チンパンジーにおける視聴覚間のインターモーダルな認知を,視聴覚見本合わせ課題(AVMTS)をもちいて実験的に検討した。聴覚見本刺激の提示に続いて2つの視覚選択刺激(写真)がモニター上に提示され,被験体は,聴覚刺激に対応する視覚刺激を選択するよう訓練された。この課題を獲得したチンパンジー1頭に「チンパンジーの声・顔」および「トリの声・姿」という新奇な刺激を提示し般化を検討したところ,「チンパンジー」の刺激では般化が見られたが「トリ」の刺激では般化が見られなかった。チンパンジーの同種認知が視聴覚間で統合的に行われていることが示唆され,また被験体はAVMTSの獲得過程で視聴覚刺激間の対応を個別学習しただけでなく,視聴覚モダリティー間の一般的な対応を弁別に反映させていることが示された。

抄録全体を表示

Inverstigation of Wild Japanese Macaque group behavior in Kamikochi, Japan Alps. This confirmes that Traveling distance per day was clear seasonal change. The resultis that there is a peak Travering distnce per day between August to October, Spring follow this, and the minimum lies between january and February. The correlution was observed between Traveling distnce per day and Homerange size. and Japanese Macaque group travering was checked by intermittent snowfall in daytime. The strongest relation was observed in snowy season between daytime an avarage temprature and traveling distance.

抄録全体を表示

One goal of environmental enrichment in zoo is to make the behavioral repertoires and the activity budgets of captive animals as close to those of wild animals as possible. This study first described the behavioral patterns of 5 chimpanzees reared at the Maruyama Zoo, Sapporo, Japan. The observation was taken place in 1996 using focal animal sampling method. This result elucidated that zoo chimpanzees exhibited extremely different behavioral patterns compared with wild counterparts. Especially the duration of feeding behavior was much less. Therefore, this study further attempted to increase the duration of feeding by the control of the frequency of feeding provision during a day. This experiment showed that, even though total volume of food was equal, multi-frequency feeding is more effective for the prolongation of feeding time than single operation.

抄録全体を表示

Determination of peripheral lymphocyte subset levels becomes important method for analyzing immune function in nonhuman primates. However, It has been well-known that the separation of peripheral lymphocytes by density gradient centrifuge is relatively difficult in nonhuman primates, because the gravity of red blood cells (RBC) varies among individuals. The purpose of this paper is to compare the major lymphocyte subset levels, the recovery rate of lymphocyte and the contamination of RBC in lymphocyte fraction among four different methods of lymphocyte separation, Method-1: conventional density gradient centrifuge using Ficoll, Method-2: density gradient centrifuge after sedimentation of RBC using 5% dextran, Method-3: whole blood method A; hemolysis before staining lymphocyte, and Method-4: whole blood method B; hemolysis after staining lymphocytes. The lymphocyte recovery rate as well as RBC contamination were also compared between two different hemolysis methods, 1) hemolysis with distilled water and 2) hemolysis with NH₄Cl solution. The results obtained are as follows.
I. There was no difference in lymphocyte subset levels between Method-1 and Method-3, indicating that loss of specific lymphocyte subset(s) did not occur during density gradient centrifuge in method-1. The density gradient centrifugal method using Ficoll (d=1.077) was able to seem to adapt for rhesus monkeys.
II. CD16-positive lymphocytes could not be detected by method-4. It might be necessary to wash cells to remove IgG in sample before staining with anti-CD16, Leu-11a monoclonal antibody in the case of applying Method-4 to analyzing CD16-positive NK cells.
III. Method-2 was effective to remove RBC from lymphocyte fraction, but the lymphocyte recovery rate was significantly lower as compared to Method-1.
VI. The lymphocyte recovery rate was significantly higher when contaminated RBC were removed by NH₄Cl solution as compared when RBC were removed by distilled water.

抄録全体を表示