Effects of tener size (
d50) and toner surface-charge density (
q/st) on electrophotographic imagequality factors (i.e. image density for solid area, resolution of line images and reproduction of dot images) have been analyzed by varying the toner surface-area median size (
d50) from 6.8 to 13.5 μm and the carrier surface-area median size (
D50) from 43 to 106 μm in two-component development systems employing the toner and the insulative carrier.
As regards the optical density of toner image for solid area, development efficiency is determined by the toner surface-charge density (
q/st), independently of the toner size (
d50) and the carrier size (
D50), not by the toner charge-to-mass ratio (
q/m) as suggested by Schein and by others. As regards the resolution of line images produced in the rotating direction of the photoreceptor drum, the width of a line broadens by four particles of the toner,
ΔΓ=4·
d50. The resultant resolution for lines is determined by the reciprocal of the broadening width (
ΔΓ).
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