Juntendo Medical Journal
Online ISSN : 2188-2134
Print ISSN : 0022-6769
ISSN-L : 0022-6769
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Volume 37, Issue 1
Displaying 1-19 of 19 articles from this issue
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Contents
  • Histochemical study of fetal cholinergic neurons transplanted into the brain of adult rats-an experimental approach to investigate the effects of neuroactive substances-
    KOU ETO, MASAKO NISHIZUKA, REIJI IIZUKA, YASUMASA ARAI
    1991 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 46-54
    Published: April 20, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.37.46
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Degeneration of the cholinergic neurons of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) are involved in senile dementia of Alzheimer type. In the present study, tissue of the ventral globus pallidus (VP) which corresponds to the NBM in the human brain was taken from the fetal rat brain and transplanted into the lateral or the third ventricle of adult rats. Two or three weeks after the transplantaion, the brains of the recipient were fixed and processed for histochemistry of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), immunocytochemistry of cholineacetyltransferase (ChAT), or Nissl staining to observe the development of cholinergic neurons in the transplants. Some neuronal cell bodies and the dendrites in the transplants were ChAT-immunoreactive. However, ChAT-immunopositive fibers were few in the transplants. Similarly, a number of neuronal cell bodies and dendrites in the transplants were AChE-positive. However, it seemed to be difficult to examine simultaneously AChE-positive cell bodies and fibers in the transplants because of the strong non-specific reaction. It was also difficult to observe simultaneously AChE-positive structures in the transplants and the brains of the recipient. Therefore, we modified the AChE histochemical procedures reported by Karnovsky and Root (1964). The AChE-positive cell bodies and fibers were observed in both the transplants and the VP of the recipient in the modified preparation. As one step to elucidate the effects of neuroactive substances on the transplants, some recipients were intraperitoneally injected with a psychotropic drug, Bifemerane hydrochloride, for 3 weeks after the transplantation. Distribution of the AChE-positive fibers in the transplants of Bifemerane-treated rats seemd more intense as compared to those in the control grafts. The present experimental model may be useful for understanding the actions of neuroactive substances on the brain.
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  • The effect of taurine on growth and fatty liver of monosodium glutamate-induced obese rat
    AKIRA MORISHIMA, MOTOHIKO HAYASHI
    1991 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 55-62
    Published: April 20, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.37.55
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The prophylactic effect of taurine on the fatty liver associated with obesity was examined. To produce the fatty liver associated with obesity, 16 male, mother-reared, Wister rats were subcutaneously injected 4 mg/g body weight of monosodium glutamate daily for 5 days from the first day of life. Weaning was started from the 21st day of life with ordinary rat food. Eight of these rats (group C) were given a supplement of taurine (0.5mg/g body weight) daily, but the remaining 8 rats (group B) were not. Five male Wister rats not given any treatments or supplements were served as the control (group A). After they were killed at 21 weeks of age, blood samples were obtained by abdominal aortic puncture for biochemical analysis, and the liver was examined histologically. Serum levels of GOT, total cholesterol, cholesterol ester, HDL-cholesterol and free fatty acids in group C were significangly lower than those in group B. The light microscopic histological study and quantitative analysis by image analyzer Lurex III revealed less fatty change in the liver tissue and a marked decrease of adipose drops in the liver, respectively. The control rats (group A) developed neither obesity nor fatty liver in contrast to groups B and C. These results suggest that taurine supplementation is an effective prophylactic treatment for the fatty liver associated with obesity.
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  • Ursodeoxycholic acid tolerance in jaundiced dogs after release of biliary obstruction
    SHIGERU KOBAYASHI
    1991 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 63-75
    Published: April 20, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.37.63
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Whether the prognosis of patients with obstructive jaundice after biliary drainage can be diagnosed from routine liver functional tests was examined. Serum and biliary bile acids levels were determined in 40 dogs with obstructive jaundice produced by ligation of their common bile duct. Ten dogs were assigned to one of three groups of obstructive jaundice with different durations. Five other dogs on which the same biliary drainage procedure was performed but without producing jaundice served as the controls. The remaining five dogs that had biliary obstruction served as the controls without ursodeoxycholic acid tolerant test. Liver damage caused by biliary obstruction was investigated by determining the metabolism of bile acids through the ursodeoxycholic acid tolerance test. Bile acid concentration and bilirubin levels in serum were gradually increased with the increase in the duration of biliary obstruction, but no statistically significant difference was demonstrated among the three groups of jaundice. After releasing biliary obstruction, an oral tolerance test using 10mg/kg ursodeoxycholic acid was carried out on every dog with various durations of biliary obstruction. The concentration of serum ursodeoxycholic acid, which was demonstrated as the conjugated type, was having higher and cleared from the blood later in all 30 dogs than in the 5 control dogs. The ursodeoxycholic acid in the bile demonstrated the reduction of bile acid excretion. These findings indicate that the liver dysfunction due to obstructive jaundice was mainly caused by disorder of bile acid excretion into the biliary tract. The restoration of liver function in the ten dogs with three weeks of biliary obstruction was slower than that in the other two groups with two weeks of biliary obstruction. The concentration of bilirubin excretion after release of biliary obstruction was enhanced by the stimulation of ursodeoxycholic acid administration. Administration of ursodeoxycholic acid may be useful for the patient with obstructive jaundice.
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  • The predictablility of liver metastasis in colorectal cancer cases by mesenteric angiography
    TAKASHI MORIYA
    1991 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 76-85
    Published: April 20, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.37.76
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    To determine the value of angiography in predicting liver metastasis of colorectal cancers, 128 colorectal cancers (71 colon cancer cases, 57 rectal cancer caces) were examined preoperatively using angiography focused on the mesenteric vessels around the primary lesion. The findings obtained by angiography were compared with occurrence of liver metastasis and the histopathological findings. Synchronic liver metastasis was present in 17 cases, and heterochronic metastasis in 16 cases. Liver metastasis was detected in 62.5 % of the cases with invasion of the truncal artery, 37.0 % of the cases with invasion of the marginal veins and 57.7% of cases with invasion of the truncal vein. The cases were classified according to the morphological type of the terminal of vasa recta into 5 groups ; unchanged, dendroid, frizzled, feathery, and tufted. Liver metastasis was present in 63.3 % of the tufted group. Liver metastasis was more frequent in the cases in which both arterial and venous phase angiograms showed dilatation of the vessels within the lesion than in those without dilatation. It was present in 55.5 % of the cases in which angiograms showed pooling of veins within the lesion. Histologically, liver metastasis was present in only 1.6 % of the cases without venous invasion, while it was present in 35.3 % of those with venous invasion. Tufted type of vessels and liver metastasis were frequently observed, in moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. In the present study, no particular findings distinguishing synchronic liver metastasis from heterochronic metastasis were obtained except for histological venous invasion. This suggests that heterochronic metastasis was present, even though it could not be detected at the time of operation.
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  • Altered humoral immune reactivity in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis
    YOSHIMI UMEZAWA, HIROMITSU NAKAUCHI, TOSHIKAZU SHIRAI
    1991 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 86-94
    Published: April 20, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.37.86
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    We studied natural antibody titers against 22 different viruses and mycoplasma in 260 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis who were undergoing hemodialysis. Among the 23 antibody titers, 12 were significantly lower, 3 were higher, 8 were the same as those obtained in 43 normal subjects. Each subject was plotted in 23-dimensional space according to their standardized antibody titers. Multivariate cluster analysis by the Ward's method revealed 3 large clusters differing in responsiveness to those viruses, and in one of the culsters, 74 % of the normal control were included. However, this particular group also included 14 % of the patients and their levels of BUN and creatinine and duration of hemodialysis treatment did not differ significantly from those of patients in the other two clusters. We assume that these differences in immune responsiveness are due to genetic factors. Altered immune responsivenss in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis treated with hemodialysis is not just a reflection of the uremic state or hemodialysis but most likely is a result of immunogenetic regulation.
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