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Volume 20 (1978)
- Issue 4 Pages 155-
- Issue 3 Pages 105-
- Issue 2 Pages 51-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 20, Issue 4
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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KEN SHIINA, ROBERT B. JR. FREEMAN1978 Volume 20 Issue 4 Pages 155-158
Published: March 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSParafoveal visual acuity (a modified Landolt ring) was reduced by a simultaneous foveal detection task. Two types of foveal tasks were used: Landolt ring and upper-case letter. The foveal letter target reduced acuity of the parafoveal ring by a greater amount than did the foveal Landolt ring.View full abstractDownload PDF (301K) -
SHIGERU ICHIHARA, KEN GORYO1978 Volume 20 Issue 4 Pages 159-166
Published: March 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo find the effects of relative orientation of surrounding gratings on visibility (dominance) of central gratings in binocular rivalry and on apparent brightness of central gratings, we examined how the visibility (Exp. I, II) and the apparent brightness (Exp. III) would be changed as the function of the angle (θ), or orientation difference, between the central and the surrounding gratings. The results indicated that similar effects were found in the binocular rivalry experiments and in the apparent brightness experiment: Both the dominance time of the central grating in binocular rivalry and the apparent brightness of it were minimum at 20° in θ, and they increased as θ increased or decreased from 20°. These results were explained by the hypothesis of mutual inhibition between orientation detectors.View full abstractDownload PDF (586K) -
HIROSHI IMADA, KOZO SUGIOKA, YUJI OHKI, HAJIME NINOHIRA, AKIHIKO YAMAZ ...1978 Volume 20 Issue 4 Pages 167-176
Published: March 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThirsty rats were run in a water-drinking situation in which brief shocks of two different intensities were given with a fixed-time 40-sec schedule and in a double-alternation (DA) pattern of shock intensity, without any signal in Experiment I and with two different kinds of signal during the shock-shock interval in Experiment II. The three groups in Experiment II differed regarding the relationship of the signal with shock intensities. In Group SA, tone and light were presented in single-alternation and in Group R they were presented in a random order. In all the above groups there was no evidence of DA patterning of the suppression in licking to correspond with the variation in shock intensity. Only in Group DA, in which the two modalities of signal corresponded with the two respective shock intensities, was a DA patterning of suppression observed. There was clear evidence in all groups that the strong shock had an immediate burst-inducing function. In Experiment III the possibility that rats would predict forthcoming events on the basis of shock-cues was pursued but the results turned out to be negative.View full abstractDownload PDF (764K) -
KENNICHI OHBUCHI, KAZUYA HORIKE1978 Volume 20 Issue 4 Pages 177-182
Published: March 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCognitive complexity was measured in terms of dimensionality and articulation. How consistent they were between different measuring conditions was examined by correlating their measures with one another obtained from two sets of grids differing in constructs, objects (role persons), and tasks (rating vs. grouping). Measures of dimensionality were the modified Bieri's matching score, Scott's D, and Ware's percent of variance of the first principal component, and those of articulation, Bieri's matching score, Scott's C, and the number of groups. The main findings were as follows.(1) Dimensionality varied quite largely between two conditions differing in elements of grids, while articulation kept some coherence.(2) According to the results of split-half method, alternation of objects in a grid contributed more to fluctuation of dimensionality than of constructs.View full abstractDownload PDF (470K) -
NAOYUKI OSAKA, JOSEPH D. COHEN, MUNEHIRA AKITA, YOSHIMICHI EJIMA1978 Volume 20 Issue 4 Pages 183-186
Published: March 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUnique-hue spectral loci were measured under conditions of neutral adaptation as part of a study of hue-response recovery following chromatic adaptation. Four observers adjusted the wavelength of the test-field until it appeared to be neither yellow nor blue (unique green) or neither red nor green (unique yellow and blue) in randomized sessions. The results showed that there were marked individual differences and long-term drifts in the unique-hue settings over a period of a month. The variability within a session was minimal.View full abstractDownload PDF (209K) -
SHOJI KAKIGI, TAKASHI MATSUDA, GENICHI HAGINO1978 Volume 20 Issue 4 Pages 187-190
Published: March 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present experiment was designed to investigate the factors affecting the resolution of the contingent negative variation (CNV). In the first session, 11 subjects were tested in a standard CNV paradigm. These subjects were then tested in a probability learning paradigm in which a red or green feedback light informed the subjects whether their choice of response was correct or incorrect. The feedback stimuli were presented.75, 1, and 1.5 sec after the imperative stimulus. The results showed that the resolution of CNV occurred immediately after the motor response in the standard CNV paradigm. In the feedback paradigm, on the other hand, the resolution of CNV occurred only after the feedback stimulus. The results suggested that the resolution of CNV is contingent upon the psychological state of completion initiated by the feedback stimulus rather than the motor response.View full abstractDownload PDF (327K) -
JERRY HIGGINS, MICHAEL KAWACHI, MELINDA HOWELL1978 Volume 20 Issue 4 Pages 191-193
Published: March 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo groups of 25 Japanese male undergraduates with good and poor social adjustment as determined by a questionnaire freely placed figures of a father, a mother, a son, and a daughter on a field. The combined groups placed the son closer to the mother than to the father (p<.01). The results were in contrast to those from an American sample, and indicate that familial schemata are influenced by cultural differences in family structure.View full abstractDownload PDF (181K) -
EFFECTS OF AFFILIATIVE TENDENCY AND SENSITIVITY TO REJECTIONKIYOSHI ANDO1978 Volume 20 Issue 4 Pages 194-199
Published: March 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of people's affiliative tendency and sensitivity to rejection on the amount of self-disclosure in the acquaintance process were examined using a story format. Subject was presented with a sequential set of simulated interaction scenarios involving themselves and a hypothetical other person. After reading each scenario, subject was presented with a self-disclosure questionnaire containing eight high and eight low intimacy topics, and was asked to rate how much they would disclose each topic to him on 4-point scales. It was found that, in intimate area, affiliative tendency tended to facilitate self-disclosure at every stage of the relationship, whereas sensitivity to rejection inhibited it at the earlier stage. Further implications for future research were also suggested.View full abstractDownload PDF (470K) -
SUSUMU YAMAGUCHI1978 Volume 20 Issue 4 Pages 200-205
Published: March 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the present study, it was hypothesized that subjects would accept statements involving people's negative opinion more easily than those involving positive opinion. To examine the hypothesis, a technique developed by Gilson and Abelson (1965) was used: Positive and negative opinions were operationalized as sentence verbs, support and oppose, respectively. Experiment I confirmed the above hypothesis. However, there was no general tendency among subjects to accept negative statements more easily than positive statements. Experiment II was conducted to examine this point, by using a wide variety of verbs. The result of Experiment II, however, was not conclusive.View full abstractDownload PDF (442K)
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