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Volume 22 (1980)
- Issue 4 Pages 157-
- Issue 3 Pages 103-
- Issue 2 Pages 55-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 22, Issue 4
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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REIKO KOYAMA1980 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 157-167
Published: March 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this experiment is to compare two groups (CONC EXT-DRO and CONC EXT-EXT) for behavior elimination under concurrent schedule with humans. Using a lever, both response frequency and force were measured. In order to secure the independence of each schedule, COD and COD' were provided. Both the result of the present experiment and that of Koyama (1978) show that the feedback in the form of reinforcement, e. g., DRO, is important for elimination, and that the use of VI as the other schedule for DRO or EXT increases the speed of elimination. This is contrary to the findings of Harman (1973) with pigeons. Response force does not differ greatly on eliminating behavior.View full abstractDownload PDF (753K) -
THE INTEROCEPTIVE DETECTION AND CONTROL OF CARDIAC ACTIVITY VIA TRAINING PROCEDURE OF CARDIAC-MOTOR COUPLINGKEIICHI HAMANO1980 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 168-177
Published: March 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study consists of two experiments, the first of which is an extension of a preceding study. To test a hypothesis that the possibility of interoceptively detecting cardiac activity is enhanced by increasing the strength of concentration, an attempt was made in Experiment I to train subjects for sustained concentration by combining biofeedback technique with a cardiac-motor coupling procedure. The results demonstrated that a significant improvement in interoceptive cardiac detection developed along with such training. Experiment II was designed to determine whether the interoceptive detection facilitates subsequent learned cardiac control. The Experimental group showed better cardiac control than the Control group. These findings were taken to suggest some substantial relationship between the detection and the control. However, the effect of detecting interoceptive signals upon the cardiac controllability was not so much powerful as expected. In this respect, the role of intrinsic effector-produced feedback as a possible factor was proposed and discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (731K) -
OSAMU SUDA, KIYOBUMI KAWAKAMI1980 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 178-187
Published: March 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper reports our findings concerning the social behavior of twin infants. Twenty pairs of twin infants were observed at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 months of age in a home setting. Data regarding frequency were analyzed to determine to what extent genetic and perinatal influences were associated with the development of social behavior. In our results, innate programming was not found to influence infant social behavior during the first year of life. On the other hand, perinatal factors were found to influence infant social behavior before 4 or 6 months of age.View full abstractDownload PDF (690K) -
YOSHIO TAKANE1980 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 188-196
Published: March 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn light of the empirical evidence against simple scalability a generalized case of Thurstone's model of comparative judgment was proposed, in which covariance terms in discriminal processes are not necessarily assumed zero or constant. In order to avoid the indeterminacy (over-parametrization) problem of the model, the covariance matrix was assumed to have a prescribed rank. A parameter estimation procedure based on the maximum likelihood principle was developed and implemented in the form of a FORTRAN program. An example was given to illustrate the empirical relevance of the proposal.View full abstractDownload PDF (609K) -
MUNEO MITSUBOSHI, TOKU MITSUBOSHI1980 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 197-206
Published: March 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSpatial sensitization effect which refers to a decrease in the threshold for a test flash superimposed on the center of background with increasing background diameter is often attributed to the existence of an antagonistic center-surround organization within the retina. In the present study the wavelengths of test and background stimuli were varied systematically, while background luminance was kept constant, in order to find what changes occur in sensitization effects with combinations of test and background wavelengths. It was found that the largest spatial sensitization effects were produced when the wavelengths of test and background stimuli were similar. It is concluded that the center-surround antagonism must be organized, not between the different types, but within a single type of visual photopic mechanisms. An extraordinary findings obtained with a blue-violet test flash were briefly discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (699K) -
MASASHI IDA1980 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 207-212
Published: March 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Weibull distribution was applied to the data of simple RT experiments. The basic experimental paradigm was a simple RT design with response terminated signals and exponentially distributed random foreperiods. The stimulus was a signal of white light. The task of the subjects was to detect the change of the signal intensity. In nine cases out of eleven, the composite Weibull was of good fit for the obtained data. The remaining two cases showed the simple Weibull. The detection mechanisms were inferred by the use of the hazard (“the instantaneous response rate”) functions. The theoretical basis for the application of the Weibull distribution to the RT data was also discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (362K) -
CHUN CHIANG1980 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 213-218
Published: March 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA model is advanced to explain the McCollough effect and the contingent motion after-effect. This model is based on coupling of two units at the inspection stage, each of which is sensitive to a particular feature of the stimuli. In the testing stage, the input of one feature in the stimulus not only excites this particular feature detector, but also induces the excitation of the other feature detector through the coupling to the state compatible to the previous inspection stimulus, and the other newly incomming feature in the stimuli compared with this state produces the after-effect. Comparisons with other theories are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (435K) -
YASUHARU OKAMOTO1980 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 219-222
Published: March 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRole of expectancy in simple reaction time was investigated by changing the context in which an imperative stimulus was presented in various foreperiods (FP's). Two experiments were conducted. In experiment I, the range from which FP's were sampled was shifted, and in experiment II, the relative frequencies of various FP's were biased. The results of both experiments supported the assumption that expectancy has an important role in simple reaction time.View full abstractDownload PDF (264K)
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