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Volume 23 (1981)
- Issue 4 Pages 175-
- Issue 3 Pages 119-
- Issue 2 Pages 55-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 23, Issue 1
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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HARUKI SAKAI1981 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 1-8
Published: June 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study investigated the effects of commitment and inducement on opinion change in a forced compliance situation. Subjects were induced to record strongly counterattitudinal statements under two levels of commitment (Anonymous or Public recording). As inducement conditions, half of the subjects were offered one pencil while the remaining subjects were offered five pencils for recording the statements. It was found that subjects in the Public conditions showed opinion change in the direction of the counterattitudinal position while subjects in the Anonymous conditions did not. The inducement manipulation was not effective in producing differential opinion change. These results were discussed in terms of dissonance, self-presentation, and self-perception theories.View full abstractDownload PDF (633K) -
A developmental studyFUMIKO MATSUDA, MICHIHIKO MATSUDA1981 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 9-17
Published: June 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was confirmed using the reproduction method and using both children of 8 to 13 years and adults as subjects that the anti-kappa effect could occur even for static stimuli under the specific condition where subjects were induced to form the set to use velocity rather than spatial separation as the cue for the time estimation. The present finding concerning the effects of the spatial separation of successively presented static stimuli on the time estimation was in line with the hypothesis of “cue-selection sets” which was drawn from the results of the first author's previous studies on a moving stimulus. But the developmental tendency of the anti-kappa effect still needs to be examined further.View full abstractDownload PDF (679K) -
An effect of pragmatics on sentence memoryAKIMICHI OMURA, TOMONOBU UTSUO1981 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 18-26
Published: June 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSome of the recent researches have suggested that verbatim representation of English active and passive sentences will decrease in a very short period. This experiment was planned to examine whether the same results could be found in the case of Japanese active and passive sentences, because the Japanese passive differs from the English passive linguistically. It was found that even after 80 s probe sentences were verified faster if the input sentences were of the same voice. This result was discussed from the viewpoint of the effect of pragmatics on sentence processing.View full abstractDownload PDF (618K) -
TAKESHI HATTA1981 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 27-36
Published: June 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA series of the experiments was conducted to investigate hemisphere specialization for different levels of processing visually presented Kanji (Japanese logograph) stimuli. In the first experiment, subjects made a physical match of the paired Kanjis and showed faster RTs to the stimuli in their left visual fields. Subjects performed a lexical decision task in the second experiment, in which bona fide and counterfeit Kanjis were presented to either the left or the right visual field, and showed no difference between two visual fields. In the third experiment, subjects judged whether or not the presented Kanji (left/right) appeared in the semantically appropriate side of the visual field. The results suggested a strong left hemisphere contribution. Possible mechanisms for Kanji processing at different levels were discussed within an information processing framework.View full abstractDownload PDF (782K) -
TADASHI KIKUCHI1981 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 37-42
Published: June 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mask effectiveness was measured in terms of critical ISI, varying dot density and duration of the mask. The resulting curves were inversed U-shaped functions of random dot density, indicating that the maximal effectiveness of the mask was obtained at about 50% dot density. As the mask duration increased, the U-shaped curves became more symmetrical. This effect was primarily due to an increase in the masking magnitude at lower dot density levels. At higher dot density levels, the mask effectiveness was nearly constant for mask durations of 5 ms or longer, depending upon dot density. The results suggest that a main factor of this type of masking is a confusion in a composite perceptual image which contains a representation of both the target and the mask.View full abstractDownload PDF (454K) -
HITOSHI HONDA1981 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 43-48
Published: June 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing 22 right-handed subjects, inhibitory effects of the first stimulus (S1) to the second stimulus (S2) specifically on reaction time (RT) in double visual-visual stimulation situations were examined from the viewpoint of hemispheric input/output coupling. When the two stimuli were presented in the opposite visual half-fields, the RT of the left hemisphere (right hand) to S2 after the projection of S1 into the right hemisphere was significantly longer than the RT of the right hemisphere (left hand) to S2 after the projection of S1 into the left hemisphere. When the two stimuli were presented in the same visual half-field, such asymmetrical inhibition of RTs was no longer observed. The results were interpreted as the manifestation of an asymmetrical interhemispheric interference closely related to the hemispheric motor control of right-handed subjects.View full abstractDownload PDF (455K) -
SUMIO IMADA, SATOSHI SHIMAI, HIROSHI IMADA1981 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 49-54
Published: June 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of a fixed-time (FT) shock schedule upon rats' behavior were studied over 55 sessions using four subjects. Each rat was individually placed in a shock box and footshocks of 0.3 s each were administered regularly at 5 s intervals without regard to the rat's behavior. One session lasted for one hour in which 720 shocks were given. One rat learned to escape from the shock by jumping up at the advent of each shock with an approximate latency of 120 ms. The other three rats developed rearing and later jumping behaviors but these behaviors occurred mostly toward the end of the intershock intervals and seemed to have had no obvious instrumental meaning. The results were discussed in reinforcement terms and with reference to superstition experiments.View full abstractDownload PDF (388K)
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