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Volume 22 (1980)
- Issue 4 Pages 157-
- Issue 3 Pages 103-
- Issue 2 Pages 55-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 22, Issue 3
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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TOSHIAKI TASAKI1980 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 103-109
Published: December 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study is to examine a hypothesis that conformity reduces an indivisual's inner tension. A Crutchfield type conformity experiment with a task to evaluate paintings was performed. The subjects were university students divided into 20 groups of five students in each. The title recall ratios of the paintings evaluated by the subjects after conformity induction (so-called Zeigarnik effect) were used as an index of inner tension. The recall ratio was higher in the order of Consonant, Conformity, Anti-conformity and Non-conformity response paintings.View full abstractDownload PDF (579K) -
HARUHIKO OHTSUBO, TOMIKO TESHIMA, SACHIO NAKAMIZO1980 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 110-118
Published: December 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn experiment was conducted to examine the effect of the electronic pseudophone on sound localization in the front field of the lateral dimension.Measurements of sound localization were taken with or without head movements when the interaural axis of the pseudophone was oriented normal (nonreversal) or 180° reversed (reversal). The results obtained from five subjects showed that:(a) The pseudophone produced a right/left reversal of apparent auditory location in reversal trials;(b) the head movements have an effect of decreasing the average errors of localization in nonreversal trials but increasing the average errors in reversal trials;(c) our pseudophone was satisfactory for further studies on acoustical transposition of the ears.View full abstractDownload PDF (636K) -
YUTAKA HARUKI, KANEO NEDATE, MARI WAJIMA1980 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 119-124
Published: December 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRelative effectiveness of a new, alien, type of reinforcement was examined in comparison with a conventional, external, one. Ninety-six children, 3rd and 6th grade boys and girls, worked on simple visual discrimination tasks. Under the alien condition, the child's responses were reinforced by the experimenter receiving reinforcers from him/herself. While both 3rd and 6th graders learned the task under the external condition, under the alien condition, 3rd graders did not show learning and 6th graders showed learning only when the experimenter was male. Results did not differ between boys and girls. More children felt delightful under external but not under alien reinforcement. The present results corroborated previous results of adolescents.View full abstractDownload PDF (497K) -
A STUDY OF THE SIGNAL PROPERTIESKATSUYUKI YAMASAKI, FUMIO YAMADA, YO MIYATA1980 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 125-133
Published: December 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen an aversive stimulus (S2) follows a weak neutral stimulus (S1), the responses to S2 are modified. Compared with an S2-alone control, facilitation occurs in the long-ISI (e. g., 8 s) condition, while inhibition occurs in the short-ISI (e. g., . 5s). The S1 employed in this kind of study can have the three properties of time, warning, and physical stimulation as a signal. In this study, the relations between response modifications and S1 properties were investigated, using the response measures of the eyeblink reflex and subjective aversiveness ratings. In addition to demonstrating the importance of the ISI variable, the results indicated that in the eyeblink reflex, the S1 with only a physical stimulation property was necessary for facilitation, while the S1 with at least time and physical stimulation properties was necessary for inhibition, and in the aversiveness ratings, the S1 with at least a physical stimulation property was necessary for inhibition, while no facilitation was found whatever property S1 had.View full abstractDownload PDF (725K) -
SHIZUHIKO NISHISATO1980 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 134-143
Published: December 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method was developed to determine values of stimuli and category boundaries through differential weighting of subjects. The method transforms the data into the subjects-by-parameters (scale values of stimuli and category boundaries) matrix of incidences, and derives both weights for the subjects and estimates of the parameters which are the most discriminative in the least squares sense. A numerical example was presented to illustrate the procedure and points of interest.View full abstractDownload PDF (711K) -
TOMOKAZU HAEBARA1980 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 144-149
Published: December 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA general procedure for equating logistic ability scales that involves the use of a loss function and an optimization process is formulated. As one of the optimum estimation procedures, a weighted least squares method is introduced and applied to an achievement scale and an intelligence scale. An advantage of the method over previously proposed methods is that highly discriminating items tend to affect equating more strongly than less discriminating items.View full abstractDownload PDF (405K) -
TAKESHI SUGIMURA, SEIKO FUKADA1980 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 150-155
Published: December 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSKindergarten children were given a series of picture pairs, each containing two instances either of the same category or of different categories, and were required to judge whether two instances in each pair were of the same category or of different categories. Pairs of high-frequency and low-frequency instances were provided for each set of similar categories (fruit vs. vegetable) and dissimilar categories (fruit vs. musical instrument). Performances were better for the dissimilar set, the high-frequency instances, and the same pairs than for the similar set, the low-frequency instances, and the different pairs, respectively. The first-order interactions among the three variables were all significant. The results were interpreted in terms of discriminability of conceptual categories, retrieval of the category names from their instances, and errors by concept overgeneralization.View full abstractDownload PDF (473K)
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