Journal of The Society of Photographic Science and Technology of Japan
Online ISSN : 1884-5932
Print ISSN : 0369-5662
ISSN-L : 0369-5662
Volume 45, Issue 1
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
  • 1982 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 1
    Published: February 28, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Yoshitada TOMODA
    1982 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 3-16
    Published: February 28, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A review of the world progress of photographic science and technology in 1980. Articles are abstracted from scientific reports and news in journals and periodicals published in 1980 in foreign countries and Japan. Items are as follows: general view, A) silver halide photographic materials, color photography, electrophotography, non-silver photography, B) photographic theory, development process, C) photographic processing, D) applications of photography, E) photographic systems, cameras and equipments.
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  • Minoru TAMURA, Yasuhiko SHIOKAWA
    1982 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 17-23
    Published: February 28, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Macrophotography is the process of taking larger-than-life photographs, but it has serious drawbacks of shallow depth of field and flatter perspective. An optical system which has a pinhole in front of a taking objective has been studied. Optimum diameter of the pinhole and the positioning of the optical elements which provide adequate resolution, perspective and depth of field have been calculated. The experimental results show that the lens-pinhole system gives sufficient perspective and deep field for small objects.
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  • Masanobu OGUCHI, Masao OHTSUKA
    1982 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 24-32
    Published: February 28, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Frieser's formula was obtained as the line spread function for photographic films and papers, using two flux theories and introducing modified Kubelka-Munk's two costants, S' and K', where, Frieser's k is given by 2 (2S'K'+K'2) -1/2/log e.
    Calculated silver density curves of knife-edge exposures were obtained, by calculation and graphical method, using this line spread function and the characteristic curve. The linear portion of this calculated curve moves parallel in proportion to log E-log EF, and this relation coincides with the experimental results. Using this relation, the value of k can also be determined.
    The evaluation value for line-width reproduction, d, was defined as the density on the linear portion of calculated density curve at edge-point produced by the knife-edge exposure, Eγ, which is the optimum exposure required for correct width reproduction when the width of image is perceived in the field of microscope (×50).
    Using d as a medium factor that correlates psychological width to physical width expressed by k and sensitometric parameters, a line-width reproduction equation was obtained by
    log Eγ-log EF = log 2-d/γ
    where, r is the slope of linear portion of the characteristic curve. It was shown that the method to estimate the optimum exposure for line-width reproduction of single line original, using this, is simple and has practical usefulness. With the average value of d (=1.20) for various phototypesetting films and papers, or with the proper value of d for the material, if desired, the optimum exposure can be estimated easily using only sensitometric results.
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  • Yasuo SHIRAI, Goro MIYAMOTO
    1982 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 33-37
    Published: February 28, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    It was found that ferrous developer containing both aminopolycarboxylic acid such as EDTA and carboxylic acid such as citric acid gave a characteristic curve of high contrast and short toe, and that the exhausted developer could be regenerated by exposing it to UV light.
    The developing properties for positive and lith films depended on the concentrations of EDTA and citric acid in the developer and on the pH value. In the absence of KBr, the curve of the highest contrast was obtained when the molar ratios of EDTA and citric acid were, respectively, about 1/3 to one of ferrous concentration at the pH range between 6.5 and 7.5. The development in the lower exposure range was retarded by adding citric acid to the developer. In the developer containing 0.2 mol/l of ferrous ion and 0.067 mol/l of EDTA at pH 7.0, the range of the retardation in the lower exposure range became wider with an increase in the concentration of citric acid until about 0.09 mol/l. However, the excess of citric acid and EDTA accelerated the development in the lower exposure range.
    The addition of KBr to the developer retarded the development in the overall exposure range. The optimum pH value of the developer to obtain the highest contrast became higher than that in the absence of KBr.
    It was also confirmed that the developer gave a phenomenon of image spreading, and that the exhausted developer could be regenerated by adding 5-10 g/l of citric acid to it and the exposing it to UV light.
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  • Masao KOJIMA
    1982 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 38-42
    Published: February 28, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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