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Volume 18 (1976)
- Issue 4 Pages 155-
- Issue 3 Pages 105-
- Issue 2 Pages 47-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 18, Issue 1
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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TOSHIAKI HISAMA1976 Volume 18 Issue 1 Pages 1-5
Published: June 30, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA semantic differential scale was administered to 90 students enrolled in the course, “Characteristics and Problems of Children with Learning Disabilities, ” to investigate learning disabilities concepts acquired by the students. The results, analyzed by a factorial method, revealed that there were 2 factors in terms of theoretical approaches in learning disabilities. Suggestions for further research are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (310K) -
TOYOBU WATANABE, JOAN RAWLINSON1976 Volume 18 Issue 1 Pages 6-13
Published: June 30, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNormal and subnormal children were given a size discrimination and its reversal tasks. They were equally subdivided into groups of high and low language comprehension ability on the basis of their Sentence Comprehension Test (SCT) scores. The results indicated that the child's SCT scores can be a good predictor of his performance on the reversal task. For normal Ss with low SCT scores, the results supported the view of O'Connor and Hermelin that reinforcement of child's verbalization leads to stable and persistent response set which has an interfering effect on reversal shift. It is suggested that the data may be interpreted in terms of a production deficiency hypothesis. This experiment failed to replicate the O'Connor and Hermelin finding that subnormal children perform a reversal shift better than matched normal peers.View full abstractDownload PDF (515K) -
TAKESHI SUGIMURA1976 Volume 18 Issue 1 Pages 14-19
Published: June 30, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to assess S's concept utilization in learning the sorting tasks, preschool children were given either a conceptual sorting task (CST) or a half conceptual sorting task (HST). The results revealed that CST was learned faster than HST by the Ss with high conceptual ability (Exp. I) and in the sorting tasks with high frequency instances (Exp. II), and that both sortings were learned almost at the same rate by the Ss with low ability and in the sorting tasks with low frequency. The superiority of CST over HST is attributable to S's concept utilization in learning the sorting tasks. Whether preschool children can learn in a mediational manner or not depends on S's ability and the nature of the learning task.View full abstractDownload PDF (493K) -
SHIZUFUMI EBIHARA, KEIICHIRO TSUJI1976 Volume 18 Issue 1 Pages 20-29
Published: June 30, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study examined the strain differences in the type of diurnal rhythm of wheel-running among 12 strains of mice. Test was done in the home-cage situation by placing the wheel over the nest box for a week. Strains used in the experiment were A, CBA, C3H, C57BL/6J, DBA, CS, DDK, KR, KSB, NC, BS and Mom. A, DDK, DBA and KR were classified as Type-A, the mice of which were active only at night. BS, CBA, C3H, C57BL/6J, KSB and NC were of Type-B, whose wheel-running was not completely suppressed in the daytime. Mom showed the diurnal rhythm of Type-A, but differed in the other aspects. The Mom mice were hesitant to mount the wheel but were persistent to run in the wheel once they began. Thus Mom was classified as Type-A'. CS was peculiar in that it did not show the diurnal rhythm. CS mice were active both at night and in the daytime. These types of rhythm were consistently observed independently of internal factors such as age, sex, conception and estrus cycle and of external ones such as lighting, temperature and humidity. Therefore, the type of rhythm was considered to be controlled by the hereditary factors.View full abstractDownload PDF (2989K) -
HIDETSUGU TAJIKA1976 Volume 18 Issue 1 Pages 30-35
Published: June 30, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of the present experiment was to investigate a function of organization in the part-whole transfer paradigm. The Ss were 32 undergraduates and were randomly assigned to the 4 groups. The Ss learned a 9-item list and then an 18-item list under simultaneously presented lists of free recall learning. In the part-list learning, 2 groups having constructed narratives woven around the items to be remembered seemed to be superior to the other ones. In the whole-list learning, recall scores of Narratives-constructing Experimental Group were superior to the others. ITRs increased with practices in all groups. Negative part-whole transfer was observed in Experimental Group. Positive part-whole transfer of Narratives-constructing Experimental Group was explained by optimal organization in the part-list learning.View full abstractDownload PDF (442K) -
SETSUKO MIZUNO1976 Volume 18 Issue 1 Pages 36-45
Published: June 30, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influence of structural redundancy upon the span of short-term memory for symbols was investigated using stimuli generated by a Markov process. The span was found to be significantly greater for redundant sequences than for sequences generated by a random process, for which the span had been found to depend solely upon the average amount of information per symbol. Further experiments using two sets of stimuli with the same amount of information per stimulus symbol with different symbol transition probabilities revealed that the memory span was influenced by the amount of inter-symbol correlation, the span being greater for stimuli in which runs were prominent. The results were explained by an assumption that Ss employed run-length coding as the recoding strategy to increase the memory span.View full abstractDownload PDF (702K) -
1976 Volume 18 Issue 1 Pages e1a
Published: 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (43K) -
1976 Volume 18 Issue 1 Pages e1b
Published: 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (43K)
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