In recent years, personality psychologists have focused increasing attention on the problem of meaning in human lives. Considering personality from the standpoint of the three layers of dispositional traits (the person conceived as a social actor), characteristic adaptations (the person as a motivated agent), and integrative life narratives (the person as author), this article identifies important features of personality that are associated with a person's sense that he or she is living a meaningful life. Dispositional traits associated with extraversion and conscientiousness appear to enhance meaning, whereas neuroticism is associated with lower levels of meaning in life. Characteristic adaptations, such as motives and goals, tend to specify what kinds of meanings people make and the specific areas in life where they make meaning. Strongly shaped by culture, integrative life stories show how the person authors a broad meaning for his or her entire life as seen over time.

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本研究では，思春期の抑うつと関連するパーソナリティおよび抑うつの変化に影響を及ぼすパーソナリティの性差について検討するために，中学生417名を対象に5カ月間の間隔をおいた2回の質問紙調査による検討を行った。まず，抑うつと関連するパーソナリティについては，階層的重回帰分析の結果，男子ではCloningerの7次元モデルの自己志向の低さとの関連が最も深く，女子では損害回避の高さとの関連が最も深いことが示された。次に，抑うつの変化に影響を及ぼすパーソナリティについて検討した結果，男女共に報酬依存の低さが抑うつを高めることが予測された。また，男子においてのみ，固執の低さも抑うつを高めることが示され，この固執と抑うつには双方向の影響関係があることが示唆された。

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日本人の若者が，他者との親密な関係を構築していくうえでどのくらい深い自己を開示しながら相互作用を行っているのかを検討できる自己開示尺度は，これまで作成されていない。本研究では，自己開示の深さを測定する自己開示尺度を作成し，尺度の精度を検討するために，299人の大学生を対象に質問紙調査を行った。分析の結果，本尺度は (1) 趣味（レベルI），困難な経験（レベルII），決定的ではない欠点や弱点（レベルIII），否定的性格や能力（レベルIV）などという，深さが異なる4つのレベルの自己開示を測定でき，(2) 開示する相手との関係性に応じて自己開示の深さが異なることを敏感に識別でき，(3) 親和動機および心理的適応度を測定する既存尺度から理論的に予想される結果においても高い相関が見出され，妥当性の高い尺度であることが確認された。

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近年では，内面の被知覚の意識が注目され，内面の被知覚の意識に関する三つの概念が提唱されている。しかし，これまでのところ，三つの概念の相違点や位置づけは示されていなかった。そこで，本論文では，内面の被知覚の意識に関する三つの概念を整理することを目的とした。最初に，内面の被知覚の意識が生じる前提条件を論じた。続いて，内面の被知覚の意識に関連する，透明性の錯覚（Gilovich, Savitsky, & Medvec, 1998），自我漏洩感（丹野・坂本，2001），被透視感（太幡，2006a）について説明した。そして，三つの概念を比較し，位置づけを整理することにより，それぞれの概念の特徴を示した。最後に，諸概念の関係を検討するための視点を論じた。

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本稿の目的は，適用範囲が広く，かつ適切性の基準をもつ機能的アサーションという新たな概念を提唱することであった。機能的アサーションの提唱に当たって，本稿では，アサーションの適用場面の限定性と，アサーションと攻撃的行動との弁別という2つの課題およびその解決方法を検討した。最終的に本稿は，話し手における課題の達成と，聞き手にとっての適切さという2つの機能でアサーションを捉える，機能的アサーションの概念を提唱した。また，機能的アサーションによる新たな適用場面への応用可能性も示唆した。機能的アサーションとは，話し手と聞き手双方の視点に注目した対人コミュニケーションとして定義される。

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The Contingencies of Self-Worth Scale for Japanese Young Adolescents assesses the domains which comprise young Japanese adolescents' sense of their self-worth. Exploratory factor analysis revealed four domains of self-esteem sources: artistic competence, academic competence, athletic competence, and peer relationships. All subscales had high internal consistency and test-retest reliability. In addition, all subscales showed low to moderate correlations with other personality scales, including the big five factors and a narcissistic personality inventory, but not with the Rosenberg self-esteem scale.

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This study examined differences of irrational beliefs and mental health in undergraduates (N=151) categorized into four groups based on prosocial behavior and overadaptation, respectively: High–High, High–Low, Low–High, Low–Low. The results showed that the scores for both irrational beliefs and mental health for the High-High group were higher than for the other three groups. The importance of treating oneself with kindness while helping others was discussed.

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This study investigated concerns about privacy related to the contents of private information and reasons for desiring privacy. In a semi-structured interview, undergraduate and graduate students were asked to indicate information they desired to keep private and the reason for desiring privacy. The results indicated that nearly all participants considered that personal information should be private. Participants who were more concerned about privacy thought that more kinds of personal information require privacy. They tended to regard negative past experiences and distress as being private, and considered their expectations of hesitation of others, embarrassment, and avoiding decreased self-evaluation as their reasons for desiring privacy.

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The study investigated the relationship between women's romantic fantasies and their satisfaction with marital life. The romantic fantasies of 44 women were assessed using implicit and explicit measures (Implicit Association Test and self reports). The results showed that women implicitly (but not explicitly) tended to associate their partners with a prince or hero of a fantasy story, and their implicit romantic fantasies negatively predicted their satisfaction in marital life. The findings suggest that women's implicit attitudes, a psychological dependency to be taken care of by their partners, would produce conflicts with their reality and thus negatively affect their satisfaction in marital life.

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This study investigated beliefs leading to depressive rumination. Undergraduate students (N=155) completed the Positive Beliefs about Depressive Rumination Questionnaire (PBDRQ), the Positive Beliefs about Rumination Scale (PBRS), and a scale of depressive rumination. The PBRS scores were positively correlated with the scale of depressive rumination, but the “Improvement of Problem Solving Ability” and “Promotion of Emotional Regulation” scores of the PBDRQ were not. The results suggest that the beliefs that rumination facilitates understanding of themselves and situations, as measured on the PBRS, were most related to depressive rumination.

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