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Volume 46 (1983)
- Issue 6 Pages 463-
- Issue 5 Pages 381-
- Issue 4 Pages 251-
- Issue 3 Pages 155-
- Issue 2 Pages 87-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 46, Issue 6
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Yoshitada TOMODA, Shin WATANABE, Takamasa OKAUCHI1983 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 463-469
Published: December 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA technique of photographic recording by way of electric discharge was studied applying a high-voltage direct potential of about 3000 to 8000 volts between two electrodes carrying a film and an object to be recorded in between. Distinct and fine records corresponding to reliefs on the surface of metallic or biological objects were obtained, wherein images carried remarkable long whiskers around periphery of the object. Mechanism of generation of long whiskers is likely the same as that of formation of Lichtenberg's figure. In this sense, conditions for image formation of Lichtenberg's figure were examined under various conditions. The proposed technique can give finer image under a mild discharge condition than that of Kirlian photography.View full abstractDownload PDF (14077K) -
Kenichi KUGE, Ryo HIROHASHI1983 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 470-476
Published: December 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDelayed formation of latent image specks in vacuum and their dispersion have been examined by an arrested development technique for unsensitized monodisperse mono-grainlayer emulsion coatings with large AgBr grains. Delayed formation of latent image specks occurs at each exposure time from 10-6 to 1000 sec. Even with low intensity exposures, several development centers are formed in each grain, and the number of development centers per grain obeys the Poisson distribution law. Delayed formation of latent image specks increases the average number of development centers but does not change their distribution form. The result is different from that of Spencer in which unsensitized emulsion grains had only one development center per grain. This difference may be attributed to the difference in grain size. In large grains, not all the photoelectrons can concentrate to one center even at low intensity. A large grain is divided into several domains in which an independent silver speck formation process occurs. Therefore, plural latent image specks are formed in one grain and delayed formation of latent image specks can occur even with low intensity exposures.View full abstractDownload PDF (842K) -
Yoshiro YONEZAWA, Hiroshi HADA1983 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 477-490
Published: December 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSElectronic redox levels of Ag clusters in an aqueous solution and at the solid-aqueous solution interface have been estimated by using the numerical data of Mitchell about the electronic properties of Ag clusters in a vacuum. We have compared these levels with both the standard redox potentials of H2O, alcohols (CH3OH, CH3CH2OH, (CH3) 2CHOH), a sensitizing dye (Uranine) and the energy bands of solids (n-ZnO, n-TiO2, SiO2) in order to clarify the nature of the photoreduction of Ag+. The quantum yield of the photoreduction has changed markedly with different reaction conditions such as exposure of the reaction system to UV-light absorbed by Ag+, to near UV-light absorbed by the solid, and to visible light absorbed by dye molecule. The existence of the semiconductor surface could stabilize the energy levels of the Ag clusters by adsorption and promote the photochemical electron-transf er reaction at the solid-aqueous solution interface.View full abstractDownload PDF (1880K) -
Hiroyuki KOBAYASHI, Takashi OHNO, Shinya MIZUSAWA1983 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 491-495
Published: December 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInfluence of gelatin on the electrode process of some developing agents, i. e., hydroquinone, Metol, Phenidone and ascorbic acid was investigated by potentiostatic chronoamperometry at the rotating gold disc electrode. The oxidation of Phenidone was little affected by gelatin. But the inhibition effect by gelatin became more remarkable in the order Metol, hydroquinone and ascorbic acid, and in the last case the oxidation was inhibited almost completely in a short period after the beginning of electrolysis. The rotation speed dependence of the decrease in the anodic current density of ascorbic acid suggested the adsorption of gelatin, the rate of which is controlled by diffusion. The area required for an adsorbed gelatin molecule. was calculated. On the other hand, the wave height of the current density-potential curves in Phenidone solutions containing ascorbic acid and gelatin, increased in proportional to the Phenidone concentration and the square root of the ascorbic acid concentration. This suggested the regeneration of Phenidone radical by ascorbic acid and the discriminated charge transfer through adsorbed gelatin between these two developing agents.View full abstractDownload PDF (630K) -
Haruhiko IWANO, Teppei IKEDA, Sadao ISHIGE1983 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 496-504
Published: December 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe possibility of silver-triggered image enhancement using thermal energy transformed from Xenon-flash light was investigated to set up a technology which can stand clear of silver crisis. The photographic material has an imaging layer or layers containing silver halide emulsion with coating weight of approximately 0.1 g-Ag/m2 and a thermally color-formable combination of a bisphenol and a leuco base. The silver halide works as the photo-sensor and the developed silver which itself has an extremely low density works as the trigger of heat-mode dye formation from the acid-base combination.
The imaging process consists of imagewise exposure followed by black-and-white development and a uniform flash exposure of high intensity and short duration.
The amplification as much as 10 times of the density available by conventional black-and-white development were obtained without any loss of photographic speed, but accompanied by a slight change of gradation. The experiment on the simplification of the imaging process indicated a possibility of semi-dry processing of 0.5 min.View full abstractDownload PDF (944K) -
The Effects of Quaternary Salts on the Rate of DevelopmentHiroshi TABE, Hiroshi HAMANO, Shinichi KIKUCHI1983 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 505-509
Published: December 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of quaternary salts on the development by N, N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DEPA) developer and hydroquinone (HQ) developer were studied on the basis of the electrochemical model of development. The effects of dodecylpyridinium chloride (DPC) on the rate of development were good agreement with those on the anodic current of the developer at a gelatin coated silver electrode. Quaternary salt adsorbed on development center changes the structure of the electric double layer and shields in part the effective surface for the anodic reaction of the developer. The acceleration by DPC at the higher concentration in HQ developer can be ascribed to the elimination of the restraining action of gelatin, accompanied with the micell formation. The strong inhibition at the lower concentration may be caused by the intensification of the inhibitory actions of bromide and sulfite ions, by coadsorption on the development center. On the other hand, no elimination and intensification appear in DEPA developer, because gelatin and these ions do not affect substantially on the anodic reaction of the developer.
It was suggested that the charge barrier effect did not need for the explanation of the effects of quaternary salts.View full abstractDownload PDF (610K) -
The Activation Energy for the Development of Silver Chloride Emulsion by Ascorbic Acid DeveloperHiroshi HAMANO, Hiroshi TABE, Shinichi KIKUCHI1983 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 510-513
Published: December 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe temperature dependence of development rate of AgCl emulsion was estimated from the developed silver vs. development time curves calculated from current-potential curves of anodic reaction of ascorbic acid developer and of cathodic reaction of AgCl which were measured on gelatin coated electrodes, and compared with experimentally measured one. The calculated “activation energy ” was in good agreement with the measured energy. It was discussed that the “ activation energy ” of development would be an apparent activation energy which differed from usual activation energy.View full abstractDownload PDF (457K) -
Harry E. SPENCER, Meyer LEVY1983 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 514-524
Published: December 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSulfur sensitization of an octahedral silver bromide emulsion induces high-intensity reciprocity failure, decreases low-intensity reciprocity failure, and increases sensitivity for intermediate intensities. Addition of 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-1, 3, 3a, 7-tetraazaindene (TAI) sensitizes the sulfur-free grains at high intensities and desensitizes at low intensities. If the emulsions are developed without latensification, the addion of TAI to sulfur-sensitized grains sensitizes at high intensities and desensitizes at low intensities. If the emulsions are latensified before development, addition of TAI changes sensitivity very little at high intensities. TAI does not change the distributions of development centers among grains, provided the distributions are compared at equal values of mean number of centers per grain.View full abstractDownload PDF (1497K) -
Shinsaku FUJITA1983 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 525-533
Published: December 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRapid access of instant color photography is discussed on the basis of (1) separation of dye images from silver images by diffusion transfer and (2) formation of positive dye images by direct reversal processes. The first point is clarifies by comparing with conventional color photography. With respect to the 2nd point, image-providing compounds for instant color photography are classified into positiveworking dye-stopping compounds (e.g. dye developers), negative-working dye-releasing compounds (e.g. dye-forming couplers, dye-releasing couplers, amidrazones, thiazolidines, p-sulfonamidonaphthol and osulfonamidophenol dye-releasers), and positive-working dye-releasing compounds (e.g. dye-releasers by intramolecular cyclizations or by quinone methide formation, BEND compounds, and carquins). And then, direct reversal processes using these compounds are reviewed. The importance of precursors in instant color photography (e.g. temporarily shifted dyes, precursors of silver halide solvents, and of reducing agents) is also outlined.View full abstractDownload PDF (1112K) -
1983 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 543-549
Published: December 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (935K)
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