Nihon Shishubyo Gakkai Kaishi (Journal of the Japanese Society of Periodontology)
Online ISSN : 1880-408X
Print ISSN : 0385-0110
ISSN-L : 0385-0110
Volume 43, Issue 3
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
  • Hidekazu Konishi, Masamitsu Kawanami, Hiroshi Kato
    2001 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 339-
    Published: 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: November 22, 2021
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
  • Seidai Murai
    2001 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 197-203
    Published: September 28, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
  • Takafumi Nakamura, Akira Hasegawa
    2001 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 204-216
    Published: September 28, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Gingival thickness is thought to be related to treatment periodontal disease, gingival recession, and progression of gingival inflammation. By ascertaining this thickness, we can diagnose periodontal diseases and optimize treatment, properly planned periodontal treatment is extremely important to prognosis. We used a noninvasive ultrasonic device (SDM™, Krupp GmbH, Germany) to measure mucosal thickness and preliminarily confirm the replictability and accuracy of data. It was then used to measure clinically healthy gingiva classified as thick or thin gingiva based on average thickness. We used these categories to study changes in gingival thickness in the initial treatment patients with periodontal disease. Clinical parameters were evaluated and histological studies conducted, with the following resultes:
    1. Data obtained by the SDM™was highly reliable and the SDM™was clinically applicable.
    2. Mean thickness of clinically healthy gingiva was 0.92±0.42mm.
    3. In cases of thin gingiva (SDM™<1.4mm), inflammation promptly ceased. Although the probe depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) markedly inproved, gingival recession occurred easily. In cases of thick gingiva (SDM™±1.4mm), inflammation decreased slowly and PD and CAL did not readilyimprove.
    4. The results of histological studies based on differences in gingival thickness indicated differences in the thickness of the stratum corneum and epithelium and the ratio that connective tissues accounted for.
    SDM™measurement indicated that the device was clinically useful in determining gingival thickness and that differences in gingival thickness showed associated differences in clinical parameters and histological observation. J. Jpn. Soc. Periodontol., 43: 204-216, 2001.
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  • Taichi Tamura
    2001 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 217-226
    Published: September 28, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Human gingival epithelial cells (HGE) may play an important role in progression, especially periodontal pocket formation and healing of periodontitis. The extracellular matrix (ECM) has attracted much attention as a important factor in cell attachment, proliferation, and migration because of its ability to promote metabolic HGE activity. We studied the effects of several ECMs. osteopontin (OP), laminin (LM), and fibronectin (FN) on cell attachment, proliferation, migration, expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAR) and paxillin, and tyrosine phosphorylation of these cytoskeletal proteins in HGEs. Cells were cultured using a serum-free keratinocyte growth medium Bullet kit (KGM, Clonetics, USA) on dishes coated with OP, LM, or FN and non coated (control) dishes. Cell attachment and migration were significantly enhanced in cultures in FN-coated dishes, and cell proliferation was significantly stimulated in the cells cultured in OP-coated dishes, while cell migration tended to be inhibited incultures in LM-coated dishes. FN snd OP markedly stimulated the expression of FAK, and FN markedly enhanced paxillin expression in cells. The expression of 125 kDa tyrosine phosphorylated FAK was markedly enhanced in cultures in FN-coated dishes or and that of 68 kDa tyrosine phosphorylated paxillin in FN and LM-coated dishes. These results suggest that FN and OP may act on periodontal pocket formation and healing of periodontitis by stimulating cell attachment and migration or cell proliferation in HGE, and that the stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of cytoskeletal proteins may be related to FN action on cellular activity in HGE. J. Jpn. Soc. Periodontol., 43: 217-226, 2001.
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  • Kazuto Makigusa, Isumi Toda, Fumihiko Suwa
    2001 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 227-239
    Published: September 28, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
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    We studied the microvasculature of the mandibular periosteum in Japanese monkeys, to determine the morphological features of the vascular network and its relation ship to histological properties of surrounding tissue. Microvascular casts were prepared using acrylic resin injection and examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), then serial histological specimens were prepared and observed by light microscopy.
    We did not find a deep layer of the periosteum vascular network, where vessels and cells are generally abundant, in the gingival area. A double structure composed of a deep vascular network layer consisting of a dense capillary network and a superficial layer consisting of a coarse and irregular vascular network formed in the alveolar mucous area. In the deep layer, the vascular network of the periosteum notably varied in morphology between the gingival area and alveolar mucous area on the alveolar bone surface. Histological features of the mucous membrane strongly reflected the vascular network of the periosteum. The deep layer of the alveolar mucous area varied in vascular morphology and distribution, corresponding to the convexo-concave bone. In the body of the mandible, the mesh structure of the deep layer was more coarse than that of the alveolar mucous area, where we found emissary veins passing through the large perforating lumen. Observation from the bone side clearly confirmed the margin of the gingival-alveolar mucosa and the margin between the alveolar area and body of the mandible, based on differences in the vasculature of the periosteum network.
    Our findings showed that the vascular network of the mandible periosteum differed for the gingival and alveolar mucous areas and the body of the mandible, reflecting the histological features of surrounding tissue. In the gingival area specifically, tissue homeostasis was maintained by close cooperation between the alveolar bone and periodontal membrane. J. Jpn. Soc. Periodontol., 43: 227-239, 2001.
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  • Satoru Inagaki
    2001 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 240-250
    Published: September 28, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Arginine-specific cysteine proteinase (Arg-gingipain: Rgp) produced by Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major virulence factor of this periodontal pathogen, which is thought to play an important role in periodontitis by interrupting host defense mechanisms and by participating in the penetration and destruction of host connective tissues. We studied the IgG response against Rgp A components in patients with early-onset periodontitis (EOP) and adult periodontitis (AP). We cloned3 fragments of rgpA (r-Rgp CAT, r-Rgp 44, and r-Rgps 15-27, corresponding to amino acid residues 228 to 719, 720 to 1136, and 1137 to 1704) and purified recombinant RgpA components. The IgG antibody titers in sera obtained from patients with 29 EOP, 53 AP, and 22 periodontally healthy subjects (controls) were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IgG titers against whole cell antigens of P. gingivalis ATCC 33277, r-Rgp 44, and r-Rgps 15-27 were significantly higher in EOP and AP patients than in controls (p<0.0001). In IgG titer against r-Rgp CAT, howevers no significant difference was seen between AP patients and controls, in dicating that antibody production against r-Rgp CAT is difficult in AP patients. Oun findings suggest that the low responsiveness of antibody products to the RgpA catalytic domain is a factor in AP development. J. Jpn. Soc. Periodontal., 43: 240-250, 2001.
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  • Michiko Matsumura, Tadao Ohsaki, Yukihiro Numabe, Kyuichi Kamoi
    2001 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 251-259
    Published: September 28, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We studied the amount of dead polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in gingival clevicular fluid (GCF) under going apoptosis comparing gingiva in adult periodontitis patients and healthy controls. GCF PMNs (GC-PMNs) were collected from 5 patients with adult periodontitis and 5 controls. To study the effect on peripheral blood PMNs (PB-PMNs) death by GCF, we isolated PB-PMNs from controls. GCF supernatant was taken from healthy (H-GCF) and diseased (AP-GCF) gingiva. To identify apoptotic and necrotic cells, FITC-annexinV and propidium iodide were used with flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. We found much higher rate of apoptotic (19.48±2.4%), and necrotic (16.79±4.8%) cells in AP-GCF; the rate of apoptotic and necrotic cells in H-GCF was 3.25±1.86% and 3.52±3.4%. Significantly fewer living cells were found in AP-GCF than in H-GCF. Comparisons among the rate of apoptotic cells of PB-PMNs stimulated by GCF showed controlled (3.87±1.1%) and AP-GCF (3.12±0.87%) to both be significantly higher than H-GCF (1.59±0.57%).
    These results demonstrate that diseased sites contain GC-PMNs that under go eithe apoptosis or necrosis more readily than in healthy subjects. J. Jpn. Soc. Periodontol., 43:251-259, 2001
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  • Yasuko Saitoh, Youichi Saitoh, Yukihiro Numabe, Kyuichi Kamoi
    2001 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 260-272
    Published: September 28, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The periodontal disease is believed to worsen due to inflammation and destruction of periodontal tissue caused by bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) released by the breakdown of bacteria due to a biological reaction between Gram negative bacteria and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) that migrate to the infection site. To study the effects of LPS on PMN, we pretreated PMN with E. coli-derived LPS and examined PMN phagocytic ability, Fcγ receptors, and C 3 bi receptors using flow cytometry (FCM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), with the following results :
    1) The phagocytic rate increased significantly in the 0.01mg/ml and 0.1mg/ml LPS groups compared to the control group, while a significant decrease occurred in the 10 mg/ml LPS group.
    2) The degree of phagocytosis significantly increased in the 0.01mg/ml and 0.1 mg/ml LPS groups compared to the control group.
    3) The expression of Fcγ receptors tended to increase LPS-dose-dependently, with a significant decrease in the 10 mg/ml LPS group compared to the control group.
    4) The expression of Fc. A receptors tended to increase LPS-dose-dependently, with a significant decrease in the 10mg/ml LPS group compared to the control group.
    5) Continuous tomography of bead-ingesting phagocytes using CLSM showed beads inside cells and on the cell surface.
    6) CLSM revealed Fcγreceptors are present uniformly throughout the entire cell membrane, while C 3 bi receptors were observed at several locations on the cell membrane.
    Oun results thus show important differences in where foreign substances adhere to the PMN surface and when they are taken up into PMNs during PMN phagocytosis. They also shed light on location, in PMN receptors. J. Jpn. Soc. Periodontol., 43: 260-272, 2001.
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  • Koichi Fukai, Mari Kato, Nobuyuki Tomii, Misaki Ohmori, Mie Uchida, Iz ...
    2001 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 273-282
    Published: September 28, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Scalers are an important tool in periodontal therapy in efficient effective calculus removal and root planing. Despite the plethora of information on scaler use, on little exists on scaler management, so we surveyed factors that could affect management, focusing the efficacy of an electric honing machine (PerioStar®, Mikrona, Switzerland) compared to manual sharpening in the periodontal clinic. Four modified Colombia and seven Gracy scalers were studied ; all used a double-ended curette. Each scaler was used in periodontal treatment and resharpened with the electric honing machine. The cycle was repeated in the sequence of treatment, washing, sterilization, blade checking, resharpening, and sterilizing. All scalers were used up with in 91 days. In addition, three sets of the scalers were provided in a single blinded test to examine sharpness with a visual analog scale. Each scaler of a sethad no treatment or hand sharpening or electric honing. The test was couducted in root planing during flap operations. Results indicated the number of times untill wasting out on scalers improved to 59.4±15.4 times per scaler compared to out pevious study with hand sharpening. Time spent in resharpening was 56 ±26 second per scaler, and sharpening deformation were minimum. The blinded test indicated the superior sharpness provided by electric honing compared to manual sharpening and an unused one (p<0.05: ANOVA).
    We concluded the electric honing machine was effective in periodontal therapy, providing minimum deformation, superior sharpness, and time saving in resharpening. J. Jpn. Soc. Periodontol., 43: 273-282, 2001.
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  • Satoshi Sekino, Reiko Aiba, Toshifumi Aiba, Takenori Tsukahara, Toshio ...
    2001 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 283-288
    Published: September 28, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    By using several kinds of mouthrinse, its inhibitory effect on the early plaque formation was examined for clinical consideration. Eight adult volunteers aged 25 to 35 years old with apparently healthy gingiva showing no sign of periodontal disease were enrolled in this study. For 14 consecutive days prior to the initiation of study, tooth surface cleaning and oral hygiene instruction were performaed by a dentist. All of these mechanical cleaning manipulations were abandoned at the beginning of experiment and mouthrinsing was performedwith 10 ml of different mouthrinses for one minute a time, twice a day. At the beginning of experiment and again on Day 4, the tooth surface was totally examined by means of Silness and Löe's Plaque Index (PH). After ecamination on Day 4, tooth surface cleaning by the dentist and brushing by the subject were restarted, followed by dincontinuation of tooth cleaning after 10 days and than mouthrinsing with other mouthrinsing agents for subsequent 4 days. Five kinds of mouthrinse were used for this purpose, including 1) distilled water (DW), 2) 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX), 3) acid water prepared by an electrolysis (AW), 4) 0.1% stannous fluoride (SnF2) and 5) 0.02% cetylpyridium chloride-containing mouthrinse (Dentor Systema, Lion) (CPC). Various regions such as whole tooth surface, maxilla, mandible, anterior teeth, premolar, molar, adjacent surface and buccolingual side were examined for comparison. The average PlI value was 0.75 for CHX, 1.21 for AW, 1.20 for SnF2, 1.55 for CPC and 1.61 for DW. A statistical significant differences was observed between CHX and other individual mouthrinses, between AW and CPC or DW as well as between SnF2 and CPC or DW.
    Further, concerning all mouthrinses examined, the PlI value for anterior tooth region was lower than those of premolar and molar regions and the value for buccolingual region was lower than that for adjacent surface. J. Jpn. Soc. Periodontol., 43: 283-288, 2001.
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  • Satoshi Sekino, Reiko Aiba, Toshio Tashiro
    2001 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 289-294
    Published: September 28, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    An inhibitory effect of xylitol-containing preparation or solution at different concentrations with or without chlorhexidine on de novo plaque formation was clinically compared. Ten adult subjects aged 26-34 years old with apparently healthy gingiva showing no sign of periodontal disease were enrolled in this study. Test materials examined this study were: 1) distilled water (negative control) (DW), 2) 65% xylitol combined chewing gum (Xly-fresh®) (XG), 3) 100% xylitol candy (XYROFIN®(XC), 4) 5% xylitol solution (5% X), 5) 20% xylitol solution (20% X) and 6) 5% xylitol solution mixed wiith 0.02% chlorhexidine (XCHX). For 14 consecutive days prior to the experiment, tooth surface cleaning and oral hygiene instruction were performed by a dentist. All mechanical tooth cleaning were abstained at the beginning of experiment. During the study period, the subjects were instructed to chew or suck 2 xylitol combined gums or candies a time, twice a day (total 4 gums or candies), or to rinse with 10 of DW or xylitol solution twice a day for 1 minute each. At the beginning of experiment and again on Day 4, all tooth surface was examined by Silness & Löe's plaque index (PH). After examination on Day 4, tooth cleaning by the dentist and brushing by the subject were restarted followed, both of which were again stopped after 10 days and chewing a gum or sucking a candy or rinsing the mouth was performed for subsequent 4 days. This sequential procedure was repeated 6 times for each of xylitol-containing preparations and solution mentioned above. A statistical significant difference was observed between DW and 5% X or 20% X (p< 0.05) as well as between DW and XCHX (p<0.01). From this study, the following conclusions could be drawn: 1) The inhibitory effect of xylitol-containing chewing gum and candy on de novo plaque formation was revealed to be slightly better to that of the control group but the difference showed no statistical significance. 2) A significant inhibitory effect on de novo plaque formation was observed with use of 5% and 20% xylitol solution. 3) Through addition of 0.02% chlorhexidine to 5% xylitol solution, the inhibitory effect on de novo plaque formation was reinforced. In conclusion, the higher percentage of xylitol solution mixed with chlorhexidine may effective for preventing periodontal desease and caries lesion. J. Jpn. Soc. Periodontol., 43: 289-294, 2001.
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  • Compared to Periodontitis Patients 10 Years Ago
    Yuko Hiroki, Nobuyuki Tomii, Misaki Ohmori, Mari Kato, Koichi Fukai, A ...
    2001 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 295-307
    Published: September 28, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We studied periodontitis severity, oral hygiene, and questionnaire responses at initial visits and compared to results 10 and 5 years previously. We also studied the effectiveness oftreatment as evidenced by improved oral hygiene, and attempted to determine whether the questionnaire provides information useful for treatment.
    We found that patient age at the initial visit was higher than that reported 10 years ago and periodontitis severity had increased. The number of times giving tooth-brushing instructions and scaling was higher than in the past. About 40% of patients, including those on maintenance treatment, had received treatment regularly for 2 years prior to the initial visit. Among these patients, the lowest average on plaque control record (PCR) was 10.8%, consistent with that reported by O'Leary et al. Initial preparation was shown to produce a good improvement in periodontitis.
    In contrast, among patients who r eported several subjective symptoms on the questionnaire, PCR tended to decrease more readily in response to treatment than among those who reported fewer subjective symptoms. This item thus provided information valuable for treatment. Neither habitual smoking nor periodontal treatment experience given on the questionnaire at the initialvisit influenced treatment progress, improved oral hygiene, or affected treatment as such. J. Jpn. Soc. Periodontol., 43: 295-307, 2001.
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  • Mari Kato, Koichi Fukai, Nobuyuki Tomii, Misaki Omori, Akira Hasegawa
    2001 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 308-316
    Published: September 28, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Root caries is one of the common reason for failure during supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). The purpose of this study is to identify effective indicators in predicting the occurrence of root caries.
    Subjects were 50 patients who had been treated for periodontitis in the past, were in 3-6 month regular recall for SPT, and had been maintaining good oral hygiene. Plaque Index, percentage of exposed root surface, rate of saliva secretion, counts of salivary Mutans streptococci and Lactobacilli, and saliva buffering capacity were studied in relation to the incidence of root caries. In addition, the effects of systemic disease, smoking, and usage fluoride products were investigated.
    The average number of new root caries was 2.2±2.9 per patient. Twenty-eight patients developed new root caries during the study while twenty-two patients did not develop any lesions. Between the two groups, there were significant differences in the percentage of exposed root surface, number of existing teeth, and number of root caries observed at the first visit and during initial treatment. The number of root caries correlated significantly with the count of salivary Mutans streptococci and Lactbacilli. Fluoride application appeared to be effective.
    In conclusion, the number of past incidences of root caries is an effective risk indicator of the occurrence of root caries during SPT, and the use of fluoride products is an effective means for preventing root caries. J. Jpn. Soc. Periodontol., 43: 308--316, 2001.
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  • [in Japanese]
    2001 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 318
    Published: September 28, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
  • 2001 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 319-322
    Published: September 28, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    I. Gingival Disease
    A. Dental plaque-induced gingival diseases
    1. Gingivitis associated with dental plaque only
    a. without other local contributingfactors
    b. with local contributing factors (See VIII A)
    2. Gingival diseasesmodified by systemicfactors
    a. associated with the endocrine system
    1) puberty-associated gingivitis
    2) menstrual cycle-associated gingivitis
    3) pregnancy-associated
    a) gingivitis
    b) pyogenic granuloma
    4) diabetes mellitus. associated gingivitis
    b. associated with blood dyscrasis
    1) leukemia-associated gingivitis
    2) other
    3. Gingival diseases modified by medications
    a. drug-influenced gingival diseases
    1) drug-influenced gingival enlargements
    2) drug-influenced gingivitis
    a) oral contraceptive associated gingivitis
    b) other
    4. Gingival diseases modified by malnutrition
    a. ascorbic acid-deficiency gingivitis
    b. other
    B. Non-Plaque-Induced Gingival Lesions
    1. Gingival diseases ofspecific bacterial origin
    a. Neisseria gonorrhea-associated lesions
    b. Treponemapallidum-associated lesions
    c. Streptococcal species-associated lesions
    d. other
    2. Gingival diseases of viral origin
    a. herpesvirus infections
    1) primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
    2) recurrent oral herpes
    3) varicella-zoster infections
    b. other
    3. Gingival diseases of fungal origin
    a. Candida-species infection
    1) generalized gingival candidosis
    b. liniar gingival erythma
    c. histoplasmosis
    d. other
    4. Gingival lesions of genetic origin
    a. hereditary gingival fibromatosis
    b. other
    5. Gingival manifestations of systemic conditions
    a. mucocutaneus disorders
    1) lichen
    2) pemphigoid
    3) pemphigus vulgaris
    4) erythema maltiforme
    5) lupus erythematosus
    6) drug-induced
    7) other
    b. allergic reactions
    1) dental restorative materials
    a) mercury
    b) nickel
    c) acrylic
    d) other
    2) reactions attributable to
    a) toothpastes/dentifrices
    b) mouthrinses/mouthwashes
    c) chewing gum additives
    d) foods and additives
    3) other
    6. Traumatic lesions (factitious, iatrogenic. accidental)
    a. chemical injury
    b. physical injury
    c. thermal injury
    7. Foreign body reactions
    8. Not otherwise specified (NOS)
    II. Chronic Periodontitis
    A. Localized
    B. Generalized
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