has never been experimentally demonstrated.
The purpose of this study is to make clear the effect of plaque control and gigival massage in an experimental animal.
An adult female monkey, Macacca irus, was used for this study. Its mouth was divided into four quadrants; upper right quadrant for a gingival massage, upper left for a plaque control, lower right for a control, and lower left for a brushing.
To cause chronic gingivitis, this monkey had been fed with soft food for four months as a preliminary period. In order to make each study at a corresponding quadrant independently, the following precise plastic covers were used whenever tooth brushing was carried out. One is a gingival cover for plaque control quadrant and another is a coronal cover for gingival massage quadrant.
During the experimenpal period of 38 days, tooth brushing was done carefully for each quadrant for one minute and once per every day. Gingival index, plaque score, gingival exudate, pocket depth were measured reqularily and gingival biopsy specimens were taken before and after the experimental period.
The results of this study were as follows:
1. Inflammation of the gingiva in the control quadrant showed the worst about all examinations.
2. The brushing quadrant showed most rapid improvement.
3. Inflammation of gingiva in gingival massage quadrant was improved clearly, especially on gingival contour, consistency, pocket depths and gingival inflammation was apparent at the plaque control quadrant, but not so definite as at brushing quadrant.
5. It was considered that the reduction of pocket depths is due to the effect of gingival massage.
6. Tooth brushing, with the combined effect of plaque control and gingival massage, showed the maximum effect.

View full abstract

In the majority of cases, the oral cavity is usually the principal source of had breath. The volatile sulphur compounds, especially CH₃SH, are closely related with odour intensity and produced through the putrefactive action of microorganisms on proteinous substances. It is especially accentuated in tissue degenerative conditions such as periodontitis and acute necrotic ulcerative gingivitis. On the other hand, dilute hydrogen peroxide solution (H₂O₂) has been used as an antiseptic, wound cleanser and deodorant.
The purpose of this investigation was to study the effectiveness of H₂O₂ (0.75%) on CH₃SH from eriodontal patients. The subjects, aged 20 to 45, were selected from the periodontal patients with bad breath. The sampling method of mouth air and measuring method of CH₃SH were previously described by Kaizu.
The results were as follows:
1. The gas chromatographic analysis of mouth air revealed the presence of distinctively separated three sulphur peaks, which were H₂S, CH₃SH and (CH₃)₂S and emerged within approximately 10min after injection of mouth air sample. Each subject showed much amount of CH₃SH in mouth air, ranging from 3 to 20ng/5ml of mouth air, which was over-threshold levels of CH₃SH.
2. The water rinse temporarily caused a pronounced reduction in CH₃SH content in all subjects, but in most subjects the effect of water rinse was rapidly dissipated in 30min. After that there was slight increase in CH₃SH content.
3. In all subjects, the effect of H₂O₂ rinse on CH₃SH content in mouth air was prolonged over longer duration than was observed following the usage of the water rinse. At 120min after H₂O₂ rinse, reduction values of 90% were observed. In addition, from the organoleptic stand point of view, bad breath was deppressed at least 120min after H₂O₂ rinse.
It was therefore concluded that this GC-FPD detection system seemed to be potentially useful in the clinical objective evaluation of mouth air and H₂O₂ rinse was useful to deppress the bad breath from periodontal patients at least 2 hours.

View full abstract

In the present study the authors were concerned with the effect of “DENCURE” tooth paste on the chronic marginal periodontitis. Two kinds of tooth paste (DENCURE with tested agent and placebo) were selected for the experiment.
They were instructed to clean teeth with the tooth paste for three minutes after each breakfast, lunch and dinner. This study was conducted with double blind method. The results were summarized as follows. (1) Significant curings in redness, swelling, bleeding, pus discharge and depth of gingival pocket were recognized with tooth paste (with tested agent and placebo). (2) In the whole patients, there were significant difference in recovery of redness, bleeding and depth of gingival pocket between “DENCURE” and placebo (p<0.01).
(3) “DENCURE” was significantly much superior in the effect of the tooth paste agent to placebo (p<0.01).
(4) No particular side effect was observed through this study.

View full abstract