Nihon Shishubyo Gakkai Kaishi (Journal of the Japanese Society of Periodontology)
Online ISSN : 1880-408X
Print ISSN : 0385-0110
ISSN-L : 0385-0110
Volume 34, Issue 1
Displaying 1-24 of 24 articles from this issue
  • Yasuo HOSAKA
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 1-19
    Published: March 28, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    IgG antibody levels in serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from destructive lesions and healthy sites in adult periodontitis patients were evaluated before and after initial preparation using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The initial preparation was consisted of tooth brushing instructions, scaling and root planing. Bacterial floras consisting of gram-negative periodontopathogens in subgingival plaque samples were examined by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. Plaque, gingival crevicular fluid and serum samples were taken at baseline and three weeks after initial preparation. At the initial preparation on 14 in 21 patients with adult periodontitis, changes in clinical parameters were evaluated in terms of reductions in periodontopathogens, and levels of IgG antibodies against these pathogens in GCF and serum.
    Higher percentages of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus, Prevotella intermedia, Wolinella recta, Treponema denticola and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans were found in sites with destructive lesions than in periodontally healthy sites. No significant differences were found in GCF IgG antibody levels between diseased and healthy sites. In sites with destructive lesions, the prevalence of P. gingivalis and W. recta correlated significantly with elevated levels of IgG antibodies against these microorganisms in GCF. The initial preparation resulted in significant reductions in serum IgG antibody levels against all microorganisms. No decrease of GCF IgG antibody was observed, and levels of P. gingivalis and W. recta antibodies were significantly increased (P<0.05). The determination of GCF IgG antibodies in relation to putative periodontopathic bacteria may be of considerable value in assessing the conditions of periodontitis.
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  • Kitetsu SHIN, Hisao ARAKI, Takashi MIYATA
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 20-32
    Published: March 28, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this study was to examine occlusal traumatism and to evaluate the effect of occlusal adjustment in the retruded contact position RCP). An RCP mandibular position-f i (xing device, which enabled the mandible to be guided and fixed in the RCP, was newly developed. With this device, occlusal contact area (OCA) and luminosity grade 1 (LG 1) with the mandible in the RCP were measured by use of an image analyzer system.
    The subjects were 10 patients diagnosed as having premature contact in the RCP, i. e., occlusal traumatism. The findings in this normal group (indi viduals without occlusal traumatism of the premature contact teeth in the RCP).
    The results obtained were as follows:
    1) On examination of the ratio of the LG 1 in the RCP to that in the intercuspal occlusal position, the value in the patient group was found to be relatively high.
    2) On examining the ratio of LG 1 to OCA, which reflects the degree of occlusal contact force, we found that the value in the RCP was significantly higher in the patient group than in the normal group p<0.05).
    (3) In the RCP, EMG surface bursts were observed in the anterior portion of the temporal muscle on the side displaying premature contact in all of the subjects.
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  • Kiyohide OHSHIMA
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 33-45
    Published: March 28, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In the treatment of periodontal disease, it is important to accurately assess the degree of destruction of periodontal tissue. At the facial/ oral and lingual regions, it is difficult to measure the level of the alveolar bone crest from dental roentgenograms.
    In a previous study using 20 MHzB-mode ultrasonic equipment, I found that a multiple reflected ultrasonic echo could become visible, when the periodontal probe was inserted into periodontal pockets. A new standardized B-mode ultrasonic method which has high reliability in diagnosis in these regions has been established.
    In this study, changes in periodontal tissues following periodontal therapy were investigated using this equipment. At the facial sites of incisors, the flap surgery were performed on 14 sites in 10 patients with periodontal disease.
    Ultrasonic diagnosis was performed at the first visit, 3 months after the first visit and then every month for 6 months postoperatively.
    The results were as follows:
    1) The distance between the tip of the pocket probe and the alveolar bone crest increased significantly (p<0.01) from 0.84±0.88mm (at the first visit) to 2.35±1.10 mm (6 months postoperatively).
    2) The height of alveolar bone crest significantly decreased during initial preparation (p<0.05), but various types of changes were observed after surgical procedures.
    3) When the thickness of the alveolar bone was diminished at the first visit, the height of the alveolar crest decreased more rapidly after the initial preparation (p<0.01).
    4) The thickness of the alverolar bone had decreased significantly (p<0.05) 1 month post surgery.
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  • Shigeru ODA
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 46-59
    Published: March 28, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study was performed to investigate the extent of endotoxin penetration into root surfaces.
    At first, the depth after each scaling stroke performed with a hand instrument was measured on the root surface of the extracted teeth using a modified -micrometer . Then the extent of endotoxin penetration was assessed in 57 periodontitis-involved teeth. These teeth had no history of periodontal therapy and had been diagnosed as hopeless, requiring extraction. They were divided into two groups the first group consisted of 30 teeth, the second (27). The root surfaces were distinguished into 3 areas; supragingival exposed root surfaces, subgingival root surfaces and unexposed root surfaces. Each surface was scaled with 2 strokes (the first layer), 3 strokes (the second layer), 4 strokes (the third layer) and finally 4 strokes (the fourth layer). The scaled root debris was collected in each case. The endotoxin content of each layer and the calculus was assayed by pyrodick ® after extraction of the endotoxin by the hot-phenol water method according to Westphal and Jann.
    It was found that the depth of the root surface after scaling was about 30μm at the first and second strokes, and about 20μm after the third stroke. The amounts of endotoxin were 452.9ng/g (the first group) and 368.1ng/g (the second group) in the calculus, 882.2ng/g (the first group) and 1185.0 ng/g (the second group) in the first layer of supragingival exposed root surfaces, 625.0ng/g (the first group) and 703.0ng/g (the second group) in the first layer of subgingival exposed root surfaces. They were about 7.4 to 24 times higher than that of other layers in which the amount was 49.6ng/g on average.
    These results suggest that two scaling strokes with a sharp hand scaler are enough to eliminate endotoxin in periodontitis-involved root surfaces.
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  • Sachiko MIYATAKE
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 60-72
    Published: March 28, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Immunocompetent cell populations associated with periodontal disease activity were studied by means of immunohistochemical characterization of the gingiva, with or without deep periodontal pockets, in various clinical stages.
    Serial paraffin sections were prepared from gingiva fixed by the AMeX method. Cell species were identified with monoclonal antibodies reactive with B cells, T cells and macrophages and classes of immunoglobulins in plasma cells were determined with polyclonal class specific antibodies.
    The specimens were classified into three groups according to periodontal therapy history and probing pocket depth: P-1; untreated gingivae with pockets 6-8mm in depth, P-2; gingivae after initial preparation with pockets 6. `8mm in depth. There were some improvements in clinical symptoms in this group. P-3; clinically cured gingivae with pockets 2-3mm in depth during the maintenance phase. Gingivae from patients with chronic gingivitis were also examined.
    Plasma cells, B cells and macrophages were more numerous in P-1 than in P-3 or the gingivitis group. P-3 resembled chronic gingivitis in that T cells were dominant. In P-1, T cells, B cells and macrophages were localized preferentially in the connective tissue subjacent to the pocket epithelium, while plasma cells were dominant in the connective tissue which was at some distance from the epithelium. Inflammatory infiltrates in P-2 were similar to those in P-1 but not to those in P-3.
    Thus, the clinical improvement observed after initial preparation of deep pockets did not result in an immunohistological alteration as demonstrated in P-3 during the maintenance phase. These results suggest that B cells and macrophages which react with microflora and antigenic substances in pockets correlate more closely with disease activity and, after initial preparation, gingiva with deep pockets still carry the risk of bursting during periods of disease activity.
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  • Yuzuru KAWAHARA
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 73-82
    Published: March 28, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts and human gingival fibroblasts on bone resorption induced by LPS from Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Escherichia coli in an organ culture system using murine calvarial bones. These fibroblasts, at an initial density of 1. 105 cells/well, were seeded into 24-well plates with minimum essential medium alpha (αMEM) and 10% fetal bovine serum for 24 hr. Then, the cells were preincubated for 24 hr in αMEM. The calvarial bones were preincubated for 24 hr in αMEM. The preincubated calvarial bones were placed on filter membranes (Millicell -HA®). The fibroblasts were then co-cultured with the above calvarial bones. The medium which contained the calvarial bones and the fibroblasts was replaced with fresh medium containing 50μg/ml LPS. The medium which contained the calvarial bones alone was also replaced with fresh medium containing 50μg/ml LPS. They were then cultured for 5 days without changing the medium. The amount of calcium released into the medium was assessed by the Calcium C-Test (® Wako). In the present study, human periodontal ligament fibroblasts and human gingival fibroblasts inhibited bone resorption induced by LPS from Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Escherichia coli. Based on the results of the present study, it was suggested that these fibroblasts might play a role in the inhibition of bone resorption.
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  • II. Effect of Periodontal Treatments on Serum IgG . -Antibody Titers against Periodontopathic Bacteria
    Motoo HORIBE
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 83-93
    Published: March 28, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Serum IgG antibody titers to seven Periodontopathic bacteria were measured before and after successful treatment in order to evaluate whether changes in serum antibody titers rellect the effectiveness of periodontal treatment. Twenty patients (10 males and 10 females, from 23 to 61 years old) with adult, rapidly progressive periodontitis were enrolled in this study. All patients received initial preparation and most also underwent flap surgery. After treatment, probing pocket depths decreased from 3.72 mm to 1.56 mm, on avarage. Serum samples were collected from patients at the initial and final examinations.
    Serum IgG antibody titers against sonicated antigens of P. gingivalis # 381, P. intermedia ATCC 25611, P. loescheii ATCC 15930, F. nucleatum ACTT 25586, A. actinomycetemcomitans Y 4, E. corrodens FDC 1073 and Capnocytophaga ochracea # M 12 were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mean antibody titers to P. gingivalis and P. intermedia decreased significantly after the treatment as compared to their pretreatment levels. Especially, the antibody titer to P. gingivalis decreased in all of the patients examined. A significant relationship was found between a decreased antibody titer to P. gingivalis and the number of teeth operated on as well as treatment length, and the relationship between a decreased antibody titer to P. intermedia and the number of extracted teeth was also significant. These results suggest that a decreased serum antibody titer to P. gingivalis can indicate the effectiveness of periodontal treatment.
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  • Yuichi ISHIHARA
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 94-103
    Published: March 28, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A spontaneous cupsular-like serotype-specific antigen defective mutant of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strain Y 4 (serotype b) was isolated. Immunodiffusion test showed that the autoclaved extract from A. actinomycetemcomitans Y 4 Cap+ formed a single preciptin band with anti-Y 4 Cap+ serum and a monoclonal antibody to serotype b-specific antigen (MAb S 5). The autoclaved extract from uncapsulated mutant Y 4 Cap- did not form any preciptin band with anti-Y 4 Cap+ serum and MAb S 5. Western blott analysis showed that MAb S 5 reacted with diffuse high-molecular -weight bands in the whole cells from Y 4 Cap+, but did not in the whole cells from Y 4 Cap-. To determine the virulence of Y 4 Cap+ and Y 4 Cap-, C 3 H/HeJ mice were intraperitoneally infected with whole cells of both strains. Among 15 mice infected with 7.5 x 1010 CFU of Y 4 Cap+, 1.1 mice died within 24 hours, but the mice infected with the same dose of Y 4 Cap- did not die. MAb S 5 inhibited the lethality of Y 4 Cap+ in mice. These results suggest that serotype-specific antigen of A. actinomycetemcomitans may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of the organism.
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  • Reiko SUDA
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 104-113
    Published: March 28, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this study is to identify the extent of penetration of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. g.) LPS into the periodontally involved cementum.
    LPS of P. g. # 381 was extracted by using Phenol -Water method by Westphal et al . LPS was purified, and, mixted with Freund's complete adjuvant. This emersion was injected into rabbits and anti -LPS rabbit IgG was purified .
    Periodontally involved teeth and periodontally healthy teeth (as negative control) were examined by immunohistochemical tecniques. These teeth were separated into two groups.
    In the first group, proceeding extraction, test teeth were fixed, and divided into small blocks. These blocks were dehydrated, and embedded in resin, and 1 μ sections were prepared. Specimens were incubated with anti-LPS rabbit IgG or normal rabbit serum (as reagent control) and Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugated anti-rabbit goat IgG. Obsevations of P. g. LPS penetration were made by Fluorescence microscopy.
    In the second group, the teeth were incubated with anti-LPS rabbit IgG immediately after fixation, and test teeth were incubated with biotinylated anti -rabbit goat IgG by Streptavidin biotin system . 400 μ horizontal sections were made and P. g. LPS penetration were observed by means of light microscopy. Furtheremore, another group of teeth undergoing same procedure without horizontal sectioning were ultrasonicated for 1, 5, 10, 30, 60 minutes and LPS elution were observed. As a result, in most teeth, LPS was detected only on surfaces of the exposed cementum with exception of 1 tooth in which LPS was detected in exposed cementum, but not in dentin. Furthermore, LPS was eluted by only 5 minutes ultrasonication.
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  • Nobuo YOSHINARI, Yukihiko AOYAMA, Morikatsu OHHARA, Hitoshi NISHIYAMA, ...
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 114-124
    Published: March 28, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The present study was designed to histologically and histometrically assess the relationship between non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and experimental periodontitis. Ten spontanous NIDDM rats (GK) (Group 1) and ten JCL-Wistar rats (Group 2) were utilized for this study. On the control side (the left side of the maxilla), no treatment was performed. On the experimental side (the right side of the maxilla), a nylon thread was inserted into the interdental space between the right maxillary 1st and 2nd molars to induce gingival inflammation. Five rats from each group were sacrificed at 6 and 8 weeks respectively after insertion of the nylon threads. A glucose tolerance test was performed at 5 weeks. The interproximal periodontal tissues between the maxillary 1st and 2 nd molars were examined histologically. Furthermore, in the histological sections of all animals, the ratio of the alveolar bone height to the mean length of the maxillary 1st and 2nd molars was calculated using 5 serial histological sections of each maxilla. The average ratio was determined for each maxilla, and the average values (mean±standard deviation) of both sides were calculated.
    Results obtained were as follows:
    1. Experimental periodontitis was produced in all animals following insertion of the nylon thread.
    2. The blood glucose values from glucose tolerance tests were consistently higher in Group 1 than in Group 2.
    3. On the control sides of both groups, no histological changes were observed at either 6 or 8 weeks.
    4. On the experimental sides of both groups, mild inflammatory changes were observed at 6 and 8 weeks, but no histological differences were observed in either group.
    5. On the control sides of both groups, no histological loss of alveolar bone was found at neither 6 nor 8 weeks.
    6. On the experimental sides of both groups, alveolar bone loss at 8 weeks was more severe than at 6 weeks. But no significant histometrical differences were found between the two groups.
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  • Masataka UMEMURA, Tatsushi KAWAI, Akimichi MIEKI, Hiroyasu KATAOKA, Sh ...
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 125-132
    Published: March 28, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study was carried out in order to develop a new implantable biomaterial possessing osteogenetic ability. We prepared a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) -atelocollagen gel complex, and investigated its osteoinductive properties. BMP was extracted from bovine cortical bones. The BMP-atelocollagen complex or a BMP-saline control was injected to the muscle pouches of mice, and the calvaria of rats. Osteoinduction was examined on the 7th and 21st days after implantation in order to assess osteoinductive ability. New bone formation was studied by roentgenographic and histologic observation. In the BMP-atelocollagen complex group, new bone formation was seen on roentgenogram and new cartilage and bone were observed histologically. In the BMP-saline gorup, neither new cartilage nor bone formation was noted. In conclusion, atelocollagen seems to be a very effective carrier of BMP and this delivery system has great potential in the application of new treatments for periodontal disease.
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  • Tatsuji KOGOU, Toshirou KODAMA, Masato MINABE, Toshiyuki TAMURA, Toshi ...
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 133-148
    Published: March 28, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A biodegradable membrane complexed with atelocollagen and tendoncollagen was manufactured with the aim of enhancing wound healing following periodontal surgery. We also conducted a fundamental examination of its application to clinical methods aimed at facilitating tissue regeneration. Eight beagle dogs were used. Circumferential defects were artificially prepared at the mandibular 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th premolar teeth. Wound healing was examined histopathologically at 3 and 6 weeks after surgery in the two groups, one group with implantation of membranes, the other group without implantation. As a result, the membrane application group demonstrated the following : 1) At 3 weeks after implantation, membranes remained in the connective tissue area between the periosteum and the root in all sections. 2) At 6 weeks after implantation, membranes clearly remained in one third of all sections, and gingival recession and epithelial downgrowth were inhibited at these sites. In remnants of all sections in which membranes could not be clearly demonstrated, the amounts of cementogenesis and osteogenesis increased markedly, in addition to inhibition of gingival recession and epithelial downgrowth. Furthermore, many sections showed periodontal ligament like structures. Thus, this method using a biodegradable membrane offers advantages as a regenerative treatment in periodontal surgery.
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  • Chihomi KATO, Hidesaburo TESHIGAWARA, Kazuko SAITO
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 149-159
    Published: March 28, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This experiment was designed to study macrophage (MΦ) mediated phagocytic activity against periodontal pathogens in host tissue as reflected by emission of oxgen radicals. We used 9 genera, 17 species of oral bacteria, including cariogenic and periodontopathic bacteria. For the MΦ stimulation, each bacterial species was cultured in various broths, and adjusted to OD 0.3 at 540nm. Casein induced abdominal exudate MΦ from mice were used. The reaction mixture consisted of MΦ, luminol, and guinea pig complement in gelatin Hanks' solution. The chemiluminescence (CL) response was measured with a lumiphotometer (LABOSIENCE). One or two tent hs of a ml of each bacterial suspension were injected into a cuvette in which the reaction mixture had been placed. The levels of response were automatically recorded as the relative intensity of CL.
    Phagocytic and lysozyme activities of MΦ in the reaction medium after CL response were also measured.
    Results: the highest level of CL was shown by T. denticola. A relatively high intensity was shown by F. nucleatum and S. epidermidis. A moderate response level was shown by S. mutans, S. salivarius, S. aureus, E. faecalis and P. gingivalis. The remaining responses were low-level.
    Phagocytic index and the bacterial number in 100 MΦ directed against S. mutans and S. salivarius were both high. The periodontopathic bacterial number in 100 MΦ was small, while the phagocytic index was comparatively good. There was a correlation only between CL values and the bacterial number in 100 MΦ, but this was found only in the data on Gram-positive cocci and Lactobacillus subsp.. The correlation efficiency between their values was r=0.703 (p<0.05).
    Lysozyme activity released from MΦ which had not been stimulated by various kinds of bacteria revealed 40% whole cell lysozyme activity and the maximum difference corresponded to 23% of the lysozyme activity of unstimulated MΦ MΦ CL responses were decreased by 1/4 to 1/30 as compared with those of PMNs. Arranging the species in order of CL value, there was good coincidence between MΦ and PMNs, and a good correlation (r=0.840) was obtained between these two cell types.
    These results suggest that the tissue damage caused by the superoxide emitted from the phagocytes, (which accumulated in the periodontal region) was less in MΦ than PMNs.
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  • Hidesaburo TESHIGAWARA, Chihomi KATO, Kazuko SAITO
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 160-172
    Published: March 28, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this study was to compare differences in host responses to three genera of live periodontopathic bacterial vaccines (Fusobacterium nucleatum: Fn, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans: Aa and Porphyromonas gingivalis: Pg) with regards to humoral and cellular immunity. ICR mice were immunized with 0.2 mg of bacteria 3 times (ip, ip and sc). Casein induced peritoneal exudate polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and macrophages (Mp) were used to observe the chemiluminescence (CL) response and phagocytic activities (phagocytic ratio and number of bacteria in 100 phagocytes).
    Antibody titers in each mouse were measured by ELISA.
    The responses of both normal and immune PMN against Fn, Aa and Pg were measured. The CL response to Fn was 5 to 7 times higher than those to the other two bacteria. The phagocytic ratio or the number of bacteria in 100 phagocytes increased in the case of Fn stimulation. However, there were no differences between normal and immune PMN. CL Mp responses to the 3 kinds of bacteria were measured using normal and immune Mp. Normal and immune Mp obtained from mice immunized with either Pg or Aa showed low-level responses to homologous and heterogeneous bacterial stimulation. Increases in CL response, the phagocytic ratio and the number of bacteria in 100 Mp, were not observed in normal Mp that had been stimulated with Fn, Aa or Pg. The Mp obtained from Fn immunized mice (Fn-immune-Mp), showed a high CL response to Fn stimulation but not to Aa or Pg stimulation. A remarkable increase in the phagocytic ratio and the number of bacteria in 100 Mp was also observed in Fn-immune-Mp. However, Mp obtained from mice immunized with Aa (Aa-immune-Mp) or Pg (Pg-immune-Mp) showed the same response as normal Mp. Consequently, there were no significant differences when comparing all activities of normal Mp and either Aa or Pg -immune-Mp . Slight increases in CL response and phagocytic activity against BCG were found in Fn -immune-Mp .
    Live Fn vaccine induced both IgM and IgG, with the IgM titer being dominant, while administration of Aa and Pg vaccines produced IgG rich antibodies. IgA was not detected in the serum of immunizedmice above a 24 dilution.
    In conclusion, an Fn live vaccine can induce both cellular and humoral immunity in ICR mice while Aa and Pg vaccines induce only humoral immunity.
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  • -Part 2. Mandibular Second Molar-
    Toshimitsu EZAWA, Yoshiaki FUJISAKI, Shinichi SATO, Tetsuya INOBE, Tak ...
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 173-178
    Published: March 28, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study was designed to evaluate the transverse root form of the mandibular second molar of permanent teeth in Japanese subjects. After an impression of these teeth had been taken: they were replicated into a plaster model: which had been embedded in a block of polyurethane resin. The replica was cross-sectioned at 1 mm intervals from the reference surface. Traces of each cross-section were made at X 10 magnification with a projector. The traced form was examined for the frequency of concavity: the distance from a tangent line to the concavity 1 mm coronal and 2 and 4mm apical to the furcation area. The results illustrate: 1. The degree and distribution of concavity 1mm coronal to the furcation area: a buccal surface area of 1.00±0.35 mm (100%) : lingual surface; 0.70±0.25mm (100%) : mesial surface ; 0.15±0.05 mm (73.8%) : distal surface ; 0.15±0.05 mm (16.7%). 2. The degree and distribution of concavity 2mm apical to the furcation area: mesial surface of the mesial root ; 0.25±0.20mm (90.5%) : distal surface of the mesial root ; 0.60±0.20mm (100%) : mesial surface of the distlal root; 0.35±0.15mm (100%) : distal surface of the distal root; 0.10±0.05mm (52.4%). 3. The degree and distribution of concavity 4 mm apical to the furcation area: mesial surface of the mesial root; 0.20±0.15mm (90.5%) : distal surface of the mesial root; 0.60±0.20mm (100%) : mesial surface of the distal root; 0.35±0.20mm (100%) : distal surface of the distal root ; 0.10±0.05mm (42.9%). 4. Morphological differences between the right and left molars were not statistically significant.
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  • Hiroshi NAKAYA, Soh SATO, Akiko MIYASATO, Yuko KITAJIMA, Takehito AOKI ...
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 179-186
    Published: March 28, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study examined the distribution of type IV collagen and laminin, 2 distinct basement membrane antigens, during post-gingivectomy wound healing. Experimental gingivectomies were performed on the palatal gingiva of Wistar rats. Type IV collagen and laminin were identified by the immunoperoxidase method. Type N collagen and laminin were detected in the basement membrane zone of normal epithelium, but neither was present in the internal basal lamina. During the 2. `4 days following surgery, laminin was observed on the tip of the migrating epithelium, and type IV collagen was ditributed more distally than laminin. During the period 5. `7 days after surgery, type IV collagen and laminin were detected throughut the basement membrane zone with the exception of the internal basal lamina. These results suggest that type IV collagen and laminin rather than functioning as extracellular provisional matrix for migrating cells, have an important role in maintaining the normal epithelium.
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  • Coskun BARAN, Gönen ÖZCAN, Mehmet YALIM, Yasuko YOKOYA, Kohj ...
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 187-193
    Published: March 28, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: November 29, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this study was to assess the initial attachment of human periodontal ligament fibroblast-like cells to periodontally affected root surfaces after demineralization with citric acid (pH 1, 3 min., 37°C), in vitro. Fourteen roots were obtained from 12 patients whose teeth were freshly extracted. The roots were prepared so that a comparison could be madebetween the initial attachments to citric acid demineralized (test group) and non-acid-treated (control group) instrumented diseased cementum (scaled and root planed), dentin and nondiseased cementum. The adherence of the fibroblast-like cells was determined by LM using an ocular grid system and orientation was evaluated by SEM. Results indicated that initial attachment was observed favorably in citric acid treated groups but with no significant difference.
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  • Masahiko TANI, Yoshiko TANI, Ihachi KATO
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 194-203
    Published: March 28, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study was designed to investigate antigenic proteins from Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans using purified IgGs from patients with periodontitis. Each bacterial cell was ultrasonically disrupted. Sonicated extracts were divided into three cell fractions by centrifugation: membrane fraction, ribosomal fraction, and S-100 fraction. The membrane fraction was initially divided by centrifugation (25, 000. g for 30min.) into precipitates. The supernatants were split into ribosomal and S-100 fractions by ultracentrifugation (100, 000. g for 2hours). In addition, each bacterial species was grown in diffusate broth medium. After the bacterial cells had been removed, culture supernatants were prepared as culture extract fractions. These four fractions were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting assay. Antigenic characterizations were performed using purified IgGs from 8 healthy subjects, 9 patients with adult periodontitis and 9 with rapidly progressive periodontitis. Western blotting assay demonstrated that 47 kDa and 44 kDa proteins from the membrane fraction of P. gingivalis, a 64 kDa protein from the ribosomal fraction of A. actinomycetemcomitans, and a 35 kDa protein from the culture extract fraction of A. actinomycetemcomitans reacted with more than half of the IgGs from the periodontitis cases. In contrast, less than half reacted with the IgGs of healthy subjects. There were no antigenic proteins which reacted exclusively with IgGs from subjects with adult periodontitis or rapidly progressive periodontitis.
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  • Toshihiro CHIHARA, Atsushi NAGAI, Isao AKUTSU, Hiroshi HONGYO, Keiso T ...
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 204-212
    Published: March 28, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Assessments of host defense functions were made in a woman and her two daughters, all of whom manifested early-onset periodontitis (rapidly progressive periodontitis in the mother ; localized juvenile periodontitis in the elder daughter; gingivitis in the younger daughter). The analyses of peripheral neutrophil functions revealed depressed neutrophil chemotaxis in the mother. Phenotypic and functional analyses of peripheral lymphocytes showed an elevated percentage of CD 4+ cells and T 4/T 8 ratios in all subjects, and a depressed lymphocyte proliferative response to stimulation with CD 3 antibody in the younger daughter. Serological typing of HLA antigens revealed that the mother and one of the daughters had some class 11 HLA phenotypes in common. Serum IgG antibody levels to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans were elevated in all subjects, those to Porphyromonas gingivalis in the mother and younger daughter, and those to Fusobacterium nucleatum in the mother. The pathogenesis of periodontal disease in individual members of this family could not be clarified solely from the results of the host defense functions examined. Other factors in the host defense network must be taken into consideration.
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  • Masatoshi UEDA, Yoshihiro TERANISHI, Naoki NAKAGAKI, Makoto MITSUYAMA, ...
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 213-219
    Published: March 28, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effects of ultrasonic scaling in combination with povidone-iodine solution treatment one time (group A) in comparison with two times (group B) with a one week interval were examined clinically and bacteriologically.
    The results obtained were as follows:
    1. Clinical findings, with the exception of plaque index, showed improvement in group A as compared with group B.
    2. Phase contrast microscopically, both total bacterial count and spirochetal and motile rod incidence decreased after ultrasonic scaling in group A in comparison with group B during all observation periods.
    3. Based on synthetic evaluation of clinical and bacterial findings, significant improvement was found in group A as compared with group B.
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  • Hiroshi NAKAYA, Yoshinari HARA, Akiko MIYASATO, Soh SATO, Hiroshi ITO, ...
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 220-231
    Published: March 28, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of True Bone Ceramic-collagen corn bined bone graft material (KF-300). Eighty periodontal osseous defects in 68 patients were treated by means of bone grafting with KF-330. Radiographic and clinical examinations were performed. At 6 months after the surgery, 3.6 mm mean gain in the height of the alveolar crest was demonstrated radiographically. The mean value of the probing depth decreased by 3.2 mm and that of the attachment level increased by 2.1 mm. Tooth mobility and bleeding on probing were significanty improved.
    Open wounds and discharge of KF-300 appeared in the first 2 weeks, but recovered quickly. There were no adverse reactions. These results indicate that KF-300 material has excellent biocompatibility and definite as a bone graft material in periodontal therapy.
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  • Masahiro KITAMURA, Yasuo MIKI, Yoshio SHIMABUKURO, Tsuyoshi OHTAKE, Hi ...
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 232-238
    Published: March 28, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study was designed to identify an effective maintenance program for periodontal pockets showing deep probing depth (PD) after initial therapy. Twenty patients with adult periodontitis underwent initial therapy. The 795 periodontal sites in which deep pocket (4mm.) were absent after initial therapy were monitored for 5 years following the initial thrapy. In addition to a baseline x-ray examination, clinical parameters (PD, mobility, furcation, plaque control record, etc.) were obtained by examination at baseline, re-evaluation after initial therapy and then annually for 5 years after the re-evaluation.
    Ninety four (11.8%) of the 795 experimental sites were found to have increasing PD over the 5 years following initial therapy. Most of the deep pockets appeared during the first year after initial therapy. The occurrence of deep pocket was most frequent at sites with deeper PD at the baseline examination, a high freqrency of supragingival plaque during the maintenance period, radiographic vertical resorption of alveolar bone, molar teeth and proximal surfaces. These results suggest that it is necessary to pay special attention to sites with the above characteristics for the purpose of achieving more effective maintenance.
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  • Mikiyo OHTA, Michio KUBOTA, Sadao IMAIZUMI, Masato IIDA
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 239-243
    Published: March 28, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between alterations in plaque control level and periodontal probing depth (PD) during the plaque control phase of initial preparative treatment and the stability of these parameters during maintenance in patients with periodontal disease.
    We assessed 35 adult subjects, ranging in age from 29 to 65 years, who had been treated by the authors for periodontal disease.
    The index was evaluated in terms of the O'Leary plaque control record (PCR) and periodontal PD.
    The findings obtained can be summarized as follows;
    1. There were no direct correlations between improved PCR at the first examination and initial preparative treatment and the average maintenance PCR.
    2. The subjects with lower PCR average during maintenance had greater variability in PCR.
    3. There were no significant correlations between the subjects' PCR and the prevalence of PD on the first examination and improvement during initial preparative treatment.
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  • Interdental Cleaning Efficancy and Reduction of Gingival Inflammation
    Hiromi KARASHIMA, Yasuko YOKOYA, Yukiko MATSUDA, Hajime MIYASHITA, Koh ...
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 244-254
    Published: March 28, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In a previous study, we have shown that examination of interdental gingival inflammation using wooden interdental cleaners correlates to Bleeding on Probing (BOP, r=0.557), Probing Depth (PD, r=0.415), Gingival Index (GI, r=0.523) and Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF, r=0.383). In this study, the interdental cleaning efficacy and reduction of interdental gingival inflammation by routine usage of wooden interdental cleaners were studied.
    18 new patients with gingivitis or periodontitis participated in this study. These patients were all instructed on scrubbing method toothbrushing and randomly divided into the Brushing group (9) which restricted their cleaning to brushing only, and the Stimulating Group (9) which brushed and used the wooden cleaners for interdental cleaning. The cleaning efficacy and healing of gingival inflammation were evaluated at initial, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks by BOP, PD, GI, GCF, Interdental Plaque Evaluation (IPE) and Bleeding on Stimulating (BOS). IPE was developed for more precise evaluation of interdental plaque adherence.
    As a result, concerning IPE, both Brushing group and Stimulating group showed significant improvements at segments Buccal (B) and Lingual (L) (p< 0.05), but at segments Proximo-Buccal (PB), Contact (C) and Proximo-Lingual (PL) only the Stimulating group showed significant improvements (p< 0.05). Concerning BOP, both groups showed significant improvements at segments B and L (p< 0.05), but only the Stimulating group showed significant improvements at segments PB and PL (p< 0.05). Concerning PD, both groups showed tendencies of improvements at segments B and L. At segments PB and PL, the Stimulating group showed significant improvements (p<0.05) at 2 and 4 weeks but the Brushing group showed no significant changes throughout the experiment. Concerning BOS, the Stimulating group showed significant improvements from the second week, but the Brushing group showed no significant changes throughout the experiment. Concerning GI and GCF, the Stimulating group showed significant improvement at 6 weeks (p<0.05), but no significant changeswere observed in the Brushing group. As a conclusion, it was shown that interdental stimulating is effective in interdental cleaning and in the reduction of interdental inflammation.
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