Nihon Shishubyo Gakkai Kaishi (Journal of the Japanese Society of Periodontology)
Online ISSN : 1880-408X
Print ISSN : 0385-0110
ISSN-L : 0385-0110
Volume 39, Issue 2
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
  • [in Japanese]
    1997 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 166
    Published: June 28, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Shuichi Isobe
    1997 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 167-183
    Published: June 28, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this ultrastrctural study inves-tigated regenerative connective tissue attachment by guided tissue regeneration in mongrel dogs.
    On the buccal aspect of the mesial roots of premolars, bony defects were created by removing buccal bone to a level of about 5mm in depth from the cemento-enamel junction. In order to inhibit bone growth, defects were filled with rubber base impression materials before suturing. Four weeks later, the mucoperiosteal flaps were elevated again and the impression materials were carefully removed. Scaling and root planing were performed, and then sterilized and well-adjusted expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membranes were applied to cover the bony defects and fixed firmly with sling sutures. Flaps were then closed with interrupted sutures. The membranes were removed 6 weeks later. Untreated teeth were used as controls. Observation periods were 14, 22 and 30 weeks after the membrane application. At the end of each observation period, animals were sacrificed for specimen preparation. Light microscope, transmis-sion electron microscope and scanning electron microscope were utilized for the histological obser-vations.
    Different amounts of dentin were scraped by scaling and root planing. New cementum were formed in these spaces in all the specimens. At the dentino-cemental junction, the intrinsic collagen fibers of cementum were intermingled with the matrix fibrils of dentin.
    Collagen bundles inserted into new cementum could be divided into 3 groups by their origin. The bundles at the coronal third region originated from the gingival connective tissue. Those at the middle region originated from both the gingival connective tissue and the periodontal ligament. Those at the apical third region originated from the periodontal ligament.
    These results indicated that the tissue regenerat-ed by GTR had specific connective tissue attach-ment which included newly formed cementum.
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  • Shuichi Kitaya, Hiroshi Nakaya, Kyuichi Kamoi
    1997 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 184-191
    Published: June 28, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of root demineralization on fibronectin ad-sorption in vitro. Root segments prepared from periodontally-diseased teeth were thoroughly planed to remove cementum, and were divided into 3 groups (control, citric acid treatment and tetra-cycline treatment). Fibronectin adsorption was evaluated by quantitative analxsis using 125I Fi-bronectin and immuno-scanning electron micros-copy. Fibronectin adsorption increased in a time -dependent fashion in all groups. Citric acid treat-ment and tetracycline treatment caused a signifi-cant increase in fibronectin adsorption, but there was no significant difference beween the citric acid and tetracycline treatments. In the morphological observation, control group root surfaces resulted formed a smear layer, whereas citric acid treatment and tetracycline treatment removed the smear layer and exposed collagen fibers. Fibronectin adsorp-tion was also observed on the exposed collagen fibers by immuno-scanning electron microscopy. These results suggest that dentin collagen exposure by root demineralization is useful for clinical appli-cation of fibronectin in periodontal therapy.
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  • Observation by Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy
    Hisahiro Kamoi
    1997 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 192-204
    Published: June 28, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Morphological evaluation of the three-dimen-sional relationship between organ and tissue ele-ments is essential for the study of normal tissue formation and the analysis of periodontal lesions. With conventional methods of observation relying on two-dimensional histological specimens, it has often been difficult to make three-dimensional observations. Laminin, which is found in the extracellular matrix, has a variety of functions, and various strdies have described the distribution of laminin in periodontal tissue. The present study was undertaken to observe the three-dimensional distribution of laminin in mouse periodontal tissue with a confocal laser microscope, and to examine the distribution of laminin during the onset of exper-imental periodontitis.
    A confocal laser microscope was used to follow changes in the distribution of laminin in the peri-odontal tissue of normal mice and mice with experi-mental periodontitis. Histological observations using hematoxylin-eosin staining and three-dimen-sional analyses of the distribution of extracellular matrix laminin by the indirect fluorescent antibody method were performed, and the following results were obtained.
    1. In normal mouse periodontal tissue, laminin was located in the basal membrane of the gingival epithelium and in the vessels and nerves of the lamina propria of the gingiva. Three dimensional examination of laminin distribution provided three -dimensional pictures of the arrangement of the basal membrane, the morphology and distribution of the papillae in the lamina propria mucosae and the distribution of vessels and nerves.
    2. Laminin was also detected in the internal basal lamina of normal mouse periodontal tissue.
    3. During the onset of experimental peri-odontitis in mice, laminin was located in the basal membrane of the gingival epithelium and in the vessels and nerves of the lamina propria of the gingiva. Laminin was also detected in inflamed areas (gingival epithelium and lamina propria of the gingiva).
    These findings indicate that three-dimensional examination with a co-focal laser microscope is useful in determining the distribution of extracel-lular matrix laminin in normal periodontal tissue and in periodontal tissue during the onset of experi-mental periodontitis. This technique provided three-dimensional images of the arrangement of the laminin-containing basal memberane, the morphol-ogy and distribution of the papillae in the lamina propria mucosae, and the arrangement of vessels and nerves in the periodontal tissue of the normal mouse. Observations by this technique also revealed the presence of laminin in inflamed gin-gival epihelium and the lamina propria of the gin-giva as the region of periodontitis expanded.
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  • Effects of Sonicated Bacterial Extracts from Anaerobic Gram-negative Bacteria
    Kazuhiko Nakata, Yoshitaka Sato, Takahiro Iwata, Tsutomu Yoshida, Kazu ...
    1997 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 205-216
    Published: June 28, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the role of human periodontal ligament (PL) cells, which are non-inflammatory and typical resident cells in periapical connective tissue, in periapical tissue disease. We examined the effects of sonica-tcd bacterial extracts (SBE) from 4 bacterial species, Porphyromonas endodontalis (PE), For-phyromonas gingivalis (PG), Prevotella intermedia (PI) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (FN), which are closely associated with periapical disease, on extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation by PL cells. PL cells were obtained from periodontal ligament tissue of freshly extracted human teeth and used for experiments at passage levels 5-9. After the cells had reached confluence, they were further incubated for 48 hours in culture medium with SBE (final concentration: 10μg protein/ml). We determined the activities of matrix metallo-proteinases (interstitial collagenase, MMP-1: gelatinase A, MMP-2) and the concentrations of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) in the medium.
    The results were as follows:
    1. Production of active MMP-1 was not in-creased by any of the SBE tested, however total MMP-1 production was slightly inhibited by PG and PI, whereas it was accelerated by FN.
    2. Production of active MMP-2 was significantly accelerated by PE and PG, whereas total MMP-2 production was slightly inhibited by PI.
    3. TIMP-1 production was increased by PG and FN.
    4. TIMP-2 production was markedly elevated by all SBE. In summary, each SBE derived from these bacte-rial species appeared to show differing effects on the induction of MMPs and TIMPs produced by PL cells. Our findings suggest that PL cells stimulated by extracts from PE, PG, PI, and FN may be involved in the pathogenesis of periapical disease.
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  • Yukio Ozaki, Kazushi Kunimatsu, Koichi Tajiri, Yoshitaka Hara, Ihachi ...
    1997 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 217-225
    Published: June 28, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    To clarify the changes in cell proliferative ability of fibroblasts and the mechanism of nifedipine (NF) -induced gingival overgrowth, a representa-tive medication-induced gingival overgrowth, an immunohistochemical study was performed using anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibody. The gingival tissues from patients on NF with gingival overgrowth (responder, R) were compared with those of patients on NF without overgrowth (non-responder, NR), non-drug taking patients with enlarged gingivae caused by dental plaque (ND) and healthy control subjects (Control) on the basis of distribution and density of PCNA positive cells in the tissues. Five patients in each group were randomly selected and biopsies were obtained during periodontal surgery or tooth extrac-tion, processed routinely in paraffin wax and seri-ally sectioned. These specimens were immunos-tained by mouse anti-PCNA monoclonal antibody. The fibroblasts and epithelial cells in each group contained the immunoreactive products. The den-sity of PCNA positive fibroblasts per unit area was highest in the R group and declined in the ND and NR groups. Statistically significant differences were found between the R and ND groups (p< 0.05), the R and NR groups (p<0.01), and the ND and NR groups (p<0.05), while no significant difference was seen between the NR and Control groups. Likewise, from comparisons of frequency in PCNA positive fibroblasts between highly and poorly cell-infiltrated areas in the connective tis-sues, a significant difference was seen only in gin-gival tissues of the NR group, while there were no differences in the areas of groups R and NR. These findings may suggest the possibility of enhan-cement in proliferative ability of fibroblasts in NF -induced gingival overgrowth, although the number of infiltrated inflammatory cells was not related to that of proliferating fibroblasts.
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  • Haruyoshi Fujishiro, Yasunari Ohshima, Yugo Asai, Hitoshi Kawase, Tama ...
    1997 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 226-233
    Published: June 28, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: November 29, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The aim of the present study was to analyze a potential relationship between bone atrophy in the lumbar spine and the periodontal condition in post-menopausal women with periodontal problems. Thirty-eight female patients who agreed to partici-pate in this study were divided into two groups, based on the radiographic analysis of the degree of bone atrophy in the lumbar spine: 18 patients without bone atrophy (group N, mean age 57.0± 1.6) and 20 patients with bone atrophy (group A, mean age 60.0± 1.5). Bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. BMD values and percentage of BMD compared to peak bone mass or age-matched bone mass were 0.902± 0.029g/cm2, 105.6± 3.4%, and 83.2± 2.7% in group N, and 0.763± 0.003g/cm2, 90.8± 3.4%, and 69.2± 2.6% in group A, respectively. BMD levels in group A were significantly lower than those in group N (p< 0.05). The two groups did not differ significantly in any physical or social variables. The number of teeth present and the percentage of treated teeth were 26.0± 0.6 and 46.0± 4.2% in group N, and 23.0± 1.0 and 57.0± 5.3% in group A, respectively. The mean probing depth, the mean attachment level and the percentage of sites with bleeding on probing were 2.6± 0.2mm, 3.3± 0.2mm and 19.2± 3.9% in group N, and 2.7± 0.1mm, 3.5± 0.2mm and 30.8± 4.3% in group A, respectively. The percentage of sites with bleeding on probing in group A was significantly higher than in group N (p<0.05). The percentages of teeth with± 21%/50% alveolar bone loss were 53.1± 7.5% and 20.0± 4.7% in group N, and 65.3± 6.9% and 29.6± 5.4% in group A, respectively. Alveolar bone loss in group A was higher than that in group N. These results indicate that the degree of bone atrophy in the lumbar spine may be associated with periodontal breakdown, but further investigation is warranted.
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  • Takashi Miyata, Yukinao Kobayashi, Kitetsu Shin, Youichi Motomura, His ...
    1997 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 234-241
    Published: June 28, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We have been investigating the effect of occlusal trauma on osseointegrated implants to determine the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis that develops around the peri-implant tissue. In the first study, we placed experimental IMZ implants in crab-eat-ing monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) that had good oral health and mounted a 100-μm super-high superstructure in each animal to produce experi-mental occlusal trauma to the implant for one to four weeks. The results of histopathological examination showed that the implant integrated firmly with the bone, without bone resorption by trauma, in all animals. In particular, the monkeys that received an excessive traumatic occlusal force for three to four weeks showed obvious new bone formation on the outer side of the overload area. In this present study, a continuation of the first study, the same monkey model received an exces-sive traumatic occlusal force according to the same procedure. However, in addition, experimental inflammation was induced around the implant. The results showed that as the period of overload-ing of traumatic occlusal force progressed, the peri -imprant tissues clearly deteriorated, as evidenced by vertical bone resorption. These results suggest that peri-implant tissue destruction is encouraged by the combination of peri-implant inflammation and traumatic occlusal force, and that the excessive force clearly affects the process of peri-implantitis
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  • Comparison of Dental Prescale with Modified Black Silicon Methods
    Hisao Araki, Kitetsu Shin, Youichi Motomura, Yukinao Kobayashi, Takash ...
    1997 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 242-249
    Published: June 28, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: November 29, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study clinically compared the accuracy of the Dental Prescale with modified black silicon methods in the measurement of the occlusal contact area. Five subjects who satisfied the requirement for this study and did not have any periodontal disease participated in this study (mean age: 25.6± 0.8). The tested sites were the left and right molar regions. Occlusion at the intercuspal oc-clusal position was obtained by applying the Dental Prescale (50 H, type R) and modified black silicon (Bite Checker) methods 3 times respectively per subject. An NIH image and a Power Macintosh 7500 computer were used to calculate the occlusal contact area. An Occluser (FDD 703) was also used with the Dental Prescale method. The results were as follows: 1. The occlusal contact shape obtained by the Dental Prescale method was differ-ent from that by the modified black silicon method, 2. The occlusal contact areas measured by the Dental Prescale method (Occluser, 17.6± 7.2 mm2, NIH image, 12.1± 4.5 mm2) were statistically smal-ler (p<0.05) than those measured by the modified black silicon method (39.8± 13.9 mm2), 3. This difference in the occlusal contact area was greatest for the first premolar, followed by the second premolar, the first molar and the second molar, 4. The distance between the left and right second molar was greater with the Dental Prescale method than with the modified black silicon method (p< 0.05). These results suggested that the different measurement methods had different occlusal con-tact areas.
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  • Takahiro Shimojima, Miki Hiroi, Yumie Tanbo, Yotaro Sudo, Katsumi Iked ...
    1997 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 250-263
    Published: June 28, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: November 29, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study examined the intake frequency of foodstuffs and dietary habits in patients with mod-erate adult periodontitis. Forty-four patients, 26 females and 18 males, constituted the study popula-tion. The intake frequencies of various foods were investigated using a specially structured question-naire, and we required the balance-score (BS), which classifies the 12 food-types into the 6 types recognized by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, to obtain total evaluation, and to provide a score that reflected the balance of food intake. More-over, in order to investigate the relationship between BS and dietary habits (15 questions) and/or life style (8 questions), we evaluated the BS as good balance (26≥BS≥14) and as imbalance (13≥BS≥0), and we employed the chi-square test for statistical analysis.
    The average BS was 12.5 (female 13.1 and male 10.6), and 50.0% of females and 83.3% of males were evaluated as imbalanced. We found a rela-tionship between BS and the intake frequencies of seafood, beans, vegetables, and fruit. This means, in the imbalance group, the frequency of these foodstuffs is less, and this difference is statistically significant (P<0.01). Futhermore, we found a relationship between BS and dietary habits such as missing meals, combination of foods and preference for taste. The BS was increased in subjects who took breakfast everyday and who showed thought-ful food combination, while the BS tends was lower in the subjects with a preference for strong taste (P<0.01). In life style scores, smokers had lowes scores than non-smokers (P<0.01).
    These results suggest that many patients with adult periodontitis have an imbalance in food intake and this imbalance may be related to their dietary habits and life style.
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  • Yutaka Higuchi, Masayuki Takigawa, Hideo Arai, Norifumi Washio, Hyogo ...
    1997 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 264-272
    Published: June 28, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) is one of proinflammatory cytokines produced as early inflammatory responses, and is suggested to partici-pate in the establishment of inflammatory lesions. To understand the regulatory role of TNF-a on periodontal connective tissue, we evaluated the effect of TNF-a on DNA synthesis, collagenous and non-collagenous protein synthesis, prostaglan-din E2 (PGE2) productivity, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) -A chain mRNA expression in human gingival fibroblasts (HGF).
    Results indicated that 1) TNF-a promoted DNA synthesis, both collagenous and non-col-lagenous protein synthesis in HGF, 2) TNF-a markedly enhanced PGE2 production in HGF, 3) inhibition of PGE2 synthesis by the addition of in-domethacin, further augmented the ability of DNA synthesis and collagenous and non-collagenous pro-tein synthesis in HGF, and 4) TNF-a enhanced the expression of PDGF-A chain mRNA in HGF.
    These results suggest that TNF-a enhances the DNA synthesis and extracellular matrix protein synthesis in HGF, but endogenous PGE2 which is induced by TNF-a, partially blocks these effects. Furthermore, the enhancement of DNA synthesis in response to TNF-a could be possibly mediated by autocrine PDGF.
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  • Comparison with the Peroxidase Method
    Mitsuhiro Ohshima, Kuniharu Suzuki, Masahiro Eda, Michitomo Sato, Koic ...
    1997 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 273-280
    Published: June 28, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A test paper strip using anti-human hemoglobin monoclonal antibody for immunological detection of hemoglobin (immunological method) was used for detection of salivary occult blood, and its sensi-tivity was compared with that of a conventional test paper using the peroxidase method.
    The immunological method responded to 0.1μg/ ml hemoglobin making it about 100-fold more sensi-tive than the peroxidase method. On the other hand, the peroxidase method detected myeloperoxidase at 3U/ml or above and lactoperoxidase at 100U/ml or above, whereas the immunological method showed no response to these enzymes which were not derived from red blood cells. A comparison between the immunological and peroxidase methods applied to cinically healthy or edentulous subjects (control group) and periodontally diseased subjects (test group) revealed a 77.6% correspondence ratio. When the immunological and peroxidase methods were tested in control subjects, 100% nega-tive and 30% positive reactions were obtained, respectively. These results indicate that a propor-tion of positive responses to the peroxidase method are probably false-positive due to peroxidase in saliva, and that the immunological test paper might detect human hemoglobin more specifically. Therefore, a test paper using the immunological method appears to be a useful approach for the detection of occult blood in saliva.
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