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Volume 26 (1984)
- Issue 4 Pages 179-
- Issue 3 Pages 125-
- Issue 2 Pages 57-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 26, Issue 2
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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A proposal of 3-levels hierarchical model in semantic differential techniqueYOSHIHIRO MURAKAMI1984 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 57-67
Published: September 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to propose a slightly modified concept of stratum factor structure, which would explain ground for atypical EPA structure in Iwashita (1972). One hundred and eighty-five students rated six musical pieces on 54 semantic differencial (SD) scales consisted of 49 used in Iwashita and five typical ones, added especially for this study. Two analyses were carried out. The first analysis showed a sufficient EPA structure for our purpose, however it disclosed two typical scales irrelevant to the EPA dimensions. Two-levels of hierarchical structure were distinguished in the second analysis: The basic structure consisted of warmth and intelligence factors, and the affective structure consisted of mood, activity, familiarity, and complexity (P) factors. According to these results, it was concluded that carefully chosen stimuli and typical scales were necessary to resume typical EPA structure. It was also concluded that 3-levels hierarchical structure were able to explain the atypical EPA structure in SD research.View full abstractDownload PDF (712K) -
MASAKAZU ISHIZUKA, SHIGERU ICHIHARA1984 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 68-74
Published: September 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSpatial frequency and orientation specific effects were found in metacontrast. A circular target stimulus (TS) patch and an annular masking stimulus (MS) patch were used, both with square wave gratings, the frequency of which were either 6.6 or 13.2 cpd. Orientation of TS was always vertical and that of MS was either vertical or horizontal. There was a spatial gap (d), 0′, 6′ or 12′ in visual angle between TS and MS. The masking effect was measured in terms of the apparent shrinkage in size (or completeness) of TS by the magnitude estimation method under four conditions of SOA (15, 55, 95 and 135 ms). The greatest masking occurred when TS and MS were matched in frequency and orientation and d was 0′. As frequency and orientation discrepancies between TS and MS increased, the masking effect diminished considerably.View full abstractDownload PDF (419K) -
OSAMU IWATA1984 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 75-81
Published: September 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo studies were carried out to test two hypotheses on noise sensitivity. In the first study it was hypothesized that persons whose level of noise sensitivity was high tend to be less healthy than those whose level was low. Utilizing Iwata's Noise Sensitivity Scale, 33 subjects who scored high on the scale and 33 who scored low were selected for the study from a sample of 132 undergraduates. These two groups were compared in terms of health measures using the Japanese version of the Cornell Medical Index. The results supported the hypothesis. In the second study, it was hypothesized that maladjusted personalities are manifested more often by those whose noise sensitivity is high than those whose noise sensitivity is low. Following the same procedure of selection in the preceding study, 35 subjects whose noise sensitivity was high and another 30 whose noise sensitivity was low were chosen from another sample of 129 college students. Using the Yatabe-Guilford Personality Inventory the two groups were compared in terms of the distribution of personality types. The results confirmed the second hypothesis.View full abstractDownload PDF (415K) -
A follow-up studyKEIKO KASHIWAGI, HIROSHI AZUMA, KAZUO MIYAKE, SHIGEFUMI NAGANO, ROBERT ...1984 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 82-92
Published: September 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis is a comparative study on the follow-up samples of Japan-US cross-cultural project concerning maternal influences upon the cognitive development of children. In order to compare the longitudinal generazability of our findings from preschool data, several cognitive measures assesed at 11:0 (Japan) or 12:0 (U.S.) were examined in relation to preschool measures and to early maternal variables. The level of performances were moderately stable throughout preschool and school period in both countries. Most of the present measures were highly correlated with socio-economic status (SES) and parental education in Japan, on the contrary, the correlations of demographic variables with child's measures diminished at school-age level in the U.S. The correlational patterns of early maternal factors with child's outcomes were generally maintained nearly same fashion in both countries, but, the relationships were stronger and tended to continue more persistently in Japan than in the U.S. The mechanisms of early environmental and maternal influences upon later child's cognitive development were discussed in relation to socio-cultural background in the two countries.View full abstractDownload PDF (730K) -
PAUL LANGMAN, HIROFUMI SAITO1984 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 93-102
Published: September 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe differential effects of top down information (one's cultural experience) on perceived category structure were investigated. In this study, Japanese and Americans rated the prototypicality (degree of category membership) à la Rosch of “quasi-linguistic” categories consisting of the same Kanji written in the five standard styles of calligraphy. It was hypothesized that the Japanese would perceive the most functional styles as most prototypical while the Americans would rate the styles differently depending on the “artificial” cultural experience provided concerning the categories: No Meaning, the Japanese Meaning, and an Iconic and Non-Iconic Meaning referenced to the most pictographic style, Tensho. The results were in support of the hypothesis and indicated that the patterns of ratings for the two cultures were significantly different. Especially, the Japanese rated Kaisho and Gyosho most prototypical while the degree of iconicity most influenced the American's ratings.View full abstractDownload PDF (792K) -
JUNJI KOMAKI1984 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 103-109
Published: September 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo groups of male Japanese monkeys were given one of two modified forms of successive reversal training (SRT) in WGTA. Prior to usual SRT trials of each reversal, an information trial was introduced on which either baited positive stimulus [(p-1) group; n=3] or unbaited negative stimulus [(n-1) group; n=2] of new reversal was singly presented. Two-trial problems were given on three stages of the informed SRT's so as to assess the development of choice strategies.(N-1) group tended to be superior to (p-1) group in 2-trial problems, and the latter group was inferior to (n-3) and SRT groups of the previous experiments. An assumption explaining these and other findings was presented.View full abstractDownload PDF (522K) -
KEN'ICHI MIYAZAKI, TAKAYUKI SASAKI1984 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 110-119
Published: September 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSForward and backward masking patterns were obtained using a 70-dB SPL sinusoidal masker whose frequency was varied and a 3 000-Hz sinusoidal probe signal through an adaptive two-interval forced choice (2IFC) procedure. The temporal course of the residual excitation pattern produced in the auditory system by the masker could be represented by a set of forward masking patterns at different temporal locations after the end of the masker. The shape of the forward masking patterns was dependent upon the probe delay time and the phenomenon of the maximum masking frequency (MMF) shift was observed at relatively long delay time. Although results of forward masking are free from undesirable interaction effects between a masker and a probe, several other distorting effects are inevitable. As potential causes of these effects, the nonlinear growth of the excitation, the quality-difference cue for detection of a probe, and the off-frequency listening strategy are discussed. As for backward masking, an amount of masking was relatively small for the whole frequency range examined, and so any distinct patterns were not observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (748K) -
MAYUMI YAMAMOTO1984 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 120-124
Published: September 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was conducted to examine the developmental changes of hemispheric specialization and integration in young children. A Handedness Inventory and Intra-/Intermanual Tactile Identification Matching Test were given to each of 29 five years old children. The results showed that in the Intra-manual Matching condition, the performance level of the right-handers was higher than that of the ambidextrous group. In the right-handers, the left hand's performance was superior to that of the right hand in boys, whereas girls showed no hand difference. In children of ambidextrous, no hand difference was shown between boys and girls. In the Inter-manual Matching condition for the right-handers, boys made fewer errors in left hand first matching condition than in the right hand first matching condition, while girls showed no such difference. For the ambidextrous group, there was no difference between two conditions in both sexes. Based on these results, hemispheric specialization and integration in young children were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (392K)
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