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Volume 14 (1972)
- Issue 4 Pages 153-
- Issue 3 Pages 101-
- Issue 2 Pages 47-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 14, Issue 2
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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TAKESHI SUGIMURA1972 Volume 14 Issue 2 Pages 47-53
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn Experiment I preschool children were trained on an intermediate-size problem to a criterion of 5 successive correct or 5 plus 20 correct responses, and then given a Near or a Far transposition test in which the background of discriminative stimuli was changed between training and testing. In Experiment II the Ss were trained on a two-stimulus problem consisting of one or two dimensions, and then given a transposition test in which the number of dimensions was changed between training and testing. The results indicated that (a) in both experiments transposition increased after overtraining but there was no difference in transposition between the change and the no-change conditions, and (b) in Experiment I the distance effect was significant but the distance by change interaction was not significant. The fact that there was no effect of the stimulus change was inconsistent with a prediction from the discriminability hypothesis. The increment of transposition by overtraining was in line with the previous study and was discussed with reference to the two-stage theory of discrimination learning.View full abstractDownload PDF (585K) -
HASSAN SAYEED, ALLEN H. WOLACH1972 Volume 14 Issue 2 Pages 54-60
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGroups of mature (110 days old) and immature (45 days old) rats experienced training with moderate (5 pellets) or small (1 pellet) reward. Half of the groups experienced four phases of training, each phase consisting of 18 daily trials. Reward magnitude was reversed after the last trial of each phase. The remaining groups experienced two phases of training consisting of 24 and 18 daily trials, respectively. No evidence for contrast effects (positive or negative) was obtained for any of the groups. Immature Ss attained lower running rates than mature Ss across all phases of training. The differences in running speeds for the two reward magnitudes were attenuated across the successive phases. It was concluded that large reward magnitude disparities are necessary for negative contrast effect to occur.View full abstractDownload PDF (615K) -
GIYOO HATANO, KEIKO KUHARA1972 Volume 14 Issue 2 Pages 61-69
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS13 5-6-year-olds were trained on class inclusion problems as representative of tasks concerning the grasp of logical relations. Training program consisted mainly of presenting two classes having inclusive, mutually implicational or partly overlapping relation, asking their numerical comparison, asking whether or not AΛB and AΛB are empty, giving feedback and explanation, and, where indicated by S' response pattern, auxiliary training in double classification and/or visualization of relationships. Against a fairly strict criterion, 8 Ss acquired not merely the “inclusion response, ” but a true grasp of inclusive relation. Variability of logical relations in the training and two ‘prompting questions’ concerning AΛB and AΛB seemed to be essential components of this effective program.View full abstractDownload PDF (742K) -
MASAAKI YOSHIDA1972 Volume 14 Issue 2 Pages 70-86
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFirst, Amoore's stereochemical theory of olfaction was re-examined by principal component analysis. Both stereochemical and organoleptic similarities give us nearly the same information. Clustering of etherial, musky, minty, and camphoracious odors are seen, but not so for floral odors. The number of primary odor categories seems to be four rather than his proposal of seven.
Second, Dravnieks' subjective similarity matrix among 21 odors was analyzed by multidimensional scaling (Torgerson, Ekman, and Micko's models). A few factors were extracted, of which hedonic tone was the most conspicuous dimension.View full abstractDownload PDF (1288K) -
YOSHIO TAKANE1972 Volume 14 Issue 2 Pages 87-100
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFirst the formal relationship between factor analysis and latent class model of latent structure analysis was explicated and thereupon the recruitment latent class was estimated in the same manner that factor scores are estimated in factor analysis. Finally thus obtained results were compared with the one through direct recruitment probability procedure.View full abstractDownload PDF (769K)
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