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Volume 27 (1985)
- Issue 4 Pages 177-
- Issue 3 Pages 125-
- Issue 2 Pages 63-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 27, Issue 2
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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RYWHAY HAYASHI1985 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 63-71
Published: August 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe word processing ability of the right hemisphere with regard to word imageability was examined by the running memory span procedure. Forty right-handed college students participated. Seventy-six stimulus pairs were successively projected onto the both sides of a fixation-point, and the subjects were asked to judge if one of the presented stimulus pair has been presented before as quickly and accurately as possible. Each pair consisted of a highly imageable noun and a less imageable noun. As mental imagery has a facilitating effect on memory but not perception of words, memory load was systematically manipulated. Right visual field superiority was found for both HI and LI nouns at the immediate recognition condition. However, no significant visual field differences were found for HI nouns at delayed recognition conditions. These results suggest that the right hemisphere may take a certain role in mental imagery for memory tasks.View full abstractDownload PDF (712K) -
From the viewpoint of distributive justiceNAOKI KUGIHARA1985 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 72-78
Published: August 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of the distributional system of the test scores among subjects on their learning motivation. Subjects were divided into two groups, i. e., L-LKW (low level Kanji writing) and H-LKW (high level Kanji writing) groups. Three kinds of Kanji writing tests, each with its own degree of distributional inequality (DDI), were administered to each group. Distributional inequality was defined by the degree of disparity of the test scores among subjects. The results were as follows: The effect of DDI was salient in L-LKW groups, i.e., the number of correct answers was greater in the low DDI (L-DDI) than in high DDI (H-DDI). In the H-LKW groups, on the other hand, any remarkable differences were not found for the three distributional systems.View full abstractDownload PDF (474K) -
HARUMITSU MUROHASHI, SHOJI KITAJIMA, MINAMI KANOH1985 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 79-88
Published: August 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAmplitude characteristics of visually evoked potentials to alphanumeric and checkerboard stimuli were examined in this experiment. Subjects, 17 male college students, were exposed to a series of trials consisting of the presentation of seven successive stimuli-a warning stimulus (WS) followed by a first triplet of three identical stimuli (stimulus positions 1-3) and a second triplet of another three identical stimuli (position 4-6). A subject's task was either to report the numbers presented (verbal task) or match the checkerboard patterns (non-verbal task) in the two triplets. Each stimulus was illuminated by two 20 μs discharges of xenon tubes with the interval of either 25 or 50 ms. Analysis of occipital P260 amplitudes revealed significant differences between WS and position 1 for both alphanumeric and checkerboard stimuli when the interval between two 20 μs discharges was 50 ms but not when it was 25 ms. These findings indicated that there may be a critical interval between 25 and 50 ms which is effective in producing task specific perceptual activities at position 1.View full abstractDownload PDF (672K) -
MUNEO MITSUBOSHI1985 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 89-96
Published: August 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the present study, the detection thresholds for the test stimulus, which consisted of the colors opponent to each other, were obtained as a function of the test exposure duration. Results were analysed in terms of summation index. When the red- and green-test stimuli were mixed, the index indicated inhibition at the long test durations (longer than about 100 ms), but rather summation at the short durations. For the yellow- and blue-test stimuli, on the other hand, it seems that those stimuli were more summative than the red- and green-ones, and might need longer exposure duration to yield inhibition. These results were discussed in terms of the opponent-color system, which is antagonistic in nature and should be more sensitive to the stimuli of long durations, and the non-opponent or luminance system, which is additive in nature and should be more sensitive to the stimuli of short durations.View full abstractDownload PDF (573K) -
T. SATORU AIBA, GEORGE W. GRANGER1985 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 97-108
Published: August 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relationship between the processing of colours in the patches made up of various colours and the processing of the positions occupied by these colours was investigated using the backward masking technique with two types of ‘noise’ which affected them differentially. Six subjects, all female undergraduates, took part in the experiments. The correlation between the numbers correct for colour and for position for individual patches was found practically nil. Moreover, deterioration of colour detection by noise did not have any effect upon detection of positions. When, instead of single patches of coloured targets, configurations of patches were used as units of analysis, some evidence was obtained to suggest that the two types of processing do interact. This might be due to the fact that they share some common resources.View full abstractDownload PDF (891K) -
The Kurahashi program vs. structured-activity programsFUSAKO IIJIMA1985 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 109-118
Published: August 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere is considerable controversy in Japan over the relative merits of preschool classes based on free-activities and those centered on structured-activities. This study attempts to analyze the efficacy of such programs in terms of developing independence in children. Questionnaires were distributed to the 200 mothers of kindergarten and 449 grade school subjects. The questionnaire included 40 items selected from the Diagnostic Test for Independence with a five-point scale for responses. As a result of factor analysis, four factors-lack of spontaneity, self-control, autonomy and self-assertion-were observed. Analysis of variance was applied to examine the differences among educational program, sex and grade. This study suggests that structured-activity programs do not fully foster “spontaneity” or boy's “self-control” Girls outpace boys in “lack of spontaneity, ” “self-control, ” and “ autonomy.” “Self-control” develops as the child becomes older. The results on “autonomy” varied according to grades, and unequivocal results were not observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (712K) -
YASUMASA ANNEN, OSAMU FUJITA1985 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 119-124
Published: August 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIsolated inbred strains of rats selected for high and low levels of emotionality were tested for their aggression provoking tendency when they were used as intruders and introduced individually into the established colonies (n=4) composed of one female and four male Wistar rats. Several social behaviors were quantified for 450 s by VTR observation. It was indicated that the low emotional intruders (n=8) elicited from male residents significantly more biting, lateral display, on-top-of and chasing than the high emotional intruders (n=7). It was suggested that these differences were related with the difference of the activeness of defense behavior inherent in the two strains. Discussion was made with reference to social cognition developed through their interaction between residents and intruder.View full abstractDownload PDF (409K)
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