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Volume 20 (1978)
- Issue 4 Pages 155-
- Issue 3 Pages 105-
- Issue 2 Pages 51-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 20, Issue 3
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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I. THE CASE IN WHICH ALL EMPIRICAL PAIRWISE ORDERINGS ARE INDEPENDENT-EVALUATIONSYOSHIO TAKANE1978 Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages 105-114
Published: December 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA maximum likelihood estimation procedure for nonmetric multidimensional scaling (MAXSCAL-1) described in the previous paper (Takane, 1978) is evaluated using both Monte Carlo and real data. Two Monte Carlo studies are designed each with specific objectives. In the first study various aspects (numerical quality of estimates, robustness, etc.) of solutions are examined as functions of the number of replications per tetrad, the number of observations (the number of tetrads for which observations are made) and the magnitude of discriminal dispersions. The results strongly suggest the importance of replicated observations for obtaining solutions of “good” qualities. In the second Monte Carlo study the effects of a particular type of systematic violations of distributional assumptions are inspected. The estimates of the location parameters (stimulus coordinates) are found to be less susceptible to the kind of distributional violations examined here, while the goodness of fit statistics (the chi-square, the AIC) tend to overestimate the correct dimensionality of the representation space. Two sets of real data are analyzed to demonstrate the advantages of the current procedure, namely the availability of confidence regions, the availability of the goodness of fit statistics, and the constrained optimization feature for testing hypotheses.View full abstractDownload PDF (774K) -
KAYO YASUDA1978 Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages 115-123
Published: December 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMcCollough-type contingent aftereffects (CAEs) could be obtained using chromatic Mackay patterns comprized orthogonal orientations, such as concentric circles vs. radial lines. The results of the aftereffects and the supplementary studies of eye movements indicated that these CAEs were explained not in terms of spatial frequency or curvature but in terms of orientation. That is, the local orthogonality of two adapting stimuli on the retina was an important factor to produce them. The characteristics of the established CAEs, however, suggested that they were processed at a lower level of the central system. They occurred even when the structure of the test pattern was not recognized. The results were discussed in view of orientation detectors and their mutual lateral interactions.View full abstractDownload PDF (698K) -
A REEXAMINATION OF THE SEMANTIC FEATURE HYPOTHESISHIROSHI NAGATA1978 Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages 124-132
Published: December 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Semantic Feature Hypothesis (SFH) concerning acquisition of spatial terms was examined in children ranging in age from 2:0 to 3:6. The variables controlled were age (older, younger), stimulus object (concrete, abstract), polarity (positive, negative) and number of semantic features (1, 2, 3). The overall results showed the main effects due to age, polarity, and number of features, and the interactions between stimulus objects and polarity, thus lending support to the SFH to a certain extent. However, the detailed analysis of errors revealed results not consistent with the Hypothesis. The results were interpreted as suggesting that, at least in the initial phase of acquisition, a variety of experiential factors might contribute to the order in which spatial terms are acquired.View full abstractDownload PDF (729K) -
SHOICHI IWASAKI1978 Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages 133-142
Published: December 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe limits of attention was investigated. In Exp. 1, 12 subjects were told to respond to the central signal presented in the tachistoseope. The RTs were affected differentially by the kinds of the flanking noise letters, if the spacing between signal and noise letters was 0.5° of visual angle. However, the limits of attention could be expanded, when 10 subjects were exposed to a task adapted from the Stroop test (Exp. II). Another group of 12 subjects were tested with SOAs (stimulus onset asynchrony) inserted between target and noise onsets (Exp. III). The 30 msec lead of the noise tended to restore the noise-target interaction even at the spacing of 1.5°.View full abstractDownload PDF (973K) -
SATOSHI SHIMAI, HIROSHI IMADA1978 Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages 143-147
Published: December 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDiscriminated rearing avoidance conditioning was studied using a 2×2 factorial design in which the two factors were levels of shock intensity and presence or absence avoidance contingency. Two avoidance groups of rats were trained to avoid shocks by their upward movement which cut the invisible beams running at 15 cm above the floor. The other two groups were trained by signaled escape training procedure without avoidance contingency. The CS-US interval was 5 sec and a total of 300 trials were run over five days. The avoidance groups showed increase of avoidance over five days and the level of avoidance was positively related to shock intensity. The number of responses which occurred within 5 sec after the CS onset in the nonavoidance groups decreased over five days. In the high shock avoidance group, the topography of avoidance was rearing but the escape response was mostly jumping.View full abstractDownload PDF (380K) -
YOTARO TAKANO1978 Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages 148-153
Published: December 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe dissimilarity measure was developed to specify the units of organization in free recall and the quantitative relationship between those units. The dissimilarities obtained from the recall protocols for a categorized list were analyzed by hierarchical cluster analysis and nonmetric multidimensional scaling, and the results indicated that the dissimilarity measure had some empirical validity. In addition, the operation of the multitrial cued retrieval (MCR) procedure and of the adjustment of the dissimilarity measure was examined and revealed to be effective in eliminating some distractors for measurement.View full abstractDownload PDF (456K) -
1978 Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages e1
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (10K)
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