This review highlighted the following: (i) pathogenic mechanism of the thermostable direct hemolysin produced by
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, especially on its cardiotoxicity, (ii) heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxins produced by enterotoxigenic
Escherichia coli, especially structure–activity relationship of heat-stable enterotoxin, (iii) RNA
N-glycosidase activity of Vero toxins (VT1 and VT2) produced by enterohemorrhagic
Escherichia coli O157:H7, (iv) discovery of
Vibrio cholerae O139, (v) isolation of new variant of
Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor that carries classical
ctxB, and production of high concentration of cholera toxin by these strains, and (vi) conversion of viable but nonculturable (VBNC)
Vibrio cholerae to culturable state by co-culture with eukaryotic cells.
(Communicated by Kumao TOYOSHIMA, M.J.A.)
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