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Volume 14 (1972)
- Issue 4 Pages 153-
- Issue 3 Pages 101-
- Issue 2 Pages 47-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 14, Issue 4
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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SHOJI KAKIGI, MASAAKI MIYAZAKI, TOSHIAKI MORI, ICHIRO IWAUCHI1972 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 153-157
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of stimulus size, rotation, and shape upon the averaged evoked response were investigated in Experiment 1 and 2. The evoked response (P1-N1; P2-N2; N2-P3) increased as a function of stimulus size in both experiments, while no effect of rotation was found. The later evoked response components (P2-N2; N2-P3) to the large square and to the triangle were different in Experiment 2. The effect of visual angle upon the evoked response was investigated in Experiment 3. The later evoked response components decreased as a function of visual angle. In consideration of the results of Experiment 2 and 3 the possibility that the difference of the evoked response between the large square and triangle was due to the difference in visual angle was suggested.View full abstractDownload PDF (378K) -
III. CAN THE FEAR-REDUCTION THEORY EXPLAIN FIXATION OF AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR?HIROSHI IMADA, KUNIO NIIHAMA1972 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 158-167
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo experiments using rats as Ss were conducted in order to test the adequacy of the fear-reduction hypothesis in accounting for the behavior fixation observed in an avoidance conditioning situation. In Experiment I guiding Ss equally often in three different directions was not effective in making their avoidance behavior variable and in changing their direction of response: They fixated in their preferred direction. In Experiment II giving exceptionally large amount of training on the nonpreferred response was effective in changing their direction of response from the preferred to the nonpreferred direction. It was concluded that fear-reduction hypothesis alone could not explain the fixation phenomenon observed in an avoidance situation.View full abstractDownload PDF (907K) -
STOCHASTIC MODEL AND COMPUTER SIMULATION ITAROW INDOW, SAYOKO SUZUKI1972 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 168-175
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA total of 455 cases, 5 tasks by 91 subjects, of the simplest form of concept identification with stimuli, each consisting of 5 letters, were stratified into 8 groups according to strategies used by the subjects. Two representative strategies were identified through verbal reports of the subjects and also differences in performance: whole-letter strategy to pursue all of an appropriate set of letters simultaneously and one-letter strategy to test one letter at a time and without replacement. Both strategies were simulated by a computer. All the results, the whole cases, 8 separate groups, computer simulations, were also fitted by the original form of Bower-Trabasso stochastic model (1964). Two main findings were as follows: there are substantial individual differences in regard to strategy and the stochastic model gives apparent good fits to each of the heterogeneous set of data which were generated through qualitatively different strategies, provided the value of a parameter, the probability of hitting the correct hypothesis, is appropriately defined.View full abstractDownload PDF (606K) -
SUKEYORI SHIBA1972 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 176-180
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn oblique method of factor rotation which simulates the graphical procedure of rotation is proposed. This is essentially the application of the orthogonal geomax method (the geometric vector method) to the oblique model. An algorithm to implement the single-plane, iterative rotation is derived and its feasibility is demonstrated using Thurstone's Box Problem and the Twenty-Four Psychological Tests Problem.View full abstractDownload PDF (306K) -
SHIRO IKEGAMI1972 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 181-189
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe three experiments were undertaken in a factorial design, with ECS-induced effects (retrograde vs. proactive) and with avoidance tasks (active vs. passive). In Exp. I, the proactive effect of ECS 1 hr before (23 hr after) the trials had as much disruptive effect on active avoidance response (AAR) as the retrograde effect of ECS 20-80 sec after the trials, but in the relearning, the 23 hr group acquired AAR faster than the 20-80 sec groups. In Exp. II, ECS had little effect upon AAR when given 15-30 min before the trials, but at 2 hr it had disruptive effect and its effect disappeared in 8 hr. In Exp. III, a single ECS 20 sec after the training or 15-30 min before the test produced retention deficits on passive avoidance response (PAR). These results are discussed with regard to the ECS-induced effects on consolidation and retrieval involved in memory processes.View full abstractDownload PDF (674K) -
HARUO YANAI1972 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 190-203
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study aims to find out the essential factors representing the aptitude for the various courses of the university by three kinds of test batteries consisting of psychological tests and the like.
By applying multiple discriminant analysis, the following four discriminant factors are extracted from each test battery. They are named as;(1) natural science vs. humanities, (2) architecture vs. chemistry and medicine, (3) practical business vs. research business, (4) social welfare vs. egocentrism. And finally validity of each test battery is evaluated by means of calculating distance for each group.View full abstractDownload PDF (1004K) -
KAORU NOGUCHI, MASANORI MOTOKI1972 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 204-208
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA configuration looking like a cross of a black rectangle and a white rectangle on a mid-gray background was uniformly illuminated. Illuminance was varied over 2.4 log units in five steps. Each of 10 Ss was asked to judge which one, the black or the white, looked transparent or in front. The percent of “white” judgments generally increased as illuminance was increased. The effect was most marked when the central overlapping area had an intermediate lightness. The findings of this experiment demonstrated that apparent transparency obeyed the law of similarity of a critical area and its neighboring areas, Illuminance was interpreted as one of the most important factors determining the degree of mutual similarity.View full abstractDownload PDF (2023K) -
KEN GORYO, RYOJI KAWAI1972 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 209-218
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn attempt was made to demonstrate a short-term visual storage (STVS) using a visual marker. The position effect in STVS was also examined. Stimulus arrays consisting of various numbers of letters were tachistoscopically presented. Two types of letter arrangement, the Circular and the Rectangular, were used. S's task was to report all the letters he could remember (whole report) or to report only one letter indicated by a visual marker which was presented with various ISIs (partial report). In Light Condition, the adaptation field with the same luminance as that of the stimulus array and the marker fields was presented at all the time cxcept when the latter fields were presented. In Dark Condition, the stimulus arrays or the markers were presented against the dark background. The results showed clear evidence of STVS in both conditions. The luminance summation effect assumed in Dark Condition did not cancel out STVS effects. The whole and partial reports produced considerably different position effects. The results of the partial report suggested that the decay of information in STVS proceeds evenly in every position.View full abstractDownload PDF (800K)
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