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Volume 25 (1983)
- Issue 4 Pages 173-
- Issue 3 Pages 119-
- Issue 2 Pages 59-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 25, Issue 4
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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SHIN-ICHI ICHIKAWA1983 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 173-180
Published: March 01, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSImmediate memory spans of 82 students were measured through the recall of digit sequences and dot-in-matrix patterns. The reliabilities of both spans were very high, while the correlation between the spans was low (r=.209). In addition, the same subjects were given eight kinds of cognitive tasks (Word Relation, Maze, Addition, Shape Series, Anagram, Space Relation, Number Series, and Mental Rotation) selected from intelligence tests. The two spans were correlated with the performance of each task in different degrees. Results of the factor analysis showed that the digit span had a high loading value on the “verbal” factor, while the span with dot patterns loaded the “visuospatial” factor. It is suggested that the capacities of those verbal and visual immediate memory are independent to each other from the point of view of individual difference, and that they have distinct roles in problem solving.View full abstractDownload PDF (524K) -
KAZUO KOGA, RYOJI OSAKA1983 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 181-190
Published: March 01, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this article is to evaluate the simultaneous application of eye movement recording methods. The three methods of recording are the electro-oculogram (EOG), the corneal reflection method by a still camera (EMC) and the EMC aided by a computer (EMCC). Comparison of the methods in experimental applications was undertaken. A newly developed device and various improvements were made in the simultaneous recording experiment. The data of the EMCC were found more suitable for the analysis of fixations. Pattern analysis is easy with the EMC method. The way to make the best use of their abilities is a combined use of them.View full abstractDownload PDF (6214K) -
HIROSHI HOJO1983 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 191-201
Published: March 01, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe present a maximum likelihood estimation procedure for Shepard-Arabie ADCLUS (for “ADditive CLUStering”) model. The major advantages of our maximum likelihood ADCLUS (MLADCLUS) over theirs are two: (1) that MLADCLUS is capable of permitting hypothesis testing;(2) that MLADCLUS distinguishes and incorporates three types of models, “the representation model, ” “the error model, ” and “the response model, ” which are necessary for any reasonable psychological scaling. Applications of MLADCLUS to two different types of data gave the following results: (a) A solution with 13 semantic features such as “divide something three-dimensional into parts by force so as to cause damage, ” “cut something non-rigid into pieces by force, ” and “sever continuity” can give a good account of pair comparisons data of seven Japanese ‘break’ verbs.(b) An 8-cluster solution including such clusters as {P, R}, {F, P}, and {C, G} appears to best describe the structure of confusion matrix among six letters C, E, F, G, P, and R.(c) Both of these verbs and letters are better represented by the additive clustering model than by multidimensional scaling model.View full abstractDownload PDF (776K) -
Measurements of the post-stress activity rhythms and the body weight changeKENJI OMATA, KEIICHIRO TSUJI1983 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 202-212
Published: March 01, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo experiments were conducted to investigate the long-term effects of stress upon responses in inbred mice, C57BL/6J and CS. In Experiment I, the mice received intermittent electric shocks for five hours in a day for 15 days. Activity rhythms and the body weight were measured in the home cage, and locomotion and the body weight loss in the shock box. In the C57BL/6J mice, the body weight decreased over days, while the body weight loss in the shock box decreased. Activity rhythms did not change remarkably. In the CS mice, the body weight remained constant, although the weight loss was larger in the stress situation and the drinking activity rhythm changed. Experiment II revealed that this change in drinking activity rhythm was due to the experimental manipulation other than E. S. The relationship between post-stress behaviors and the body weight change was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (789K) -
TAKAO SATO1983 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 213-221
Published: March 01, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe phenomenal depth effect induced by Kanizsa figure was quantitatively compared with that evoked by real superposition cue using apparent motion as a probe. Experiment 1 was carried out to test this new method by studying the way apparent motion interacts with a figure inserted in the path of motion as a function of the distance-in-depth between the flashes and the inserted figure (relative distance). In Experiment 2, using this new method, the perceived position-in-depth was measured for three types of inserted figures;(A) a simple rectangle, (B) a rectangle with a real superposition cue, and (C) a rectangle consisting of subjective contours. The result indicated that the apparent depth effect induced by subjective contours is larger in magnitude than that evoked by the superposition cue given by real contours. This finding was discussed in relation to the depth theory of subjective contours.View full abstractDownload PDF (673K) -
TAKEO IIDA1983 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 222-227
Published: March 01, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo investigate the effects of luminance and visual depth cues on accommodation, the accommodation with decreased luminance was measured with a laser optometer under three visual conditions, a target in a full-cue visual field, a target in a dark room, and in an empty visual field without target. Four persons of 21 to 27 years old, with normal uncorrected visual acuity, served as subjects. The accommodation increased with decreased luminance in the full-cue visual field. In the empty visual field, however, the accommodation remained constant on a high level regardless of luminance levels. The results suggest that night myopia can be explained by the effect of reduction of depth cues caused by decreased luminance rather than the effect of luminance alone. There was no significant difference in accommodation between in the total darkness and in the bright empty field, and the mean accommodation under reduced cue conditions was found to be 2.06 diopters (focal distance was 49 cm).View full abstractDownload PDF (483K) -
KANEYOSHI ISHIHARA, TAKASHI SAITOH, YO MIYATA1983 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 228-232
Published: March 01, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of 8-hour advanced-shift on the daily course of oral temperature were examined. After nine baseline days, two young adult males were placed on an 8-hour advanced-shift schedule for eight days, then four recovery days followed. Since one of the subjects was the experimenter (E), his data except oral temperature were not obtained. Sleeping period in baseline and recovery days was 0100-0900 (0200-0900 for E), and in shift days 1700-0100 (1800-0100 for E). During the shift schedule, short-term adjustment of temperature was observed on both subjects, i.e., flattened shape, the phase shift of minimum, and then the slow shift of maximum. With respect to individual differences in the speed of adjustment, the evening type (E) was faster than the morning type in adjustment to the advanced-shift schedule.View full abstractDownload PDF (2468K)
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