The relationship between the velopharyngeal conditions and postoperative velopharyngeal functions at the age of 5 to 6 years was investigated in 89 patients with cleft palate by using Hayashi's quantification type 2.
Palatoplasty was performed at the average age of 1 year and 11 months by push back method. Seven items and 3 items were measured just before and after the operation under the general anesthesia, respectively as velopharyngeal conditions.
Seventy seven out of 89 patients (86.5%) had competent velopharyngeal function and 12 patients showed incompetence. By Hayashi's quantification type 2, both preoperative and postoperative velopharyngeal conditions including the type of the cleft did not show a good correlationship with the velopharyngeal function. However, the preoperative width of the cleft, the postoperative pharyngeal depth, the length of the soft palate and the width of the palatopharyngeal arch affected on the velopharyngeal function more strongly than other items.
A discriminant function for differentiating the competence and incompetence group was derived by using the theory of Hayashi's quantification. The correct differentiation was 93.2% when the preoperative data of velopharyngeal conditions including the type of the cleft were reffered. On the other hand, 70.9% were corrected when the postoperative data were referred. These results suggest that the velopharyngeal function could be speculated by the preoperative velopharyngeal conditions.

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Twenty cases of ameloblastoma of the children were analyzed clinicopathologically for the 25 years from 1970 to 1994 in our clinic. Results
1. The incidence of the children cases to all the cases was 13.9%.
2. The ratio of the maxilla to the mandible was 1: 19.
3. Age of the patients was mostly from 10 to 15 years except one patient of 4 years old.
4. Chief complaint of most patients was swelling.
5. Duration of the onset to the visit was less than 1 year in 15 cases.
6. In the mandibular cases, 16 tumors existed in the molar region or molar to the ascending ramus. In the majority of cases, the tumor extended to the inferior border of the mandible.
7. Radiogram showed unilocular radiolucency in 16 cases and multilocular in 4 cases.
8. All mandibular cases were associated with impacted teeth.
9. Type A showing porminent root resorption occupied 66.7% in all the types of root resorption.
10. Histologically, 15 cases were plexiform type and 5 cases follicular type. Incidentally, 6 cases out of 15 showing plexiform type were unicystic ameloblastoma.
11. Enucleation followed by curettage was performed in 9 cases, cryosurgery in 3 cases, segmental resection in 1 case and marsupialization in 7 cases as initial treatment. After marsupialization, marked tumor regression was seen in 5 cases. As second treatment after marsupialization, enucleation followed by curettage was performed in 5 cases and cryosurgery in 2 cases. Recurrence was recognized in only 1 case treated by enucleation followed by curettage after marsupialization.
12. Conservative treament of the mandible for ameloblastoma in our department is very effective in the children cases, as there is little recurrence and disturbance of the development of the mandible.

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Dentigerous cysts are commonly associated with impacted mandibular premolars in children. A rare case of a dentigerous cyst was reported, in which the cyst was located in the mendibular incisors region.
The patient a 5-year-old girl was brought to a dentist because of irregular mandibular anterior teeth. Upon the x-ray examination, a cyst was discovered.
There was no history of trauma or chronic periapical inflamation of the primary predecessor.
With the patient under general anesthesia, the cyst was enucleated and the mandibular permanent left central incisor was removed.
Histopathological examination of the cyst walls revealed a non-keratinized layer of squamous epithelium, and was diagnosed as a dentigerous cyst.

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Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common tumor in major and minor salivary glands. It usually affects to the parotid gland but relatively rare in the cheek glands. We experienced a case of pleomorphic adenoma of the cheekglands in a 7-year-old girl. Under general anesthesia, the tumor was resected, with the clinical diagnosis of minor gland tumor.
The histopathological examination revealed typical pleomorphic adenoma features.
There was no evidence of recurrence 7 months after the operation.

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Ameloblastoma is one of the most common odontogenic tumors in the oral region. Ameloblastoma frequently appears after puberty and is relatively rare in childhood.
We report the summary of a case of we experienced ameloblastoma that appeared in the mandible of a child. The patient was an 8-year-old girl and the region of C_??_E was involved in the tumor. She underwent an extirpation and fenestration for the tumor under general anesthesia. She has been carefully followed up with no evidence of recurrence.

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A case of subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis of submandibular lymph nodes in a 15-year-old girl is reported.
The patient recognized nodular lesion in the left submandibular lymph nodes, and was referred to our department. Together with computed tomographic and ultrasonic scan findings, we made a clinical diagnosis of benign tumor of submandibular gland. Enucleation of the submandibular gland and the attached four lymph nodes was performed. Two lymph nodes were enlarged with caseous necrosis of the parenchyma.
Histopathologically, the enlarged lymph nodes showed focal caseous necrosis in the cortical and paracortical area with infiltration of histiocytic cells and immature lymphocytes. Immunohistochemically histiocytic cells were reacted against lysozyme and HAM56. Inmature lymphocytes revealed positive findings for CD4 and CD8, negative for MX PanB, MB-1, UCHL-1 and MT-1. Scattered infiltration of small lymphocytes which were reacted against UCHL-1 and MT-1 were associated. From these findings, we made a histopathological diagnosis of subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis. Enucleated submandibular gland showed focal infiltration of chronic inflammatory cell infiltration and mild fibrosis in the periductal region. Non-enlarged lymph nodes showed sinus histiocytosis.

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Congenital maxillofacial defects are reconstructed or repaired with various skin flaps, the autologous bone or artificial biomaterials. However, in a patient who cannot undergo surgery at certain periods because of the difficulty of the procedures, bad timing or age, prosthesis may be selected. It is performed on a temporary basis, until a secondary operation can be performed, either prosthesis alone or together with reconstructive surgery can be permanently applied. In this study we report the usefulness of ear prosthesis fixed on titanium dental implant in a 5-year-old female with microtia associated with first and second branchial arch syndrome.
A temporary procedure was performed because of her age. Eav prosthesis was made twice in the following four years and four months until otoplasty, to relieve her mental pain and give her normal features.

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A case of ossifying fibroma appearing in the mandible of a 13-year-old boy was reported.
The patient was referred to our clinic with a complaint of swelling in the right angle of the mandible. X-ray examination showed a well circumscribed radiolucent lesion with radiopaque foci from the right body of the mandible to the ramus.
By biopsy, the lesion was diagnosed as ossifying fibroma. We performed resection of the mandible and immediate reconstruction by autogenious iliac bone graft. No evidence of recurrence was observed to date.
Histological examination showed that the tumor consisted of fibrous tissue, and contained woven and lamellar bone. Giant cells and osteoclasts were present in some parts. Histological and clinical findings suggested that this tumor is the juvenile (aggressive) ossifying fibroma.

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We experienced a case of multiple jaw cysts in a girl child. She was 7 years old, when she visited our hospital for the first time. A cyst was found in _??_7 region, and it was removed. After 6 years, multiple jaw cysts were found in 87_??_, _??_8, and 6-3_??_, regions.
Marsupialization was performed in every region and we have followed up the case . Throughout a 5 years follow up, there was no recurrence in 87_??_ and _??_8 regions. But in 6-3_??_ region, the healing process was very slow and a cyst was removed 4 years after the marsupialization. Basal cell nevus syndrome was suspected, but no clinical feature other than multiple cysts, which was necessary to define the diagnosis completely, was detected.

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Oral papilloma is a common disease in adults, but it is rare in children under ten years of age. We reported three cases of oral papilloma in children: the first case is a 6-year-old female complaining of a tumor in her hard palate; the second case is a 6-year-old female consulting us with a complaint of swelling in her right upper lip; the last case is a 5-year-old female with a complaint of tumor in the right gum of the maxilla. All the patients underwent excision of tumor and were diagnosed as papilloma by histopathological examination. The prognosis is good and no recurrence has been observed in all cases.

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Eosinophilic granuloma (EG) is a benign disorder which occurs commonly in children and young adults. We reported a case of solitary eosinophilic granuloma of the mandible. A 2-year-old boy complained of swelling at the right submandibular region. Computed tomograms (CT) showed a large osteolytic defect in the right mandible. The histopathological diagnosis of the biopsy specimen was eosinophilic granuloma. Curettage of the lesion was performed, preserving the tooth germ of the right first molar. A mass was found surrounding the germ. The electron micrograph revealed the existence of Langerhans' granules in histiocytes. Complete bone regeneration and no pathological changes of the germ were recognized radiographically 3 months after surgery.
Various treatments including surgery, low-dose irradiation and chemotherapy or their combination have been adopted for EG. We generally consider observation of the lesion as the initial treatment, because EG tends to heal spontaneously. However, we think there are indications for surgery in cases where there is a risk of pathological fracture and extensive invasion to the soft tissue.

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It is rare that the epulis occures in pediatrics patients. And there are few osteoplastic epulis.
We will report an osteoplastic epulis in a boy who was 11years and 9 months.
On August 31, 1987, the patient was referred to our hospital. He had a radiopaque lesion which was 2.0×2.0×1.0cm, located at the roots of the upper left first and second premolars.
Commonly, treatment of the osteoplastic epulis is surgical removal of the lesion and its base. But in children, if possible, teeth are not extracted and a careful follow up is necessary.

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Lymphangiomas are comparatively rare diseases and most of them are detected from birth to infancy.
This report presents a case of congenital lymphangioma in the floor of the mouth.
The patient, a six-month-old girl, visited our hospital with a chief complaint of swelling in the floor of the mouth. Intraoral examination showed a swelling. 15×30mm in size and elastic soft in consistency, at the anterior region in the floor of the mouth. The swelling covered by normal mucosa and elevated the tongue. Extraoral examination revealed no particular findings. A tentative diagnosis was tumor due to no fluid in the swelling by puncture before the operation. The tumor was excised under general anesthesia. She has been followed for 3 years with no evidence of recurrence. Microscopic examination showed multiple small and large spaces lined by a single layer of endothelial cells in connective tissue stroma. Pathlogical diagnosis was cavernous lymphangioma.

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