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Rubner Roland
2005 年 18 巻 1 号 p.
3-4
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/07/13
ジャーナル
フリー
The Photoplymer Science and Technology Award No. 051100, the Outstanding Achievement Award 2005, was presented to Roland Rubner (Friedruch-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg) for his outstanding achievement in photopolymer science and technology, "Development of New Advanced Photodefinable Polyimides and Polybenzoxazoles".
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Kawai Akira, Niiyama Takayoshi, Hirano Masahito, Sakata Makoto, ishika ...
2005 年 18 巻 1 号 p.
5-8
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/07/13
ジャーナル
フリー
The Photopolymer Science and Technology Award No.052100, the Best Paper Award 2005, was presented to Akira Kawai, Takayoshi Niiyama, Masahito Hirano, Makoto Sakata and Atsushi Ishikawa, all from Nagaoka University of Technology, for their outstanding contribution published in Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology 17(3), 441-448 (2004), entitled "Cohesion Property of Resist Pattern Surface Analyzed by Tip Indentation Method", ibid., 17(3), 453-456 (2004), entitled "Interaction Force Analysis of Resist Film Surface in Water Vapor", ibid., 17(3), 457-460 (2004), entitled "Meniscus Analysis in Micro Gap During Liquid Drying Process", and ibid., 17(3), 461-464 (2004), entitled "Analysis for Drying Behavior of Rinse Water Depended on Resist Pattern Arrangement".
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Morita Shinzo, Kashem Md. Abul
2005 年 18 巻 1 号 p.
9-10
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/07/13
ジャーナル
フリー
The Photopolymer Science and Technology Award No. 052200, The Best Paper Award 2005, was presented to Shinzo Morita and Md. Abul Kashem (Nagoya University) for their outstanding contribution published in the Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology, 17, 159-163 (2004), entitled "Q-Mass Study on Cooperation Process of PCVD and Spattering for 1 nm Thickness Semi-conductive C-Au-S Film".
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Nishio Toshiro, Iwabuchi Tomoko, Hamaguchi Hitoshi, Kajita Toru
2005 年 18 巻 1 号 p.
11-16
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/07/13
ジャーナル
フリー
Described in this paper are photosensitive column spacer materials used for patterning columnar structures to control the cell gap of LCD panels. The negative-tone photosensitive materials are comprising [meth]acrylatate copolymer, multi-functional acrylic crosslinker, photo-initiator, and organic solvent. The column spacer patterns are obtained from the coated material film using photolithography on a proximity aligner with a high pressure mercury lamp, and post-baked to achieve three-dimensional network prearranged in the unique material design. The column spacers are evaluated on a broad range of characteristics. The highly-crosslinked network structure brings several advantages as permanent component; i.e., excellent chemical resistance, good thermal durability, non-contamination to liquid crystal, and high recovery ratio of compression property. Also, there exists an obvious relation between lithographic conditions and compression property, which is affected by pattern size and shape of the column spacer. The obtained column spacer patterns showed excellent practical reliabilities and good potentials to be successfully utilized for the cell gap control for high definition TFT-LCD panels.
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Kawatsuki Nobihiro, Kuwabara Masaomi, Matsuura Yasushi, Sasaki Tomoyuk ...
2005 年 18 巻 1 号 p.
17-22
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/07/13
ジャーナル
フリー
Photoinduced reorientation of a liquid crystalline copolymer film, which comprises a methacrylate with a 4-(4-methoxycinnamoyloxy)biphenyl (MCB) side group and N-phenylmaleimide (PM), and its application to alignment layer for low-molecular-weight liquid crystals (LC) are described. Adjusting the exposure energy of linearly polarized ultraviolet (LPUV) light and subsequent annealing controlled the reorientation direction of the copolymer film both perpendicular and parallel to the polarization (E) of LPUV light, and LC aligned along the reorientation direction of the mesogenic groups. When using a copolymer film without annealing, LC aligned perpendicular to E of LPUV light regardless of the exposure doses. The LC alignment behavior changed similar to that using the annealed film when LC was injected in the isotropic temperature range of the LC, where a reorientation of the mesogenic groups of the photoalignment layer in contact with LC materials was observed. It was clarified that the molecular reorientation direction of the copolymer film surface played an important role in the LC alignment direction.
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Yamaguchi Rumiko, Kawamura Toru, Sato Yasuhiro, Sato Susumu
2005 年 18 巻 1 号 p.
23-26
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/07/13
ジャーナル
フリー
Photo and plasma surface modifications and rubbing treatment are carried out on a polymer film to change the liquid crystal alignment properties. The side chains of the polymer are crosslinked by the photo and plasma irradiations. Liquid crystal molecules uniformly align perpendicular to the rubbing direction on the unmodified surface. On the other hand, the molecules align parallel on the modified surface. The dichroism of the polarized UV absorption to the rubbing direction is positive in the modified film as compared to the negative dichroism in the unmodified film. The sign of the dichroism is reasonable to explain easy axes of modified and unmodified film surface.
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Murashige Takeshi, Fujikawa Hideo, Sato Hiroto, Kikuchi Hiroshi, Kurit ...
2005 年 18 巻 1 号 p.
27-32
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/07/13
ジャーナル
フリー
We clarified that polymer networks generated in polymer wall formation increase a threshold voltage for switching of a ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) near the polymer walls, from electron/optical microscopy and electrooptic measurement of FLC/polymer composite films. The polymer walls were formed by ultraviolet light irradiation to an FLC/monomer solution through a photomask. The ultraviolet light spreading from the photomask formed the undesirable polymer networks near the polymer walls. The decrease in the light spreading angle and monomer concentration reduced the generation of the polymer networks, which improved the FLC switching behaviors with applied voltages.
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Furue Hirokazu, Uchino Ryosuke, Hatano Jun
2005 年 18 巻 1 号 p.
33-38
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/07/13
ジャーナル
フリー
A photocurable mesogenic monomer was mixed into ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) in which dipole moments of carbonyl groups are the main source of the spontaneous polarization, and then polymer-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal (PSFLC) cells were fabricated. The effect of polymer stabilization on the spontaneous polarization of FLC was researched by analyzing the hindered rotational motion of the carbonyl groups measured using a polarized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Although the degree of hindrance increases due to the polymer stabilization, the polymer stabilization rather strongly influences the tilt angle of FLC molecules which is in proportion to the spontaneous polarization.
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Yonekuta Yasunori, Kurata Takashi, Nishide Hiroyuki
2005 年 18 巻 1 号 p.
39-40
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/07/13
ジャーナル
フリー
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Azuma Kenichi, Nakamura Shigeru, Unate Takao, Nakasuga Akira, Matsukaw ...
2005 年 18 巻 1 号 p.
41-46
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/07/13
ジャーナル
フリー
Novel photosensitive insulating materials by organic-inorganic hybrid technologies have been developed. These materials are comprised of organic silsesquioxane (OSQ) and photo acid generators (PAGs). OSQ is soluble in alkaline solutions. After UV light was exposed to OSQ and post exposure baking (PEB), OSQ was cross-linked and became insoluble in alkaline solutions of the resulting patterns with high photosensitivity. We found that the OSQ with low post-baking temperature had high insulating performance and transparency
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Gousi Kenichi, Sasabe Hiroyuki, Adachi Chihaya
2005 年 18 巻 1 号 p.
47-50
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/07/13
ジャーナル
フリー
The phosphorescence intensities of the green phosphor
fac tris(2-phenylpyridine) iridium [Ir(ppy)
3] in a polymethylmethacrylate [PMMA] host matrix are independent of temperature, while the phosphorescence lifetimes increase significantly at temperatures below T ∼ 50 K. In this paper, we propose a phosphorescence decay mechanism for Ir(ppy)
3 to rationalize the characteristic temperature dependence of the transient phosphorescence. By comparing a numerical model with the experimental data, we demonstrate that mutual energy transfer between the sub-levels of triplet states can explain the characteristic temperature dependence.
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Koizumi Ryo, Yamada Masayoshi, Soga Kohei, Nagasaki Yukio
2005 年 18 巻 1 号 p.
51-53
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/07/13
ジャーナル
フリー
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Sato Norifusa, Cho Jun-Sang, Higuchi Masayoshi, Yamamoto Kimihisa
2005 年 18 巻 1 号 p.
55-58
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/07/13
ジャーナル
フリー
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Mori Tatsuo, Iwama Yuki
2005 年 18 巻 1 号 p.
59-63
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/07/13
ジャーナル
フリー
We studied polycrystallization phenomena of naphthyl-substituted diamine derivative (NPD) on three kinds of ITO substrates. While keeping specimens in vacuum desiccator, the growth rate of NPD films fabricated by 2 nm/s was twice that of NPD fabricated by 0.2 nm/s. In addition, the smooth ITO substrate supports a higher growth rate than the rough ITO substrate. The number of nucleations was concluded to depend on the kind of ITO, but not on deposition. The introduction of CuPc between ITO and NPD suppressed polycrystallization. The reduction of molecular motion, i.e. migration, was found to be effective for suppression of polycrystallization.
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Karatsu Takahashi, Hazuku Reiko, Nishioka Daisuke, Nagai Shiki, Kobaya ...
2005 年 18 巻 1 号 p.
65-68
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/07/13
ジャーナル
フリー
Photoluminescence (PL) and Electroluminescence (EL) abilities of 9,10-bis(silylethynyl)antheacene were investigated. Fluorescence quantum yield of these compounds increased drastically and reached nearly unity by the substitution of silylethynyl groups for 9, 10-position of anthracene. EL devices made of 9,10-bis triphyenylsilylethynyl)anthracene showed greenish yellow EL, and the use of PEDOT/PSS and Alq
3 improves the performance of the device.
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Kawanishi Yuji, Suzuki Yasuzo, Sakuragi Masako
2005 年 18 巻 1 号 p.
69-72
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/07/13
ジャーナル
フリー
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Soga Kohei, Koizumi Ryo, Yamada Masayoshi, Matsuura Daisuke, Nagasaki ...
2005 年 18 巻 1 号 p.
73-74
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/07/13
ジャーナル
フリー
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Yasuda Takeshi, Lee Sang-Ho, Furusawa Yoshinobu, Tsutsui Tetsuo
2005 年 18 巻 1 号 p.
75-78
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/07/13
ジャーナル
フリー
We investigated the influence of contact barrier height on the performance of polymer field-effect transistors (FETs) by using metals with work functions closely matching the electron and hole transport levels of the polymer or by adjusting the individual HOMO/LUMO levels of the polymer layer. No clear relationship between the bulk mobilities measured by time-of-flight method and the field-effect mobilities calculated from saturation drain current was found in the present study. In contrast, the field-effect mobilities in π-conjugated polymers used in this study show a tendency to slightly increase with a decrease in carrier injection barrier.
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Okada Hiroyuki, Naka Shigeki, Sato Ryuichi, Shibata Miki, Miyashita Ta ...
2005 年 18 巻 1 号 p.
79-82
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/07/13
ジャーナル
フリー
Self-alignment (SA) technologies and multiple integration of organic electronic devices are introduced. For obtaining higher device performance, self-alignment technology is effective. For example, SA organic field effect transistor (OFET) can be realized using back surface exposure for gate electrode as a mask and lift-off technique for formation of source/ drain regions. Another self alignment technology under study is formation of emission region in organic light emitting diode (OLED) using ink-jet printing (IJP) technique, where ink jet printed dot becomes emission region. In the case of multiple integration technology, face-to-face emission panel named "Dual Drive & Emission Panel (DDE)" with stacked two set OLED with common scan line and two set of data lines and combination of emission and photo detection named "Bi-Function Matrix Panel (Bi-Matrix)" with stacked OLED and organic photodiode (OPD) can be realized. These approaches will be expected for novel application.
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Watanabe Soichi, Agata Yuya, Tanaka Daisaku, Kido Junji
2005 年 18 巻 1 号 p.
83-86
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/07/13
ジャーナル
フリー
Organic light-emitting devices (LEDs) were fabricated using wide-energy-gap (over 3.30 eV) materials and fac-tris(2-phenylpyridine) iridium complex (Ir(ppy)
3) as the carrier transporting materials and the emitting material, respectively. The organic layers at the electrode interfaces were chemically doped to reduce operating voltage. The p-type and n-type doped layers have specific resistance of 10
5∼10
6 ω [SW1]·cm. The device exhibited green emission peaking at approximately 510 nm, and the external quantum efficiency of 19.7% (69 cd/A). A high power efficiency of 68 lm/W was observed at 100 cd/m
2 at voltage of 3.22 V.
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Naito I., Mizo T., Kuma K., Sakurabara S., Matsumoto T., Kotani M., Ko ...
2005 年 18 巻 1 号 p.
87-94
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/07/13
ジャーナル
フリー
Ylide formation of a singlet carbene with carbon dioxide (CO
2 was studied using laser flash photolysis (LFP) of (biphenyl-4-yl)chlorodiazirine (BCD) in CO
2 saturated acetonitrile (MeCN) and in CO
2 dissolved in 2,2,4-trimethylpentanone (i-Oc) at high pressure (ca. 2 X 10
6 Pa). (Biphenyl-4-yl)chlorocarbene (BCC), produced by LFP, adducts with an oxygen atom of CO
2 to form a carboxyl ylide (CY, &lamda;
max = ca. 510 nm). The apparent rate constant for the addition of BCC to CO
2 was 5.2 x 10
7 dm
3 mol
-1 s
-1 (by measuring the decay rate of BCC) and 6.2 X 10
7 dm
3 mol
-1 s
-1 (the rate of CY formation) in MeCN. CY decays via unimolecular and bimolecular mechanisms. CY is a 1,3-dipole, so in the presence of dimethyl fumarate, it gives a γ-butyrolactone derivative. On adding the carbene scavenger 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene (TME), the decay rate of BCC and the formation and decay rates of CY increased with TME concentration, indicating that CY was in equilibrium with BCC. The equilibrium constant was estimated roughly to be ca. 2 dm
3mol
-1.
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Yamashita Takashi, Mishiguchi Takuto, Kato Jun, muroya Yusa, Katsumura ...
2005 年 18 巻 1 号 p.
95-102
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/07/13
ジャーナル
フリー
Allenes, one of the compounds with cumulative double bonds, are attracting much interests due to the characteristics of their twisted π-conjugated bonds. Several allenes were synthesized to characterize their electronic features by their ground-state absorption, transient absorption and emission spectra to be found that they increase conjugation length in the excited state due to their conformational change. Photophysical process and active species were determined by laser flash photolysis and electron beam pulse radiolysis to find that intramolecular charge transfer of an allene is induced upon electron beam irradiation.
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Nishiyama Satoko, Tajima Masahiro, Yoshida Yasuhiko
2005 年 18 巻 1 号 p.
109-116
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/07/13
ジャーナル
フリー
We had reported the luminescent and photochemical behaviors of poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VPy) in solid states. As the emission intensities and spectra are varied with the excitation wavelength, the features of its luminescence properties were difficult to show in usual luminescence spectra. In this study, we introduced "the contour map" to the luminescences of P4VPy and other poly(vinylpyridines)(PVPys) to show their complicated features. PVPys which contain the similar structure to P4VPy show similar behaviors to P4VPy but not the same ones as P4VPy, because of their steric hindrances, hydrophilicities, and other differences in the microenvironment of pyridine rings in these polymeric solids. We also examined the changes in emission contour maps for several bulk solids of PVPys with the photo-induced protonation. The change in the contour maps with the quaternization of thin films of PVPys were determined and discussed.
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Enomoto Yuya, Tokita Sumio
2005 年 18 巻 1 号 p.
117-120
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/07/13
ジャーナル
フリー
Novel color formers 2 containing phenazine moiety for γray detection were designed based on the shades of chromophore 1. Color formers 2a-2c were synthesized from aromatic amines 4, 5 and 6 or dye 9·Cl
- or 10·Cl
- as starting materials. Acetonitrile solution of 2a, 2b or 2c was changed into corresponding colored form 1a-1c by γirradiation. Identification of the structures of 1 was carried out with electronic absorption and mass spectrometry. 1a, 1b or 1c showed magenta, red or yellow shade respectively. Substituent R
1-R
4 introduced into 1 affected a remarkable shift of absorption maximum within visible range.
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Tachikawa Tatsuya, Akagi Kunihiko, Tokita Sumio
2005 年 18 巻 1 号 p.
121-124
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/07/13
ジャーナル
フリー
A polymer film containing a leuco-phenoxazine color former, 3,7-bis(N,N-diethyl amino)-10-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl)phenoxazine (1) was fabricated for the detection of γ rays. The colorless film containing 1 tinged with blue by γ irradiation. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, 3) film containing 10 wt% of 1 (thickness: 0.8 mm) gave remarkable color change at a dose of 10 Gy. The absorbance change at 644 nm observed in the PMMA film containing 1 after ? irradiation was 3.7 times larger than that at 658 nm in the polystylene (PS, 4) film. The PMMA film was stable at room temperature in a dark place for at least 30 days. Thus, sensitive, thermal-stable, and easy handling γ ray detection system is realized.
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Sensu Yoshihisa, Sekiguchi Atsushi, Kondo Yoshiyuki, Mori Satoshi, Hon ...
2005 年 18 巻 1 号 p.
125-132
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/07/13
ジャーナル
フリー
XP SU-8 3000 (hereinafter referred to as "SU-8") thick-film resist is a chemically amplified negative resist based on epoxy resin. Here, we report on the profile simulation for this resist. Profile simulation is an important technique for planning experiments. Thus, there have been many reports on simulation techniques. In particular, many studies have been conducted on chemically amplified positive resists, as they are major resist materials used in the IC industry. However, there have been few simulation studies concerning chemically amplified negative resists.
Thus, we conducted studies on the two-stage PEB process for a chemically amplified negative resist and reported the results [1]. In this article, the process is modified from the previous two-stage PEB process to a single-stage PEB process, the effects of the crosslinking reaction are measured, and a simulation technique is studied.
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Aoki Ken'ichi, Arimitsu Koji, Ichimura Kunihiro
2005 年 18 巻 1 号 p.
133-134
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/07/13
ジャーナル
フリー
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Kaji Makoto, Muramatsu Yukiko, Unno Akihiro, Hirai Osamu
2005 年 18 巻 1 号 p.
135-140
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/07/13
ジャーナル
フリー
Terminal group analyses of photochemically initiated polymers were conducted using a matrix-assisted laser desorption / ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) in combination with a preparative SEC, a real time FTIR and a gray scale photospeed method. The analysis enabled the assignment of the terminal groups of resulting oligomers from an acrylate monomer and two-component photoinitiator systems, bisimidazole and hydrogen donor. Hydrogen donor origin species were identified as built-in terminal groups in the oligomers for the two bisimidazole/hydrogen donor systems, 2,2'-bis (o-chlorophenyl)-4,4',5,5'-tetraphenyl- imidazole (o-ClHABI) and 2-mercaptobenzoxazole (MBO), and o-ClHABI and N-phenyl glycine (NPG), the two bisimidazole/hydrogen donor systems. From o-ClHABI/NPG photoinitiator system, two types of built-in terminal groups with and without decarboxylation of NPG system were identified. Only for o-ClHABI/MBO, a double-capped oligomer was identified, while a single-capped oligomer was identified for o-ClHABI/NPG. Terminating paths were also discussed.
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Suyama Kanji, Nakao Satoshi, Shirai Masamitsu
2005 年 18 巻 1 号 p.
141-148
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/07/13
ジャーナル
フリー
Six carbamates were prepared as novel photobase generators (PBGs), and their photo-reactivity and thermal stability were investigated. The introduction of an alkyl substituent into NH moiety in O-carbamoyloximes and/or the use of naphthalimide moieties instead of oxime moieties gave higher temperature of thermal decomposition (Tsub>d). These carbamates were photo-decomposed on irradiation at 254 nm, and the photolysis rates of oxime carbamates were higher than those of naphthalimide carbamates. The generation of amines from naphthalimide carbamates was confirmed by HPLC analysis of irradiated solutions. Although corresponding amines were not detected from oxime carbamates, the formation of 2-acetonaphthone was observed, suggesting the formation of the other type of basic compounds after photolysis. Films of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) containing oxime carbamates or naphthalimide.
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Watanabe Keiji, Igarashi Miwa, Nozaki Kouji, Nagai Masatoshi
2005 年 18 巻 1 号 p.
149-156
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/07/13
ジャーナル
フリー
A novolak resist with naphthoquinone diazide is available to produce a coil insulating layer for a GMR head by heat-curing process. The relationship between the molecular structures of several properties, i.e., internal stress, thermal expansion, and desorption of gases from the insulating layer is studied. The effects of the atmospheres of N
2, O
2, and air on the properties of the insulating film upon heat-curing are also examined. The prepared novolak resist is analyzed the measurements of TGA, DSC, IR, GPC, UV, internal stress, thermal expansion, and Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy (TDS). The mechanism for hardening of the novolak resist is also discussed.
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Watanabe Keiji, Suda Shoichi, Takeda Masayuki, Nagai Masatoshi
2005 年 18 巻 1 号 p.
157-163
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/07/13
ジャーナル
フリー
The behavior of residue formation during the oxygen-reactive ion etching (RIE) in the multi-layer resist process is studied. The mechanism for the formation of residue and the method used to remove residue are studied. The needle-like residue generated during the under-layer etching process is completely removed by covering the electrode target of the RIE apparatus with polyethylene terephthalate or RIE with O
2/CF
4 mixture gas. The mechanism for formation of residua is as follows: silicon containing compounds were deposited on the under-layer by spattering of the upper resist and electrode target with oxygen ion generated in O
2-RIE process.
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Jeong Kyoung-Mo, Koseki Ken'ichi
2005 年 18 巻 1 号 p.
165-170
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2005/07/13
ジャーナル
フリー
Rheological properties of UV flexographic (flexo) inks were investigated. UV flexo suspensions of carbon black in liquid medium having various binding materials such as acylate pre-polymer, di-/multi-functional monomer, and diluents, were used as sample inks. Inks were characterized on a rheometer in terms of steady and dynamic behaviors.
In order to understand and to control the rheological property of UV flexo inks, we must determine the specific rheological properties of chemical and/or physical interactions of their components (pigments, functional monomers, and pre-polymers). In particular, we discuss the influence of multi-functional monomers (TMPTA, PO-TMPTA, and GPTA) and the relationship between the rheological property and transient networks formed by carbon black.
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