The Elizabethan age had a great conflict between medieval thoughts and modern ones. Medieval pictures of universe, states and creatures became incredulous, while modern pictures of them became influential. Shakespeare describes the uneasiness brought about by this conflict, especially in his romantic comedies. This is true, in particular, of Twelfth Night. This paper tries first to make it clear how this uneasiness is dramatized in this play, with a special reference to the disguise-plot. Twelfth Night also dramatizes human development to `androgyny', which coincides with Jung's theory on `individuation', and mental instability which we must meet at the crucial pase of `adolescence' and through which we must pass. Both Orsino and Olivia achieve the process of `individuation' through a medium of `Viola = Cesario'. Viola herself does this by her disguise, too. Some characters in this play show the fixation on `homosexuality' and `heterosexuality' and a technique of self-defence, `splitting', which are said to occur throughout life but crystallize around the third year and in adolescence. This paper also tries to investigate the process of `individuation'delineated in Twelfth Night and 'homosexuality' and 'heterosexuality' and 'splitting' by which some characters in the play are gripped, in the light of Freud, Jung, Melanie Klein, Erik H. Erikson and Peter Blos.

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In this two-part paper I draw attention to the striking similarities between the classical detective story, represented by Poe and Doyle, and Freud's early writings, in terms of both analytical methodolgy and narrative form. In the introductory section these two aspects are traced respectively from what Carlo Ginzburg terms the `conjectural' method of knowledge and from the Gothic Romance. In the following sections, both aspects (and the relations between them) are analysed in general terms as well as in a specific narrative in the case of Poe, Doyle, and Freud. The aims of this exercise are two: firstly, to encourage renewed attention to a literary form usually considered `trivial' in most academic contexts; and, secondly, to demonstrate that both the classical detective story and Freud's writings are important in the beginnings of the subversion of the assumptions of Classical Realist narrative, through their provocation of the recognition of the'symbolic necessity' The first part contains the introduction and the discussion of Poe, and the second part the discussions of Doyle and Freud.

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In the present paper on "The Christening" an outline of man's quest for rebirth and his father figure with its parallels like Jung's quest for individuation, Campbell's adventures of the hero, and Frye's romance journey is traced as an attempt at a deepened understanding of D. H. Lawrencg's view of the unconscious, "the well-head, the formation of real motivity. "The unconscious, " the tremendous unknown forces of life" is represented in Lawrence, however, in the father figure, which is predominant in this story of rebirth and bastardy. In Lawrence's fictional treatment of a real life incidentbirth of a bastard child some remarkable Lawrentian thematic features emerges, the paper points out, as follows: (1) a jeer at a conventional morality(2) caricature of a clergyman figure in a Christian setting (3) a clear perception of family lifethe willful collier and his self-willed children(4) an irony with the tyrannical old collier whose overpowering will has crippled three of his children. Lawrence's idea of 'blood intimacy with' the unknown forces of life stands out in strong relief in the old collier's prayer offered at the baptismal scene, the culmination of the story. In this paper a study on "The Christening" proceeds along the following sections: (1). D. H. Lawrence and depth psychology (2) Birth of a bastard child (3) Structuring of the story (4) The human figures in the story (5) The baptismal scene (6) The theme in the story (7) The viewpoint of the author In the secularized, ironical description of "The Christening", the author of the story is revealed indeed as a passionately religious man, ' the paper concludes.

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