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Volume 17 (1975)
- Issue 4 Pages 155-
- Issue 3 Pages 111-
- Issue 2 Pages 61-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 17, Issue 4
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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SUSUMU TAKAHASHI1975 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 155-166
Published: February 28, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to test directly the change in meaning hypothesis of the context effect. Ss were given 3 personality-trait adjectives description of a stimulus person, and they rated their liking for the person, their liking for a test adjective and its connotative meaning. The degree of semantic redundancy among 3 adjectives was manipulated by varying their semantic similarity. The results indicated that the both ratings of the test adjective's likability and its connotative meaning directly varied as a function of the context desirability. While the changes in meaning were unexpectedly greater in highly redundant adjectives than in the less redundants, the magnitude of the context effect was significantly greater in the less redundant adjectives than in the highly redundants. Moreover, the impressions based upon the less redundant descriptions were more polarized than the impressions based upon the highly redundants. While these findings strongly support the change in meaning hypothesis, the results were discussed in the light of the differential weighted averaging formulation.View full abstractDownload PDF (888K) -
SYUNICHI MARUNO1975 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 167-173
Published: February 28, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purposes of this study was to assess the developmental changes of strategies in reversal shift process. A reversal shift with verbal materials containing 2 dimensions simultaneously was investigated at 4 developmental levels: Second grade, fourth grade, junior high school, and college. After the shift problem was completed, the level of information-processing of Ss was inquired under some questions. The results showed that (1) in all developmental levels, 3 strategies, conceptual, response-switching, and associative strategies were found, (2) in the shift problem, the response-switching strategy group as well as the conceptual strategy group learned more quickly than the associative strategy group, and (3) the use of conceptual strategy increased with age. It was suggested that developmental changes of strategies in reversal shift process may reflect differences in the level of information-processing Ss reached at the end of original learning.View full abstractDownload PDF (508K) -
TOSHIAKI TASAKI, FUMIYASU SEKI1975 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 174-181
Published: February 28, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS2 experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of 2 motives (affiliation and achievement), and their interaction with pressure sources in conformity. The Ss were all college students. The task given to the Ss was to evaluate the 18 sets of 3 pictures. The evaluations (fictional) of the authorities and group members were given to them as pressure sources. 2 motives were measured by TAT method. The Ss with high affiliation and achievement motives were more conforming than the Ss with low ones. The positive effects of the interaction of affiliation and pressure sources on conformity were confirmed but that of achievement and pressure sources were not.View full abstractDownload PDF (582K) -
A COMPARISON OF IMAGINAL AND VERBAL MEDIATIONHIDEKO ITO1975 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 182-191
Published: February 28, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present experiment aimed to compare the roles of imaginal and verbal mediators in observational learning. Elementary school children were assigned for the picture (P) and word (W) card sorting learning. Performances of the observational groups (PO, WO) proved better than those of the non-observational groups (PNO, WNO), and the PO was more effective than the WO. Then each of the 4 groups were divided into conceptual (c) and non-conceptual (nc) groups and these 8 groups were compared with one another. The effects of observation in the PO-c and the PO-nc suggest the functioning of verbal and imaginal mediation, respectively. Superior performance of the PO-c to the PO-nc and the WO-c may suggest the facilitative effect of both verbal and imaginal mediators.View full abstractDownload PDF (730K) -
LEVER-PULLING RESPONSE SPEED IN CHILDREN AS A FUNCTION OF DELAY OF REINFORCEMENT AND INCENTIVE VALUEYOSHIO SHIROIWA1975 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 192-196
Published: February 28, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe speed of a lever-pulling response was measured for 48 kindergarten children under different conditions of delay of reinforcement and incentive value. Ss were divided into 6 groups depending upon 3 delayed reinforcements (Immediate, 5-sec and 10-sec Delay) and 2 incentive values (High and Low). On each trial, measures of starting and movement time of a lever-pulling response were taken. The starting speeds were inversely related to the delay of reinforcement. For the movement speeds, Ss of the immediate reinforcement groups responded faster than those of the delayed reinforcement groups. The incentive value variable did not, however, affect both speeds. The data were interpreted in terms of the competing response hypothesis.View full abstractDownload PDF (365K) -
YUKIMASA NOMURA1975 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 197-202
Published: February 28, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present experiment was designed to test whether the levels of processing were affected by the information of an interpolating task. The design was a 2×2×2 factorial one, in which a between factor was a length of list (5- and 15-word lists) and 2 within factors were immediate or delayed recall format and with or without information of recall format. Regarding the 15-word list, final free recall results revealed the significant interaction of recall format and its information. The results of 5-word list, however, did not show the significant interaction of these variables. Then the results of 15-word list might be interpreted as follows: S having the information of immediate recall would rely on the maintaining type of rehearsal for the last few items of each list, but S having the information of delayed recall format would have to rely on the elaborative type of rehearsal.View full abstractDownload PDF (414K) -
EXPERIMENTS ON SIZE CONSTANCY IN THE PHOTOGRAPHS WITH SINGLE COMPARISON METHODTOSHIHIDE SHIMADA1975 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 203-212
Published: February 28, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn experiment was conducted on the development of size constancy, after the technique of Weinstein (1957), with controlled background of photographs, which restrict cues for distance perception. With 86 Os from 5-yr. old children to the adults, longitudinal method (2, 4 years' interval), single comparison method, etc. were adopted. Size constancy was observed in the 5-yr. old child when cues of distance were deleted in a photograph. Under these conditions, size constancy changes with age, but it is not a linear change but one with specific traits at each age level. There was no significant difference in size constancy between children and adults when cues are abundant.View full abstractDownload PDF (3133K) -
THE VERBAL-LOOP HYPOTHESISTATSUO TONE, MOTOFUMI MURAOKA1975 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 213-215
Published: February 28, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAccording to the verbal-loop hypothesis, the complexity of line drawings is determined by the number of words needed to describe them. 40 Japanese undergraduates described 10 line drawings in Japanese and rated their complexity. The correlation of length of verbalization and rated complexity was low contrary to the consequence of hypothesis.View full abstractDownload PDF (180K)
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