In anti-pneumococci Type XIV chicken and rabbit sera are demonstrated a precipitin, which reacts with O(H) substance as well as Le^a substance, and an agglutinin, which reacts with human red cells. These antibodies are generally well absorbed by lactose and D-galactose, and in some cases weakly also by N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. When O(H) substance and group O red cells are treated with O(H)-decomposing enzymes from Bac. Fulminans or from Bac. cereus, their cross-reactivities with the antisera mentioned above are enhanced. However, these enzymes, acting on Le^a substance, neither abolish Le^a specificity, nor enhance the cross-reactivity with the anti-pneumococci Type XIV immune serum. On the ground of these immunochemical changes, elicited by the enzymes in blood group substances, a hypothesis is proposed on the biosynthesis of blood group substances.

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1. In anti-gastric cancer polysaccharide rabbit serum was demonstrated a precipitin, which reacted with gastric cancer polysaccharide, enzyme-treated O(H) substance and placental polysaccharide. These polysaccharides were assumed to possess D-glucosamine and/or D-galactosamine as antigenic determinant.
2. Blood group specific activities of gastric cancer polysaccharides were generally decreased. Those which showed low O(H) activity and high Le^a activity, and those with low O(H) and Le^a activities or with low Le^a activity reacted strongly with the anti-gastric cancer polysaccharide rabbit serum.
An antigenicity of the gastric cancer polysaccharide was demonstrated in an enzyme-treated O(H) substance. Assumedly this must have resulted from manifestation of latent antigenicity owing to Table IV. Absorption with sugars of precipitins, obtained by immunizing rabbit with the polysaccharides liberation of other antigenic determinants by the enzyme action. On the other hand, this is considered to indicate that gastric cancer polysaccharide would be found in primitive stage on the process of biosynthesis compared with normal blood group polysaccharide.
3. In anti-placental polysaccharide rabbit serum was recognized the presence of a precipitin, assumedly specific to the placental polysaccharide, besides the one reacting with gastric cancer polysaccharide and enzyme-treated O(H) substance.

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A paper chromatographic method for the separation of N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylmannosamine and N-acetylglucosamine has been described. The method has been found to be a valuable tool for the identification of these N-acetylhexosamines.

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1) Glutamic dehydrogenase acts on α-ket oglutaric acid added from outside of mitochondria but not on it as a member of TCA cycle under the conditions of our experiments. But glutamate was largely formed by glutamic dehydrogenase through TCA cycle when much amount of succinate or fumarate was added to the mitochondrial systems.
2) Stoichiometric interconversion of glutamate into aspartate and of aspartate plus acetate into glutamate by the coupling reactions between GOT_M and a half of TCA cycle.
3) Glutamate is synthesized from α-ketoglutaric acid and also oxalacetate formed in TCA cycle by ornithine δ-transaminase localized in mitochondria.

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