Recently, with complication of traffic accident, the narrow housing situation and living environment, the number of the infantile patients of a trauma shows a tendency to rise from year to year. This time, we have made clinical and statistical observations on the infantile patients, who had a trauma in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery and came to our department to recieve clinical examination, in the last 5 years and 5 months.
We made a survey on 351 infantile patients whose age were less than 12 years old and who came to our department during from January 1987 to May 1992. Out of 351 patients, 191 were boys, while 160 were girls, and upon seeing frequency by age group, it was found out that were most heavy in their ones 1, and the lower group, less than 6, took up the percentage of approximately 65%.
As regards the time, many cases occured in May and July, in contract fewest cases occured in January. The time zone concentrated from 13 to 16 o'clock. As the cause of trauma, a hard blow against a wall or floor by a fall or spill often attacked the patient, in fact, it had more than half the number of all cases.
For the details of the trauma, the cases of a soft tissue trauma were heavier than those of a hard tissue trauma, and the percentage of a tooth trauma and laceration in an upper lip to be overwhelmingly high. Because almost all the cases which caused in a hard tissue had a trauma in a soft tissue, it was essential to treat it with a suture.
Although Machida City is transfiguring to a growing housing area with many public housing compounds, there has been and is none of univerrity hospitals or general hospitals in and around City, which has the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, therefore, it was expected that the number of a infantile patients of trauma who will come to our department should increase more and more in future.

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We made clinico-statistical observation on the pediatric patients under 13 years of age under general anesthesia for oral surgery in Okayama University Dental Hospital during the last 10 years (April 1982-March 1992).
1. The number of cases under 13 years of age was 105, and there were about eight per cent of all operations under general anesthesia during the this period.
2. The cases of the operation for malformation were the most common and amounted to 33.3% of all.
3. The preoperative complications were respiratory problems, central nervous dysfunction, and the abnormality of ECG etc..
4. Induction of anesthesia was performed with slow induction in 97 cases (92.3%), and GOF was mainly used.
For maintenance of anesthesia, GOE was mainly used.
5. The intraoperative complications were arrhythmia, respiratory complication, and difficulty of intubation. etc..
6. The postoperative complications were fever, respiratory complication, vomiting, and sore throat etc..

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A survey of oral tumors in the children has made at the Dept. of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, during 17 years from 1975 to 1992. Forty-four benign tumors were composed of 16 odontogenics and 28 non-odontogenics. Ameloblastomas and odontomas were the most common among the odontogenics. Angiomas were the most common among the non-odontogenic tumors.

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A clinico-statistical observation was performed on the child patients at the Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus Hospital for the past 3 years (Jan. 1987-Dec. 1989).
The results are as follows;
1) The total number of child patients, 15-year-old or under, visited the oral surgery clinic was 995 (boy: 554, girl: 441) during the 3 years period. Those patients correspond to 22.0% of the total new patients (4, 530 patients).
2) The numbers of age distribution of developmental stage were 226 of infancy, 336 of early chilhood, 278 of school age and 155 of adolescence.
3) The ratio of dental disease (68 cases) and oral surgical disease (927 cases) was 1.0: 13.6. Oral surgical diseases classified by clinical diagnosis were as follows;
malformations and transformations (224 cases), speech disorder with mental retardation and/or underdevelopment of speech (196 cases) and traume (123 cases) etc..
4) 49.7% (495 of 995) of the patients were referred to us from other dental (194 cases: 19.5%) and medical (301 cases: 30.3%) institutions.

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We described a unique case of a 10-year-old boy who was reffered to our clinic because of hypesthesia of the lower lip, gingival swelling and loosened teeth.
Dental radiographs of the patient revealed a number of abnormal features including cancerous bone destruction with diffuse cloudiness in the right premolar and molar regions.
Although anti-leukemic chemotherapy was undertaken at the Pediatrics Department of Kyushu University Hospital, he died after discharge.
Careful analysis of the radiographs of the mandible appears to be valuable for detection of the disease even in the earliest infiltration stage.

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Tuberculosis in the oral cavity is generally disseminated directly via the sputum from a lesion in the lung or via the blood or secondary lymphatic infection.
We reported a case of tuberculous submandibular lymphadenitis which originated from the submandibular region which we encountered in an 8-year-old girl. The patient complained of swelling and oppressive pain of the left submandibular region. The lesion was clinically diagnosed as submandibular lymphadenitis was made.
Although she was given antibiotic medications, the local findings remained unchanged. Under general anesthesia, the submandibular lymph nodes were surgically removed. As pathological examination of the resected nodes revealed tuberculous submandibular lymphadenitis, she has remained in follow up treatment after discharge.

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This report dealt with 12-year-9-month old monozygotic twin brothers who had follicular cysts symmetrically in both canine regions of upper jaw. The following results were obtained.
1) The roentgenographs and the histological findings of all cyst walls exhibited typical characteristics of follicular cyst.
2) The size and shape of four cysts resemble each other.
3) Since all four cysts occurred on upper permanent canines which had been reported to be the teeth most frequently involved in follicular cysts, these cysts were thought to develop because of the pressure exerted by the tissue around the canines. However, follicular cysts occurred bilaterally and symmetrically in the monozygotic twin, which suggested twin brothers had some genetic factor that influenced these occurrences.

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Injuries of oral soft tissues often occur in children, who tend to hold pointed objects in their mouth. In most cases, the injuries are superficial and heal uneventfully. And serious cases are rare.
We recently experienced a case of abscess in temporal fossa caused by piercing of a toothbrush into the submucosal tissue of the cheek. An 8 year-old girl was attacked by her younger brother while brushing her teeth by her mother and a toothbrush injured her left cheek. And inflammation of cheek extended to abscess in temporal fossa. However, under treatment included the incision and administration of antibiotics, the wound healed without serious complication and she recovered completely.

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The sialolith occurres most commonly in ages from twenty to fifty years old, and rare in children. We have recently encountered a case of sialolith in children.
The patient, an 8-year-old boy, was referred to our department, with chief complaint of the swelling in right oral floor. In radiographic examination, a sialolith measuring about 4mm in diameter was noticed at the duct of right submandibular gland.
The stone was removed by intraoral approach and examined by Computer Aided Microanalyzer (CMA) and x-ray diffraction analyzer. In the specimen, components of Ca, P, S, Mg, Na and Cl were disclosed. The stone contained a large amount of Ca and P consisting of hydroxyapatite. Many reports showed that the salivary stone in submandibular gland was composed of hydroxyapatite.

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We experienced a case of fused teeth of the left lower lateral incisor and the canine found for difficulty of orthodontic treatment.
In spite of 4 years' treatment with usual orthodontic force, the teeth could not be aligned. Then, the patient was referred to our hospital to examine the etiology. Roentgenograms showed the separated roots which were not paralleled. A portion with slight radioopacity was found at the cervical part between the left lower lateral incisor and the canine. Then an union of the teeth was suspected. In the operation, it was confirmed that the teeth were united with hard tissue at the cervical part under the gingiva. The united part of the teeth histologically confirmed to be the dentin with a layer of cementum was removed, and then teeth were separated. Three months after the operation, the teeth were successfully alined by orthodontic treatment without any complications.
Thus, the present case showed a rare type of fused teeth which was hard to be found clinically.

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Two cases of abnormal root resorption in permanent teeth caused by an ectopic eruption of the canines are presented. In case 1, the patient was an 11-year-old female. Three quarters of the root of the upper central incisors were resorpted due to an abnormal location of the bilateral maxillary canines. In case 2, the patient was a 12-year-old female. One half of the root of the upper central and lateral incisors were resorpted due to an ectopic eruption of the left canine.
The findings and treatment procedures were as follows:
1. In case 1, after the bilateral central incisors were extracted, the canine was carefully guided into the position of the central incisor.
2. In case 2, considering oral esthetics, the canine was guided into its normal position. In the middle of treatment, the lateral incisor was extracted because of interference in guiding the canine.
3. The main reason of the ectopic eruption of the maxillary canine was probably not a discrepancy between the tooth material and the basal arch length but the improper position of the tooth germ or the abnormal eruption process of the canine.
4. Root resorption of the incisor caused by ectopic eruption of the canine in the jaw causes severe problems. If such a case is found in an early stage, it is important to consider the direction of eruption and stage of development of the canine and to guide the canine into its normal position.

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