Japanese Psychological Research
Online ISSN : 1468-5884
Print ISSN : 0021-5368
Volume 28, Issue 1
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
  • SHUNJI MIYAKE, SHUNJI TANIGUCHI, KEIICHIRO TSUJI
    1986 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 1-10
    Published: April 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Click and light were presented in pairs with varying stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) and the subjects were asked to respond to the click onset. SRTs and EPs were obtained for two levels of click intensity and were plotted as a function of SOAs. As the related EP component, Nc, or the negative peak immediately following the click onset, was taken and the Nc recorded from Cz was analyzed. Although the larger Nc amplitudes occurred with shorter SRTs, no systematic changes in Nc amplitude were observed as a function of SOAs. Nc latencies, the variations of which were smaller for an intense click than for a faint one, were shorter for trials in which light preceded click (SOA≤0) than for click-alone trials, in correlation with SRTs. This fact suggests that the light given prior to click increased the arousal level and/or the processing speed. Bimodal facilitating effect of the internal processing speed upon SRTs was obtained at 50ms of SOA.
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  • HIROSHI HOJO
    1986 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 11-20
    Published: April 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Twelve pentagons, which were each variations of a standard pentagon, were rank ordered by 37 university students according to their similarity to the standard. The data were analyzed by a nonmetric maximum likelihood scaling method for rank order data. We proposed various assumptions about the manners in which physical difference measures between two stimuli were defined. The physical difference measures defined were each assumed to be linearly related to the perceived dissimilarity. Fitting this linear function model to the rank order data has revealed (a) that the measure defined on the distance between a pair of corresponding vertices of two pentagons, using the difference limen as a unit, after translating one stimulus pattern so that its centroid may coincide with that of the other, works best;(b) that the linear function of this measure is a fairly good account of the data, but that it is not good enough to explain all meaningful variations in the data.
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  • HIDEKO OHMURA
    1986 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 21-29
    Published: April 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The role of stimulus intensity (luminance), color and form on visual stream segregation (VISS) was studied through three experiments, using six undergraduates as subjects. The results were as follows. There were no effects of stimulus intensity on VISS. Korte's “third law” was supported, while his concerning spatial and temporal separation “first law” and “second law” concerning intensity for VISS was not. Neither color nor form had any effects on goodness and proportion of VISS, but color and form determined the quality of perceived motion. Between disparate colors, no intermediaries were found; one changed abruptly to the other while disparate shapes were seen to change gradually, and the type of perceived motion corresponded to that of geometric transformation in stimuli. These results are discussed by a notion of seriation in visual processing.
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  • FUSAKO IIJIMA
    1986 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 30-40
    Published: April 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study analyzed the structure and the developmental changes of interpersonal behaviors of 42 preschool children using a longitudinal method over a 3-year-period. Four variables-sex (M. F.), enrolled year (1980, 1981), subcategory of interpersonal behaviors (solitary, parallel, same sex pair, same sex group, etc.) and term (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) were employed as the variables. As a result of factor analysis, five factors (“unoccupied behavior, ” “solitary behavior and teacher pair-same sex group, ” “same sex pair-mixed group, ” “same sex group with teacher, ” and “parallel behavior”) were identified. Boys were likely to play in “same sex groups, ” while girls were likely to play with their teacher. Interaction between teacher and children resulted in specific interpersonal behavior. In the first term, the child was engaged in a variety of activities. However, beginning with the fourth term, “same sex groups” and “same sex pair” were ranked higher, followed by “parallel behavior.” “Parallel behavior” sometimes represented the child's involvement in an activity. In future, multi-dimensional analysis of interpersonal behaviors and task-oriented behaviors should be performed.
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  • AKIRA ISHIGUCHI
    1986 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 41-45
    Published: April 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Effects of familiarity of the irrelevant stimulus on the processing of the relevant stimuli was examined. The task in Exp. I was of odd-even matching between two digits (relevant stimuli), which was considered as a high level processing, and that in Exp. 2 was of physical matching, which was considered as a low level processing task. In both experiments, one Chinese character (irrelevant stimulus) was presented at the center between two digits in each test trials. In the high familiarity condition (SO), the irrelevant stimuli were presented repeatedly in a memorization session, while in the low familiarity condition (SN), they were merely presented before the actual task. The results were that when the task required a low level processing (Exp. 2), the irrelevant stimulus, both in the high familiarity condition (SO) and in the low familiarity condition (SN), had the inhibitory effect upon the encoding of the relevant stimuli, but in the task which required a high level processing (Exp. 1) the irrelevant stimulus with high familiarity (SO) had the effect of indirect facilitation. Interaction between the effect of familiarity and the level of processing was discussed.
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  • TOSHIYUKI YAMASHITA
    1986 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 46-49
    Published: April 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Autoregressive (AR) model and differential model for human prediction behavior of time series resulting from a discrete linear dynamic system were compared in terms of Akaike's information criterion (AIC). Comparison of the minimum AIC values revealed that the AR model was the better fitting model than the differential model. This result suggests that the AR information is a more practical means for the subject to predict future states than using the prior knowledge of the system dynamics, and that the subjects tend to make predictions based on only two or three preceding states of the time series. Next, the frequency characteristics of human prediction were compared with tracking behavior which involves motor constraints as well as human prediction. While amplitude ratio decreases and phase lag increases with frequency in tracking behavior, only the phase lag varies with frequency in prediction behavior. This is a characteristic feature of human prediction behavior.
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