Japanese Psychological Research

MEDIATIONAL MODELS IN REVERSAL AND NONREVERSAL SHIFT LEARNING

MASAMI KAJITA

1972 Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages 1-7
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.14.1

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Current studies concerned with mediation in shift learning have utilized a common core concept, dimension, regardless of various meanings on mediation. This concept has referred to the verbal labels associated with constituent parts of stimulus, or to the perceptually coded stimuli. Mediated transfer has been assumed to occur along a relevant dimension. Recently, some investigators questioned attributing the place of mediation to a relevant dimension, thus employing CVCs in place of dimensional stimuli. Consequently, even unrelated stimuli served to rapid reversals. This paper is an attempt of reinterpreting reversal-nonreversal findings in view of the stimulus set relation defined by mathematical set theory, and thereby providing an alternative viewpoint with this field to develop the concept of mediation and hold consistency among previous findings. Some advantages in the conception are discussed.

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PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATES OF REACTION TIME UNDER CONDITIONS OF FIXED AND VARIABLE FOREPERIODS

SHOJI KAKIGI, TOSHIRO KAIZUKA, HAYAO IMASHIOYA

1972 Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages 8-15
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.14.8

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The present experiment was designed to test the effects of interstimulus intervals between the response stimuli upon reaction time (RT) under the conditions of two fixed (10 sec and 20 sec) and two variable (5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, and 15 sec; 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 sec) intervals of eliminating the physical preparatory stimulus, and to monitor heart rate (HR) for analyzing the relationship between RT and HR. The results obtained showed that the 10 sec fixed interval condition was associated with a fastest RT, being interpreted as an optimal interval in this experiment. For each of the variable conditions the longer intervals tended to show faster RTs. Some positive correlation between RT and HR was obtained during the latter part of trials. This might be interpreted by Lacey's hypothesis. The problem of optimal interval in RT was discussed in relation to the theory of classical conditioning.

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THE PREFRONTAL CORTICAL ABLATION AND THE SPONTANEOUS SKIN POTENTIAL RESPONSES IN CATS

KATUO YAMAZAKI, TETUO TAJIMI

1972 Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages 16-20
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.14.16

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The spontaneous skin potential responses (SPRs) are high amplitude and low frequency in normal intact kittens and in adult cats whose prefrontal cortex are ablated, while they are low amplitude and high frequency in normal intact adult cats under the same waking condition. On the basis of these results and other work reported by previous investigators, it is concluded that the prefrontal cortex gradually develops double influence, that is, an inhibitory and an excitatory in function on the spontaneous SPRs in kittens with maturation.

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EFFECTS OF ECS ON ONE-TRIAL OPERANT AND CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

MASATAKA WATANABE

1972 Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages 21-31
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.14.21

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To verify the consolidation hypothesis of memory storage, the effects of ECS were studied on one-trial appetitive learning (operant conditioning) in Exp. I and on one-trial heart rate conditioning (classical conditioning) in Exp. II (Exp. I. Ss: 80 albino rats; Exp. II, Ss: 65 albino rats).
The results of Exp. I supported the consolidation hypothesis, and the consolidation period in this case proved to be tens of seconds.
The results of Exp. II did not necessarily support the hypothesis.
These results suggest the possibility that the consolidation hypothesis may not hold in the case of classical conditioning, and that the neurobiological mechanism concerned with the establishment of memory may differ according to the type of conditioning (operant vs. classical) involved.

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A COMPARISON OF TWO DIRECTIONAL AND ONE DIRECTIONAL RUNWAY PERFORMANCE

ALLEN H. WOLACH, KENNETH A. ZYCH

1972 Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages 32-37
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.14.32

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Eight groups of rats were trained in a straight alley runway in order to assess the effects of postreinforcement delay (i. e., the amount of time S remains in the goal box after reinforcement), intertrial interval (i. e., the interval that elapses while S is removed from the apparatus), and two-way running vs. one-way running. The study revealed that running in two directions and intertrial intervals outside of the apparatus increased resistance to extinction. Longer delays between trials produces less resistance to extinction than shorter delay periods.

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STUDIES ON MODIFICATION OF SPONTANEOUS AUTONOMIC ACTIVITY

III. THE RELATION OF STRENGTH OF REINFORCER TO INSTRUMENTAL MODIFIABILITY OF AUTONOMIC RESPONSE

KEIICHI HAMANO, SUSUMU MIYAKE

1972 Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages 38-42
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.14.38

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ON MÜLLER-URBAN WEIGHTS

YOSHIHISA TANAKA

1972 Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages 43-46
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.14.43

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